The document discusses key people and events involved in the colonization of Georgia, including James Oglethorpe who founded the colony of Georgia and established the city of Savannah, the Charter of 1732 that established the colony, and the three main reasons for creating the colony which were charity, economics, and defense. It also discusses the roles of Tomochichi, the Yamacraw chief who allowed settlers to establish Savannah, and Mary Musgrove who helped relations between colonists and Native Americans.
The Gilded Age in the United States lasted from around 1870 to 1900. This period saw massive industrial growth and the rise of large corporations due to new inventions and industries like steel, oil, railroads, and electricity. Inventors like Edison, Bell, the Wright Brothers, and others developed many modern technologies. Business leaders and industrialists like Rockefeller, Carnegie, and Morgan amassed huge fortunes but often used corrupt business practices that angered farmers and workers. Labor unions formed to fight for better conditions but faced opposition. The period was marked by rapid change, wealth accumulation by some, but also corruption and poor conditions for many workers and farmers.
Post-war United States faced rising inflation, race riots, and fear of communism. The Red Scare led to crackdowns on labor unions and immigration restrictions. Prohibition failed to stop drinking and empowered organized crime. Women gained suffrage and new social freedoms as flappers. The Roaring 20s saw economic growth through mass production, consumerism, and credit. New technologies like cars, radios, and airplanes transformed society.
The document discusses the history and background of the Erie Canal, which was built between 1817 and 1825 to connect Lake Erie and the Hudson River. It summarizes that the 363-mile canal took 8 years to complete at a cost of $7,143,000 and over 1,000 workers died building it. The canal reduced shipping costs by 90% and cut travel time in half, allowing Buffalo to rapidly grow as a trade center.
The Populist Party formed in the 1890s in response to economic hardship faced by farmers. They advocated for monetary reforms like bimetallism and opposed the gold standard. The Panic of 1893 exacerbated economic issues and led more people to support Populist ideas. William Jennings Bryan campaigned on the Populist platform in 1896 but lost the presidential election to William McKinley. Though short-lived, the Populist movement brought attention to farmers' issues and established reforms they advocated. The Wizard of Oz has been interpreted as an allegory for Populist ideas through its symbols representing issues like the gold standard.
The Articles of Confederation established the first governing framework for the United States after the Revolutionary War. It created a weak central government with limited powers, reserving most authority for the individual states. While it helped administer the war effort and negotiate the Treaty of Paris, the Articles proved inadequate as problems emerged around financing the nation, foreign relations, and disputes between states. These weaknesses came to a head with events like Shays' Rebellion, ultimately leading delegates to convene the Constitutional Convention to draft a new governing document.
The Roaring Twenties began after World War I as society embraced modernity and broke from tradition. New technologies like automobiles, movies, and radio spread popular culture. The US economy boomed due to government policies, consumerism, and mass production. Women gained more freedom through suffrage and the flapper lifestyle, though faced pressure to marry. Jazz music and dance defined nightlife in the era.
The Progressive Era saw reforms that expanded the role of the government in addressing social problems. Muckrakers highlighted issues through investigative journalism, influencing new laws around food safety and workers' rights. Reformers also aimed to make government more democratic and efficient, including by establishing non-partisan city management and tools for direct public participation like initiatives, referendums, and recalls. The era saw debates around trusts, tariffs, and monetary policy that impacted elections and split the Republican Party.
1. In 1919, the 18th Amendment was passed, prohibiting the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcohol nationwide in order to curb alcohol consumption and change public morality.
2. However, this led to the rise of underground bars called speakeasies and organized crime groups who bootlegged and smuggled alcohol. Gangsters like Al Capone gained power through illegal alcohol distribution.
3. Prohibition was ultimately repealed in 1933 with the passage of the 21st Amendment due to its failure to achieve its moral goals and the economic losses of untaxed alcohol sales.
The Gilded Age in the United States lasted from around 1870 to 1900. This period saw massive industrial growth and the rise of large corporations due to new inventions and industries like steel, oil, railroads, and electricity. Inventors like Edison, Bell, the Wright Brothers, and others developed many modern technologies. Business leaders and industrialists like Rockefeller, Carnegie, and Morgan amassed huge fortunes but often used corrupt business practices that angered farmers and workers. Labor unions formed to fight for better conditions but faced opposition. The period was marked by rapid change, wealth accumulation by some, but also corruption and poor conditions for many workers and farmers.
