Assessing the Greenhouse Gas Balance of Farming and Ranching Practices with COMET-Farm - easter
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The document introduces the COMET-Farm and COMET-Planner tools, which provide a systems approach for assessing greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture. The tools allow users to calculate entity-level GHG inventories for farms and ranches (COMET-Farm) or estimate the average mitigation potential of conservation practices (COMET-Planner). Key features and calculation methods are described, including the ability to analyze conservation scenario outcomes. Training and support resources are available to help users apply the tools.
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This document summarizes a presentation about using process models to help build trust and understanding when implementing edge of field conservation practices. It discusses how process models can help various stakeholders like conservation professionals, landowners, cities, and contractors understand the time and resources required. It provides examples of process models created for constructed wetlands, saturated buffers, and bioreactors. The presentation discusses the goals of helping more stakeholders and expanding the models, as well as thanking collaborators on the project.
September 1 - 830 - Chris Hay
This document discusses the challenges of meeting nitrogen reduction goals in the Upper Mississippi River Basin. It notes that meeting the nutrient reduction goals will be a massive effort that requires a mix of practices across Iowa, Minnesota, and Illinois, including wetlands, drainage treatment, and stacked practices. However, there are also many challenges to implementing the necessary practices, including economics, human/social factors, delivery challenges, risk management, climate change, and the need for further research. The document emphasizes that understanding the large scale of the challenge is needed to make progress toward the nutrient reduction goals.
August 31 - 0239 - Yuchuan Fan
The document summarizes a meta-analysis that compared the nitrate removal performance of different substrates used in denitrifying bioreactors. It found that wood media had the highest nitrate removal rate (NRR) and percentage (NRE), followed by mulch media, nutshell-based media, and inorganic media. However, when considering cost-effectiveness, woodchip and corn cob were the most economical natural organic carbon substrates. Overall, the analysis suggests that mulch media is the optimal material for nitrate removal due to its low cost and potential to overcome deficiencies in other media types.
August 31 - 0216 - Babak Dialameh
The document summarizes an investigation into phosphorus transport dynamics in subsurface drainage using high-frequency measurements. Key findings include:
1) TRP concentration had a dynamic pattern that was strongly influenced by drainage discharge levels, highlighting the need for high-resolution sampling.
2) Event flows contributed 78% of the total TRP load despite comprising only 50% of total flow.
3) Flow-proportional sampling strategies provided more accurate TRP load estimates than time-proportional strategies and were more cost-effective. Targeting high flow periods is important for reducing phosphorus loss.
August 31 - 0153 - San Simon
This document summarizes a study that evaluated a procedure for prioritizing maintenance of agricultural drainage ditches. The study measured the critical shear stress of soils using a cohesive strength meter to assess their susceptibility to erosion. Soils with higher root densities and those treated with mixed lime showed higher critical shear stresses, meaning they were less susceptible to erosion. Measurements of pressure on the soil surface during testing were mostly lower than estimates from other studies. The procedure effectively identified the relative erosion resistance of different soils, aiding prioritization of drainage ditch maintenance needs.
August 31 - 0130 - Chuck Brandel
ISG worked with Blue Earth County to digitize and modernize their drainage data. They georeferenced existing plans, digitized drainage features, attributed data to the digitized features, and created a geodatabase to house the updated drainage data. This project consolidated Blue Earth County's drainage records, improved data accuracy, and established a process for ISG and the County to regularly update the drainage data going forward. The updated digital records will benefit Blue Earth County, ISG, other engineering firms, and the public.
September 1 - 1139 - Ainis Lagzdins
This document summarizes the results of Latvia's long-term Agricultural Runoff Monitoring programme, which aims to document nutrient concentrations and losses at different spatial and temporal scales. The monitoring covers groundwater, experimental drainage plots, subsurface drainage fields, small catchments, and small/medium rivers at 23 sites. Results show discharge and nutrient concentration data varying by location, scale of monitoring, and between years with flooding or drought. Nutrient levels differed between the Berze and Mellupite monitoring sites and across groundwater, drainage plots, and catchment scales. The programme provides long-term data on agricultural nonpoint source pollution across Latvia.
September 1 - 1116 - David Whetter
This document summarizes an applied research and demonstration project evaluating soil and water management practices in undulating soils in southwestern Manitoba. The project aims to reduce nitrogen, phosphorus and salt export while improving drought resiliency. Preliminary results show tile drainage is lowering water tables most in lower landscape positions, with soil moisture responding rapidly in drained areas. Tile flow rates increase with decreasing elevation. Water quality measurements also show higher salt concentrations in lower positions. Next steps include water quality treatment analysis, long-term monitoring, modeling, knowledge transfer and reporting.
