The document discusses color theory and the psychological meanings of colors. It begins by explaining the primary colors of red, yellow and blue, and the secondary colors of orange, green and purple which are made by mixing two primary colors. It then discusses color wheels and how complementary, analogous, neutral, warm and cool colors are related. The rest of the document delves into various aspects of color including the dimensions, classification, and psychological meanings associated with different colors such as red, blue, yellow, green and others.

1. Colors
Andrea Bernardo
Discussant

2. Types of
Colors

3. Colors
– Red, yellow and blue are the primary colors.
– Primary colors are the most basic colors. You can't make
them by mixing any other colors.
– Orange, green and purple are the secondary colors.
– A secondary color is made by mixing two primary colors. For
instance, if you mix red and yellow, you get orange.

4. The Color Wheel
– A color wheel shows how colors are related. On a
color wheel, each secondary color is between the
primary colors that are used to make it. Orange is
between red and yellow because orange is made by
mixing red with yellow.
– Intermediate, or tertiary, colors are made by mixing
a primary color with a secondary color that is next
to it. Red-orange, yellow-orange and yellow-green
are some intermediate colors.

5. Complementary Colors
Complementary colors
– sit opposite each other on the color
wheel. Because they are opposites,
they tend to look especially lively when
used together. When you put
complementary colors together, each
color looks more noticeable.
– Red and green are an example of
complementary colors.
Carnation, Lily, Lily, Rose by
John Singer Sargent

6. Analogous Colors
Analogous
– colors sit next to each other on the
color wheel. They tend to look pleasant
together because they are closely
related.
– Orange, yellow-orange, and yellow are
an example of analogous colors.
Sunflowers by Vincent
Van Gogh

7. Neutral Colors
Neutral colors
– don't usually show up on the
color wheel. Neutral colors
include black, white, gray, and
sometimes brown and beige.
They are sometimes called
“earth tones.”
Circus by Georges
Seurat

8. Warm Colors
Warm colors
– are made with red, orange, yellow,
or some combination of these.
Warm colors tend to make you
think of sunlight and warmth.
The Fighting
Temeraire by
William Turner

9. Cool Colors
Cool colors
– are made with blue, green,
purple, or some
combination of these. Cool
colors might make you
think of cool and peaceful
things, like winter skies and
still ponds.
Fields in a Rising
Storm by Vincent
Van Gogh

10. Qualities of
Color

11. There are three qualities which
are used to describe any
one color. These are hue,
saturation, and brightness.

12. Hue
– Hue is
a quality which is used to identify any color under considera
tion, such as red, blue, or yellow.
– Hue, which defines the wavelength of the color,
would be synonymous with frequency, which defines the w
avelength of the radio wave.

13. Saturation
– Saturation is
a measure of the absence of dilution by white light and
can be expressed with terms such as rich, vivid, or pure.
– Saturation defines the purity
of the color, and is synonymous with signal to noise ratio,
which defines the purity of the radio wave.

14. Brightness
– Brightness defines the amount of light energy which is contained within a
given color.
– It is synonymous with amplitude, which defines the amount of energy
in the radio wave.

15.  Brightness is
a characteristic of both white light and color.
 Hue and saturation are characteristics of color only.
 The brightness level of a
color can be changed without changing the saturation

16. Classification
of Colors

17. Hue
– Hue is the term used for the name of any
color, e.g. yellow, orange, red, and blue all
are hues.
– The main property of the color.
– In painting, hue is referred to as pure color.

18. Intensity
– Intensity is the saturation or purity of the
color, its brightness or dullness.
– In other words it’s the force of the color, full
force might be a bright red color.

19. Value
– Value is the lightness or darkness of the
color.
– The lightest value of the color is almost
white and the darkest value is almost black.

20. There are two types of value:
Tint
– describes colors that are near white in value.
Example:
Pink is a tint of red, which means white has been added.
Similarly mauve is the tint of purple.
Shade
– describes colors that are near black in value.
Example:
Navy blue is the shade of blue. Similarly maroon is the
shade of red.

21. Dimensions
of Color

22. A.H. Munsell saw color in terms of its
relationship to other colors, which led him to
develop his 3-dimensional color space
concept. He described color space using objects
with which most people would be familiar, such
as a “color tree” to teach and communicate color
with greater understanding and clarity.

23. Hue Dimension of Color Space
–Hue represents the color itself—red,
yellow, blue, etc.

24. Value Dimension of Color Space
– Value is the one dimension of color space
that can stand alone. Value represents the
lightness or darkness of a given hue.

25. Chroma Dimension of Color Space
– Chroma is often described as the brightness
or saturation of color. Chroma is the least
uniform dimension of color space, because
not all colors can achieve the same level of
chroma.