Post-war United States faced rising inflation, race riots, and fear of communism. The Red Scare led to crackdowns on labor unions and immigration restrictions. Prohibition failed to stop drinking and empowered organized crime. Women gained suffrage and new social freedoms as flappers. The Roaring 20s saw economic growth through mass production, consumerism, and credit. New technologies like cars, radios, and airplanes transformed society.
The document discusses the history and background of the Erie Canal, which was built between 1817 and 1825 to connect Lake Erie and the Hudson River. It summarizes that the 363-mile canal took 8 years to complete at a cost of $7,143,000 and over 1,000 workers died building it. The canal reduced shipping costs by 90% and cut travel time in half, allowing Buffalo to rapidly grow as a trade center.
The Populist Party formed in the 1890s in response to economic hardship faced by farmers. They advocated for monetary reforms like bimetallism and opposed the gold standard. The Panic of 1893 exacerbated economic issues and led more people to support Populist ideas. William Jennings Bryan campaigned on the Populist platform in 1896 but lost the presidential election to William McKinley. Though short-lived, the Populist movement brought attention to farmers' issues and established reforms they advocated. The Wizard of Oz has been interpreted as an allegory for Populist ideas through its symbols representing issues like the gold standard.
The Articles of Confederation established the first governing framework for the United States after the Revolutionary War. It created a weak central government with limited powers, reserving most authority for the individual states. While it helped administer the war effort and negotiate the Treaty of Paris, the Articles proved inadequate as problems emerged around financing the nation, foreign relations, and disputes between states. These weaknesses came to a head with events like Shays' Rebellion, ultimately leading delegates to convene the Constitutional Convention to draft a new governing document.
The Roaring Twenties began after World War I as society embraced modernity and broke from tradition. New technologies like automobiles, movies, and radio spread popular culture. The US economy boomed due to government policies, consumerism, and mass production. Women gained more freedom through suffrage and the flapper lifestyle, though faced pressure to marry. Jazz music and dance defined nightlife in the era.
The Progressive Era saw reforms that expanded the role of the government in addressing social problems. Muckrakers highlighted issues through investigative journalism, influencing new laws around food safety and workers' rights. Reformers also aimed to make government more democratic and efficient, including by establishing non-partisan city management and tools for direct public participation like initiatives, referendums, and recalls. The era saw debates around trusts, tariffs, and monetary policy that impacted elections and split the Republican Party.
1. In 1919, the 18th Amendment was passed, prohibiting the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcohol nationwide in order to curb alcohol consumption and change public morality.
2. However, this led to the rise of underground bars called speakeasies and organized crime groups who bootlegged and smuggled alcohol. Gangsters like Al Capone gained power through illegal alcohol distribution.
3. Prohibition was ultimately repealed in 1933 with the passage of the 21st Amendment due to its failure to achieve its moral goals and the economic losses of untaxed alcohol sales.
President Carter faced many domestic and foreign policy challenges during his presidency from 1977-1981. Domestically, he tried to tackle high inflation and unemployment by developing a national energy policy focused on conservation and alternative energy. However, inflation continued to rise. He had some environmental successes but the Three Mile Island incident increased concerns about nuclear power. In foreign policy, Carter recognized China, pursued arms limitations with the USSR, and brokered the Camp David Accords between Egypt and Israel. However, the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan and Iranian hostage crisis undermined his presidency and contributed to his loss in the 1980 election.
The document provides an overview of several key events and trends in the United States during the 1920s. It describes the post-World War I recession, Red Scare, Palmer Raids, and Sacco and Vanzetti trial. It then summarizes the presidencies of Harding, Coolidge, and Hoover, their support of business and laissez-faire policies. Major factors in 1920s prosperity included the rise of the automobile industry, new mass production technologies, and the age of mass consumption fueled by advertising and consumer credit. However, prosperity was uneven and some groups like farmers and workers faced difficulties. The Temperance movement also led to Prohibition in 1919.