September 1 - 1053 - Matt Helmers
This document summarizes a coordinated research network studying the impacts of 4R nutrient stewardship practices on crop yields, soil health, and nutrient losses across sites in North America. The network included 8 research sites across 6 states/provinces from 2017-2020. Treatments included different fertilizer application timings, placements, sources, and rates. Standardized data collection allowed comparisons across sites. Preliminary findings showed 4R and advanced 4R practices improved nutrient use efficiency and reduced nitrogen losses while maintaining crop yields. Nitrous oxide emissions and nitrate leaching losses decreased under improved nutrient management, though impacts varied between sites and years. Ongoing research aims to further quantify environmental benefits and optimize fertilizer practices.
September 1 - 1030 - Chandra Madramootoo
The document summarizes research on managing drainage water in the Holland Marsh region of Ontario to improve water quality and agricultural productivity. Key points:
- The Holland Marsh is an important vegetable growing region on organic soils, but drainage into Lake Simcoe contributes excess nutrients.
- A study evaluated controlling water tables with controlled drainage to reduce pumping and nutrient loads in drainage water. Modeling and monitoring found it effective for water conservation but more limited for nutrient reductions.
- Soil phosphorus pools, particularly aluminum and iron-bound phosphorus, were found to influence phosphorus levels in drainage water more than drainage management alone. Fertilizer applications exceeded crop needs, accumulating legacy phosphorus in soils over time.
August 31 - 1139 - Mitchell Watkins
This document summarizes a study comparing the effects of conventional ditch drainage (FD) and shallow furrow drainage with tile (SD) on crop yields and water quality in eastern North Carolina. Preliminary results found that SD led to a 68% reduction in drainage volume, 80% less nitrate export, and higher average soybean (+9.1%) and corn (+3.7%) yields compared to FD. SD also requires less land area than FD, has lower maintenance needs, and shows potential to improve water quality and agricultural productivity with more efficient drainage management. The research aims to further quantify these impacts of SD drainage design.
August 31 - 1116 - Shiv Prasher
1) DRAINMOD simulations were conducted for a field in Harrow, Ontario with an asymmetrical drainage system to determine the best approach to simulate drain outflow. 2) Four approaches using different drain spacings were tested: 3.8m, 5.06m, 7.6m, and 15.2m. 3) The mean absolute error and root mean square error for each approach were acceptable, indicating drain spacing had little impact on outflow simulation, though it did impact soil moisture parameters.
August 31 - 1053 - Ehsan Ghane
This document discusses how the choice of pipe material influences drain spacing and system cost. It finds that pipe with more rows of perforations, such as an 8-row regular perforated pipe, has a higher effective radius than a 4-row pipe, allowing for wider drain spacing. Experiments show that a sock-wrapped pipe has the highest drain inflow of the pipes tested, both with and without drain sedimentation present. The key takeaways are that the number of perforation rows and slot length most impact effective radius and drain flow, and a sock-wrapped pipe performs best in terms of drain inflow and spacing.
August 31 - 1030 - Joseph A. Bubcanec
This document summarizes research conducted by the Plastics Pipe Institute (PPI) on the installation of corrugated high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and polypropylene (PP) agricultural drainage pipe. It describes field testing of 30-inch HDPE dual-wall pipe installed at a test site in Ohio, including instrumentation to monitor strain and deflection. Finite element modeling was also used to analyze trench configurations. The research aims to update industry guidance documents to optimize pipe installation practices and trench designs. PPI members also work to increase the use of recycled HDPE and PP materials in pipe production.
September 1 - 130 - McBride
The document discusses Ohio's H2Ohio water quality initiative and its funding of conservation practices including two-stage ditches. It launched in 2019 with $172 million to reduce phosphorus runoff from farms using best management practices like wetlands, buffers, and two-stage ditches. A $5 million grant program was announced to fund two-stage ditch projects based on design guidelines. The document provides details on the grant application process, design requirements using regional curves, and goals to fund 20 projects for 30 miles of ditches at $30 per foot on average.
September 1 - 0216 - Jessica D'Ambrosio
This document provides information on edge-of-field conservation practices and a panel discussion on drainage ditches. It summarizes various practices for nutrient, soil, and sediment removal including vegetated buffers, grassed waterways, prairie strips, wetlands, bioreactors, and controlled drainage. Cost effectiveness data is given for each. The key elements of an edge-of-field roadmap are outlined as building the economic case, increasing implementation capacity, and elevating a culture of conservation. A sample conservation planning scenario shows identified sites for practices treating over 9,000 acres of land. The document concludes with information on connecting with The Nature Conservancy's Ohio agriculture programs.
