This document provides guidance on preventing and detecting plagiarism. It outlines five rules: 1) students plagiarize due to laziness, not intelligence; 2) educators should educate themselves and students on plagiarism; 3) ways to prevent plagiarism include making assignments interesting and demonstrating what plagiarism is; 4) potential signs of plagiarism include inconsistent citations and references from unavailable sources; 5) teachers should take plagiarism seriously, gather evidence, and follow proper procedures for addressing it with students.

1. Plagiarism Respecting Intellectual Property Prepared under fair use exemption of the U.S. Copyright Law and restricted from further use. David Warlick The Landmark Project Raleigh, NC 919-414-1845 [email_address]

2. Online Handouts http://landmark-project.com http://handouts.davidwarlick.com Bloggers: plagiarism & warlick

3. Rule 1 You have the upper hand Students do not plagiarize because they are smart. They plagiarize because they are lazy.

4. Rule 2 Educate yourself about Plagiarism! Download some free research paper. Check the quality of the writing. Look for evidence that it was not written locally or recently. http://www.oppapers.com/ http://www.cyberessays.com/ Harris, Robert. &quot;Anit-Plagiarism Strategies for Research Papers.&quot; 7 Mar 2002. VirtualSalt. 16 Nov 2004 <http://www.virtualsalt.com/antiplag.htm>.

5. Rule 3 Prevent Plagiarism (understand why they cheat) Students are faced with many choices, so they put off low priorities. Assignments with an element that will be of interest. Harris, Robert. &quot;Anit-Plagiarism Strategies for Research Papers.&quot; 7 Mar 2002. VirtualSalt. 16 Nov 2004 <http://www.virtualsalt.com/antiplag.htm>.

6. Rule 3 Prevent Plagiarism (understand why they cheat) Many students have poor time management skills. Space out due dates for various elements of the assignment (bibliography, rough draft, final product). Harris, Robert. &quot;Anit-Plagiarism Strategies for Research Papers.&quot; 7 Mar 2002. VirtualSalt. 16 Nov 2004 <http://www.virtualsalt.com/antiplag.htm>.

7. Rule 3 Prevent Plagiarism (understand why they cheat) Some students fear that their writing ability is inadequate and may look for a superior product to turn in. Demonstrate to the class how poor many downloadable papers can be. Harris, Robert. &quot;Anit-Plagiarism Strategies for Research Papers.&quot; 7 Mar 2002. VirtualSalt. 16 Nov 2004 <http://www.virtualsalt.com/antiplag.htm>.

8. Rule 3 Prevent Plagiarism Some students do not know what plagiarism is. Give students an explicit definition of plagiarism. Put it on the wall. Show students examples of appropriate paraphrasing & quoting, and inappropriate examples. Select & demonstrate a citation tool. Explain why plagiarism is wrong, why it is stealing. Harris, Robert. &quot;Anit-Plagiarism Strategies for Research Papers.&quot; 7 Mar 2002. VirtualSalt. 16 Nov 2004 <http://www.virtualsalt.com/antiplag.htm>.

9. Rule 3 Prevent Plagiarism A Definition Plagiarism is using another person's words or ideas without giving credit to the other person. When you use someone else's words, you must put quotation marks around them and give the writer or speaker credit by revealing the source in a citation . Even if you revise or paraphrase the words of someone else or just use their ideas, you still must give the author credit in a note. Not giving due credit to the creator of an idea or writing is very much like lying (stealing). Harris, Robert. &quot;Anit-Plagiarism Strategies for Research Papers.&quot; 7 Mar 2002. VirtualSalt. 16 Nov 2004 <http://www.virtualsalt.com/antiplag.htm>.

10. Rule 3 Prevent Plagiarism Fair Use Students may use portions of copyrighted material with proper credit & citations Students & teachers must include on the opening page of their products a message similar to: Prepared under fair use exemption of the U.S. Copyright Law and restricted from further use. Teachers may use portions of copyrighted materials for “face to face” instruction. Harris, Robert. &quot;Anit-Plagiarism Strategies for Research Papers.&quot; 7 Mar 2002. VirtualSalt. 16 Nov 2004 <http://www.virtualsalt.com/antiplag.htm>.