Native American rights movements have a long history beginning from initial European contact through today. In the 19th and 20th centuries, Native Americans increasingly demanded equitable treatment and respect for treaty rights through legal challenges and organizations. The 1960s saw a resurgence of activism influenced by the civil rights movement, including fish-ins and the 18-month occupation of Alcatraz Island. Sovereignty became a main focus in the 1970s, led by groups like the American Indian Movement through protests and standoffs that drew national attention to their causes. Modern Native American activism continues to advocate for land and treaty rights while also addressing environmental, cultural, and economic issues.
The document summarizes the growth of American imperialism between 1890-1915. It discusses factors driving imperialism like economic and military needs. The US expanded its interests through acquisitions like Alaska, Midway Islands, and Hawaii. The Spanish-American War resulted in US control over Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines. The US also gained influence in Latin America and an Open Door policy in China. The Panama Canal furthered American economic and military power in the Pacific and abroad. Debates emerged over the costs and morality of imperialism.
American foreign policy from the Alaska Purchase to the election of Woodrow Wilson, with special emphasis on the Spanish-American War and TR's Big Stick Diplomacy
The document summarizes the early English settlement and development of the southern colonies from 1606-1713. It discusses the founding of Jamestown in 1607 by the London Company, the establishment of tobacco as a cash crop there, and the growth of the system of indentured servitude. It also covers the founding of other southern colonies like Maryland, the Carolinas, and Georgia, the shift to slavery as the main labor source, and events like Bacon's Rebellion that shaped the colonial south.
The Missouri Compromise of 1820 balanced the number of free and slave states by admitting Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state. It also prohibited slavery in territories north of the 36°30' parallel, excluding Missouri. This compromise temporarily resolved the issue of the expansion of slavery but increased sectional tensions and ultimately failed to prevent the Civil War.
Eli Whitney, known for his invention of the Cotton Gin, was a key player in U.S. History.
USH Project. (Sorry for the lines; don't know how they got there.)
The Progressive Era saw reforms from 1890-1920 to address problems from industrialization, urbanization, and immigration. Progressives sought to increase democracy, regulate corporations, and promote social justice. They used government action and experts to implement reforms. At the municipal level, reforms included stronger mayors and professionalizing social work. States enacted reforms like the secret ballot, child labor laws, and women's suffrage. Nationally, Roosevelt was a "trust-buster" while Taft and Wilson passed more progressive policies. Women and African Americans also advocated for greater rights in this era.
Pullman, the man who owned the town named after him, is seen as a problem for the community. He has ownership over the houses, school, and churches in the town. While Pullman once had a humble name, he has grown to have too much control over the town named after him.
Hogan's History- Great Depression & the New Deal William Hogan
Herbert Hoover became president in 1929 as the stock market was collapsing, marking the beginning of the Great Depression. Hoover opposed large-scale government intervention but massive unemployment and poverty overwhelmed the country. Franklin Roosevelt was elected in 1932, promising a New Deal program of relief, recovery, and reform. The New Deal included programs like the CCC, AAA, FDIC, SEC, and Social Security to provide jobs, stabilize agriculture and banking, and establish a social safety net. While controversial, the New Deal helped lift the US economy and established greater government responsibility for the welfare of citizens.
The document summarizes the Populist Movement of the 1880s-1890s in the United States. Key aspects included angry farmers forming the Populist Party to protest economic problems affecting many groups. The 1890s experienced the worst economic depression at that time. The Populist Platform advocated for ideas like free silver and women's suffrage. William Jennings Bryan and Mary Elizabeth Lease were important Populist figures. The Wizard of Oz can be seen as a political allegory representing these tensions through its characters. The Panic of 1893 exacerbated the economic problems, but recovery began before Congress passed relief measures as demand increased in Europe.
The document discusses the various motivations and factors that drove United States expansion westward in the 19th century. Key reasons included the spread of American beliefs and civilization through missionary work; the need for access to ports on the Pacific Ocean and Gulf of Mexico for trade; the beginnings of the Industrial Revolution creating demand for resources and farmland; and a belief in "Manifest Destiny" that America was destined to expand across the continent. Critics argued that this expansion displaced Native Americans and was often justified through racist ideologies.