September 1 - 0153 - Mike Pniewski
This document discusses the implementation and maintenance of two-stage ditches. Two-stage ditches incorporate a floodplain area to increase flow capacity while slowing velocities. They allow for channel vegetation, improve sediment settling, and provide water quality benefits. Challenges include obtaining land access, communication with landowners, permitting, and planting/erosion control. Case studies of implemented two-stage ditch projects in Lucas County demonstrate post-construction conditions and results, including improved drainage and yields for agriculture.
September 1 - 0130 - Johnathan Witter
This document summarizes research on conservation channel design and sediment capture in two-stage ditches. It finds that self-forming channels accumulated more sediment, carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus over time compared to traditional ditches. Sediment analysis showed higher nutrient levels than surrounding soils. A case study site captured over 500 kg of phosphorus over 9 years that could be harvested and reused as fertilizer, offsetting nutrient costs for farmers. The document concludes sediment trapping in two-stage ditches can improve water quality while providing a locally sourced, cost-effective fertilizer resource.
August 31 - 1139 - Melisa Luymes
Farmers, drainage contractors, researchers, and conservation authorities collaborated on a drainage innovation project at Huronview in Clinton, Ontario. They worked together on the design, installation, and monitoring of new drainage practices to improve water quality and sustainability while maintaining agricultural productivity. A demonstration day was held in June 2019 to share results with stakeholders. The project aimed to foster cooperation across sectors and balance priorities around drainage, research, environmental protection, and social acceptance.
August 31 - 1116 - Hassam Moursi
This document summarizes a study on the impact of drainage water recycling (DWR) on nutrient and sediment losses from agricultural fields in eastern North Carolina. The study found that storing drainage water in an on-farm reservoir for supplemental irrigation (DWR) significantly reduced nitrogen, phosphorus, and sediment concentrations and loads compared to a non-irrigated control field. Specifically, DWR reduced total nitrogen concentration by 40% and load by 47%. It also reduced total phosphorus concentration by 21% and load by 30%. Sediment concentration was reduced by 86% and load by 87%. The hydraulic retention time in the reservoir was found to be the major factor influencing nutrient and sediment removal efficiency.
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The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
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Climate Change All over the World .pptx
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原版制作(Newcastle毕业证书)纽卡斯尔大学毕业证在读证明一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(Newcastle毕业证书)纽卡斯尔大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
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二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
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4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
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Increasing urbanization, rural–urban migration, rising standards of living, and rapid development associated with population growth have resulted in increased solid waste generation by industrial, domestic and other activities in Nairobi City. It has been noted in other contexts too that increasing population, changing consumption patterns, economic development, changing income, urbanization and industrialization all contribute to the increased generation of waste.
With the increasing urban population in Kenya, which is estimated to be growing at a rate higher than that of the country’s general population, waste generation and management is already a major challenge. The industrialization and urbanization process in the country, dominated by one major city – Nairobi, which has around four times the population of the next largest urban centre (Mombasa) – has witnessed an exponential increase in the generation of solid waste. It is projected that by 2030, about 50 per cent of the Kenyan population will be urban.
Aim:
A healthy, safe, secure and sustainable solid waste management system fit for a world – class city.
Improve and protect the public health of Nairobi residents and visitors.
Ecological health, diversity and productivity and maximize resource recovery through the participatory approach.
Goals:
Build awareness and capacity for source separation as essential components of sustainable waste management.
Build new environmentally sound infrastructure and systems for safe disposal of residual waste and replacing current dumpsites which should be commissioned.
Current solid waste management situation:
The status.
Solid waste generation rate is at 2240 tones / day
collection efficiently is at about 50%.
Actors i.e. city authorities, CBO’s , private firms and self-disposal
Current SWM Situation in Nairobi City:
Solid waste generation – collection – dumping
Good Practices:
• Separation – recycling – marketing.
• Open dumpsite dandora dump site through public education on source separation of waste, of which the situation can be reversed.
• Nairobi is one of the C40 cities in this respect , various actors in the solid waste management space have adopted a variety of technologies to reduce short lived climate pollutants including source separation , recycling , marketing of the recycled products.
• Through the network, it should expect to benefit from expertise of the different actors in the network in terms of applicable technologies and practices in reducing the short-lived climate pollutants.
Good practices:
Despite the dismal collection of solid waste in Nairobi city, there are practices and activities of informal actors (CBOs, CBO-SACCOs and yard shop operators) and other formal industrial actors on solid waste collection, recycling and waste reduction.
Practices and activities of these actor groups are viewed as innovations with the potential to change the way solid waste is handled.
CHALLENGES:
• Resource Allocation.
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The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
ENVIRONMENT~ Renewable Energy Sources and their future prospects.
This presentation is for us to know that how our Environment need Attention for protection of our natural resources which are depleted day by day that's why we need to take time and shift our attention to renewable energy sources instead of non-renewable sources which are better and Eco-friendly for our environment. these renewable energy sources are so helpful for our planet and for every living organism which depends on environment.