11. Rule 3 Prevent Plagiarism Fair Use Text: Up to 10% of a copyrighted work or 1000 words, whichever is less. Motion Media: Up to 10% of a copyrighted work or 3 minutes, whichever is less. Illustrations: No more than 5 images of an artist’s or photographer’s work. When using a collection, no more than 10% or no more than 15 images, whichever is less. Music: Up to 10% of a copyrighted musical composition, but no more than 30 seconds. Harris, Robert. &quot;Anit-Plagiarism Strategies for Research Papers.&quot; 7 Mar 2002. VirtualSalt. 16 Nov 2004 <http://www.virtualsalt.com/antiplag.htm>.

12. Rule 3 Prevent Plagiarism Creative Commons (http://creativecommons.org/) Commercial use Attribution Derivative works Share alike Harris, Robert. &quot;Anit-Plagiarism Strategies for Research Papers.&quot; 7 Mar 2002. VirtualSalt. 16 Nov 2004 <http://www.virtualsalt.com/antiplag.htm>.

13. Rule 3 Prevent Plagiarism Let students know that you know about paper mills. Show them a paper mill. Download a paper and show them how you would detect plagiarism. Harris, Robert. &quot;Anit-Plagiarism Strategies for Research Papers.&quot; 7 Mar 2002. VirtualSalt. 16 Nov 2004 <http://www.virtualsalt.com/antiplag.htm>.

14. Rule 3 Prevent Plagiarism Convince students that cited sources strengthens their writing. Students have researched and synthesized findings into their own unique argument. Students are engaged in “the great conversation,” within the world of ideas. Citing resources makes the published thinker a partner in the student’s work. Harris, Robert. &quot;Anit-Plagiarism Strategies for Research Papers.&quot; 7 Mar 2002. VirtualSalt. 16 Nov 2004 <http://www.virtualsalt.com/antiplag.htm>.

15. Rule 3 Prevent Plagiarism Strategies of Prevention Make the assignment clear. Provide a list of specific topics -- make topics unique. Require specific components in the paper. Require process steps. Make assignment authentic. Harris, Robert. &quot;Anit-Plagiarism Strategies for Research Papers.&quot; 7 Mar 2002. VirtualSalt. 16 Nov 2004 <http://www.virtualsalt.com/antiplag.htm>.

16. Rule 3 Prevent Plagiarism Strategies of Prevention (cont.) Require oral presentations. Specify alternative mediums (video, Presentation Slides, Images) . Have students include an annotated bibliography. Require most references to be up-to-date. Harris, Robert. &quot;Anit-Plagiarism Strategies for Research Papers.&quot; 7 Mar 2002. VirtualSalt. 16 Nov 2004 <http://www.virtualsalt.com/antiplag.htm>.

17. Rule 3 Prevent Plagiarism Strategies of Prevention (cont.) Require a metalearning essay Harris, Robert. &quot;Anit-Plagiarism Strategies for Research Papers.&quot; 7 Mar 2002. VirtualSalt. 16 Nov 2004 <http://www.virtualsalt.com/antiplag.htm>. have students write an in-class essay about what they learned from the assignment. What problems did they face and how did they overcome them?

18. Rule 4 Detecting Plagiarism Dead Givaways. Mixed citation styles. Lack of references or quotations. Unusual formatting. Off topic. Signs of datedness Anachronisms Smoking Guns “ Thank you for using TermPaperMania” Harris, Robert. &quot;Anit-Plagiarism Strategies for Research Papers.&quot; 7 Mar 2002. VirtualSalt. 16 Nov 2004 <http://www.virtualsalt.com/antiplag.htm>.

19. Rule 4 Detecting Plagiarism Dead Givaways. Essay is grade-school quality. The ultimate sign of sloth -- Printed from the students web browser. References are from books not available in your school library. All references are at least five years old. &quot;Dead Giveaways.&quot; 2001. Plagiarized.Com. GSC Online. 16 Nov 2004 <http://www.plagiarized.com/deadgive.html>.

20. Rule 5 Catching a Cheater Take the situation seriously Plagiarism is a serious accusation to make. Think of the consequences of a false accusation. Gather your evidence. Confirm you have enough to substantiate your claim Determine who has to know Check school/district policy & document Meet formally with the student Present your case and explain the consequences Evaluate your role How could you have prevented this? &quot;Dead Giveaways.&quot; 2001. Plagiarized.Com. GSC Online. 16 Nov 2004 <http://www.plagiarized.com/deadgive.html>.