Classification in psychiatry

1. AIMS
 Definitions
 Demographics
 Presentations
 Diagnosis
 Services
 Approach to formulation and treatment

2. DEFINITIONS
 What is mental health?
 What is mental illness?

3. What is mental health?
 Mental health can be conceptualized as a state
of well-being in which the individual
– realizes his or her own abilities
– can cope with the normal stresses of life
– can work productively and fruitfully
– and is able to make a contribution to his or her
community
 Mental health is more than the absence of
mental disorders

4. What is mental illness?
 It is not an exact term
 the existence of a clinically recognisable set of
symptoms or behaviours associated in most cases with
distress and with interference with personal functions
 a clinically significant behavioral or psychological
syndrome or pattern that occurs in an individual, is
associated with present distress or disability, or with a
significant increased risk of suffering

7. Presentations
 Thoughts
 Emotions
 Behaviours
 How might these abnormalities present?

8. Presentations
 Psychiatric symptoms are common but do not
necessarily mean that the sufferer has a mental
disorder
 Many mood disorders are short lived responses to
stresses in peoples' lives such as bereavement
 About 30% of people with no mental disorder suffer
from fatigue, and 12% suffer from depressed mood
 Clinically significant: depression (10%), generalised
anxiety disorder (8%), and harmful use of alcohol (3%)

9. Diagnostic Classification
 How would you classify mental disorders?

10. Diagnostic Classification
World Health Organisation ICD-10
•Organic disorders F00 Dementia F05 Delirium
•Psychoactive substance use F10 Alcohol use disorder
•Psychotic disorders F20 Chronic psychotic disorder F23 Acute psychotic
disorder F31 Bipolar disorder
•Mood, stress related, and anxiety disorders F32 Depression F40 Phobic
disorder F41.0 Panic disorder F41.1 Generalised anxiety F41.2 Mixed anxiety
and depression F43 Adjustment disorder F44 Dissociative disorder F45
Unexplained somatic complaints F48 Neurasthenia
•Physiological disorders F50 Eating disorders F51 Sleep disorders F52
Sexual disorders
•Developmental disorders F70 Mental retardation
•Disorders of childhood F90 Hyperkinetic disorder F91 Conduct disorder F98
Enuresis

11. Services

12. Services

13. Approach to treatment
Biological Psychological Social
Predisposing
Precipitating
Perpetuating

14. Summary
 Definitions
 Demographics
 Presentations
 Diagnosis
 Services
 Approach to formulation and treatment

15. Questions?