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本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
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如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
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Peatland Management in Indonesia, Science to Policy and Knowledge Education
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Assessing the Greenhouse Gas Balance of Farming and Ranching Practices with COMET-Farm - easter
- 1. Assessing Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Agriculture – An Introduction to COMET-FarmTM and COMET-PlannerTM M. Easter1, M. Stermer1, K. Paustian1, K. Brown1, A. Chambers2, M. Eve3 and the COMET Team 1Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University 2USDA NRCS Air Quality Team 3USD Office of the Chief Scientist
- 2. Outline • What are the COMET-FarmTM and COMET-PlannerTM Tools? • Conservation Scenario Analysis • COMET Tool Examples • Upcoming New Features, Training & Outreach
- 3. COMET-FarmTM & COMET-PlannerTM Climate Change and Greenhouse Gases Source: U.S. EPA Total U.S. Emissions in 2013: 6,673 million metric tonnes CO2 equivalents
- 4. COMET-FarmTM & COMET-PlannerTM Greenhouse Gases and Agriculture The COMET Tools Provide a Systems Approach to GHG Inventories and Conservation Scenario Analysis Nearly Every Land Mgmt Decision Producers Make Affects Greenhouse Gas Emissions or Carbon Sequestration Cropland Grazing Land Livestock Agroforestry
- 5. COMET-FarmTM & COMET-PlannerTM Incentives for GHG Mitigation in Agriculture • California Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006 (AB32) provides financial incentives for GHG reductions • Voluntary Markets (Soil and Biomass Carbon Sequestration, Nitrous Oxide Reductions) • Conservation practices have shared co-benefits for greenhouse gas mitigation, air quality, water quality
- 6. Implements the peer-reviewed, USDA- sanctioned entity-level inventory methods. • Soil-related GHG emissions: “Blue Book” Methods Document • Livestock-related GHG emissions: “Blue Book” Methods Document • Energy-related GHG emissions: USDA/NRCS Energy Tool, EPA Emission Factors COMET-FarmTM Calculation Methods
- 7. Equation Factors, USDA Methods, IPCC COMET-FarmTM How it works Historic Rotations NRI, Cropping Practices Survey, CSRA Climate & Soil NARR & SSURGO Web Interface CSU Server Empirical Models Outputs Results Specific Location Specific Activities
- 8. Equation Factors, USDA Methods, IPCC COMET-PlannerTM How it works Historic Rotations NRI, Cropping Practices Survey, CSRA Climate & Soil NARR & SSURGO Web Interface CSU Server Empirical Models Outputs Average Mitigation Effect Generalized Region Conservation Practices
- 9. COMET-FarmTM & COMET-PlannerTM Conservation Scenario Analysis Cropland Baseline Scenario (Business as Usual) Tillage Reduction Improved Fertilizer Management Add Cover Crops Compare Benefits on the Same Balance Sheet COMET-FarmTM COMET-PlannerTM Business as Usual Conservation Practice Practice Benefit=
- 10. COMET-PlannerTM How to Use the Tool 1. Enter Location 2. Select NRCS Conservation Practice 3. Enter area to generate results Completed Scenario Results Details
- 11. COMET-FarmTM How to Use the Tool - Cropland
- 12. COMET-FarmTM Current Status / Upcoming Improvements To be added: • Drought Mitigation • Pasture/Rangeland • Perennial & Specialty Crops • Conservation Templates
- 13. COMET-FarmTM Training and Outreach • Tutorials and Demonstration Scenarios • Weekly Online Training and Help Sessions • YouTube Videos • Help Desk
- 14. COMET-Farm Team www.comet-farm.com www.comet-planner.com USDA-NRCS Adam Chambers (Portland) Greg Johnson (Portland) USDA-ARS Steve DelGrosso Colorado State University USDA-OCS Marlen Eve (DC) Keith Paustian (Team Leader) Shawn Archibeque Allison Brown Kevin Brown Mark Easter Ram Gurung Melannie Hartman Adriane Huber Ben Johnke Ken Killian Stephen Ogle Bill Parton Geoff Pietz Matt Stermer Ben Sutton Amy Swan Crystal Toureene Sobha Velayudhan Steve Williams Justin Ziegler USDA-OCE Carolyn Olson (DC) Marci Baranski (DC)
- 15. COMET-FarmTM & COMET-PlannerTM Greenhouse Gas Source Categories Greenhouse Gas Source Category Net Effect Soil Carbon Emission or Sequestration Biomass Carbon Emission or Sequestration Manure/Compost Additions Emission or Sequestration Synthetic N Fertilization Emission Livestock – Enteric Methane and Manure Management Emission Crop Residue/Biomass Burning Emission Rice Methane Emission Liming Emission Evaluated as a Whole in COMET-FarmTM Evaluated Individually in COMET- PlannerTM