26. Psychological
Meaning of
Colors

27. There are four psychological primary
colors - red, blue, yellow and green.
They relate respectively to the body,
the mind, the emotions and the
essential balance between these
three. The psychological properties of
the eleven basic colours are as
follows:

28. The Meaning of Colors
– Red is the color of energy, passion, action, ambition and
determination. It is also the color of anger and sexual
passion.
– RED. Physical
Positive: Physical courage, strength, warmth, energy,
basic survival, 'fight or flight', stimulation, masculinity,
excitement.
Negative: Defiance, aggression, visual impact, strain.
Red

29. Blue
- Blue is the color of trust and peace. It can
suggest loyalty and integrity as well as conservatism
and frigidity.
- BLUE. Intellectual.
Positive: Intelligence, communication, trust, efficiency,
serenity, duty, logic, coolness, reflection, calm.
Negative: Coldness, aloofness, lack of emotion,
unfriendliness.

30. Yellow
– Yellow is the color of the mind and the intellect.
It is optimistic and cheerful. However it can also
suggest impatience, criticism and cowardice.
- YELLOW. Emotional
Positive: Optimism, confidence, self-esteem,
extraversion, emotional strength, friendliness,
creativity.
Negative: Irrationality, fear, emotional fragility,
depression, anxiety, suicide.

31. Green
- Green is the color of balance and growth. It can
mean
both self-reliance as a positive and possessiveness as
a
negative, among many other meanings.
- GREEN. Balance
Positive: Harmony, balance, refreshment, universal
love,
rest, restoration, reassurance, environmental
awareness,
equilibrium, peace.
Negative: Boredom, stagnation, blandness,
enervation.

32. – VIOLET. Spiritual
Positive: Spiritual awareness, containment,
vision, luxury, authenticity, truth, quality.
Negative: Introversion, decadence,
suppression, inferiority.
Violet

33. Orange
– Orange is the color of social communication and
optimism. From the negative color meaning it is also a
sign of pessimism and superficiality.
– ORANGE.
Positive: Physical comfort, food, warmth, security,
sensuality, passion, abundance, fun.
Negative: Deprivation, frustration, frivolity, immaturity.

34. Pink
- The color psychology of pink is unconditional love
and nurturing. Pink can also be immature, silly and
girlish.
- PINK.
Positive: Physical tranquility, nurture, warmth,
femininity,
love, sexuality, survival of the species.
Negative: Inhibition, emotional claustrophobia,
emasculation,
physical weakness

35. - From a color psychology perspective, gray is the
color of compromise being neither black nor white, it is
the transition between two non-colors. It is
unemotional and detached and can be indecisive.
- GREY.
Positive: Psychological neutrality.
Negative: Lack of confidence, dampness,
depression,
hibernation, lack of energy.
Gray

36. Black
- Black is the color of the hidden, the secretive
and the unknown, creating an air of mystery. It
keeps things bottled up inside, hidden from the
world.
- BLACK.
Positive: Sophistication, glamour, security,
emotional safety, efficiency, substance.
Negative: Oppression, coldness, menace,
heaviness.

37. - White is color at its most complete and pure, the
color of perfection. The color meaning of white is
purity, innocence, wholeness and completion.
WHITE.
Positive: Hygiene, sterility, clarity, purity, cleanness,
simplicity, sophistication, efficiency.
Negative: Sterility, coldness, barriers, unfriendliness,
elitism.
White

38. Brown
- The color brown is a friendly yet serious,
down-to-earth color that relates to security,
protection, comfort and material wealth.
BROWN.
Positive: Seriousness, warmth, Nature,
earthiness, reliability, support.
Negative: Lack of humour, heaviness, lack
of sophistication.

39. Indigo
- Indigo is the color of intuition. In the meaning of colors it can mean
idealism and structure as well as ritualistic and addictive.
Purple
- Purple is the color of the imagination. It can be creative and
individual or immature and impractical.
Turquoise
- The color meaning of turquoise is communication and clarity of
mind. It can also be impractical and idealistic.

40. Magenta
- In the meaning of colors, magenta is a color of universal harmony and
emotional balance. It is spiritual yet practical, encouraging
common sense and a balanced outlook on life.
Silver
- Silver has a feminine energy; it is related to the moon and
the ebb and flow of the tides - it is fluid, emotional, sensitive
and mysterious.
Gold
- Gold is the color of success, achievement and triumph. Associated
with abundance and prosperity, luxury and quality, prestige and
sophistication, value and elegance, the color psychology of gold
implies affluence, material wealth and extravagance.

41. Thank you
for
listening!!