Dred Scott sued John Sanford claiming he was a free citizen as he had lived above the 36'30 parallel line in Missouri where the Missouri Compromise declared slaves were free. John Sanford argued that Scott was not a U.S. citizen because he was black and therefore could not sue in federal court. The Supreme Court ruled in favor of Sanford, finding that Scott was not a citizen and the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional, upholding slavery and property rights over slaves.
This document provides an overview of slavery and the Old South from the early 1800s through the Civil War era. Some key points:
- By 1860, there were over 4 million slaves in the US, concentrated primarily in the cotton-producing states of the Deep South where they made up around half the population. The slave population had grown dramatically since the initial importation of 20 Africans in the early 1600s.
- The economy of the Old South was deeply dependent on slavery and the cultivation of cotton, known as "King Cotton." The South produced most of the world's cotton supply, which was the United States' most valuable export.
- Slavery shaped every aspect of Southern society, which was
This covers all of how America got into World War One through how we helped end the war in Europe. It also at the end discusses the treaty of Versailles.
This document summarizes key events of the Great Depression and World War II. It discusses the causes of the Great Depression, including the stock market crash of 1929 and failure of the federal government to lower interest rates. It also outlines President Roosevelt's New Deal programs to provide relief and reform the economy. Additionally, it covers the causes of WWII such as Germany's invasion of Poland and Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor. Major events of the war are described like D-Day and the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki that led to Japan's surrender. The document concludes by examining the impact of WWII on American life through rationing and increased roles of women in the workforce.
1) Germany's unrestricted submarine warfare led to the sinking of American ships, outraging public opinion in the US.
2) The Zimmerman Telegram was intercepted, revealing a German plot to ally with Mexico against the US if it entered the war.
3) In April 1917, after these provocations, President Wilson asked Congress to declare war on Germany and the US joined World War I on the side of the Allies.
The First Continental Congress met in Philadelphia from September 5 to October 26, 1774. Delegates from 12 of the 13 colonies attended except Georgia. They were united in showing a combined authority to Great Britain. The Congress drafted a statement of grievances against 13 Acts of Parliament passed since 1763 that violated colonial rights based on natural law and English principles. They voted to boycott British goods and trade and endorsed the Suffolk Resolves prepared in Massachusetts that called for arming militias against the British, foreshadowing the coming war in the spring.
Women's roles expanded significantly during the early 20th century. During World War I, many women took jobs in factories and as nurses for the first time while men were deployed. After the war, they continued to work in greater numbers outside the home. This led to demands for better wages and women's suffrage. In 1920, the 19th amendment was passed, guaranteeing women the right to vote. In the 1920s, women gained further rights while cultural changes challenged traditional views of women's roles, as new fashions and activities made women's lives less domestic and more focused on social life and individual expression.
The document discusses Georgia's colonial history during the Trustee Period from 1732-1752. It emphasizes the roles of key groups in colonizing Georgia, including the Salzburgers, who established the town of Ebenezer for religious freedom, and the Highland Scots, who founded Darien and helped defend the colony militarily against the Spanish threat from Florida. The Spanish attempted to invade Georgia during the War of Jenkins' Ear, but were defeated by General Oglethorpe and colonial forces at the Battle of Bloody Marsh in 1742. The document also mentions the malcontents, settlers who were unhappy with the Trustees' rules prohibiting slavery, large land ownership, and rum.
The document summarizes the founding of Georgia by the British in the early 18th century. It was established in 1733 by General James Oglethorpe as a buffer colony between South Carolina and Spanish Florida. The colony was governed by 21 trustees and had the stated goals of relieving unemployment, providing resources for Britain, and defense. Unstated was providing a home for persecuted Protestants. The document outlines the establishment of Savannah and other settlements, conflicts over land ownership restrictions and slavery bans imposed by the trustees, and wars with Spain in the 1730s-40s. In 1752, Georgia became a royal colony under direct control of the British crown.
President Carter faced many domestic and foreign policy challenges during his presidency from 1977-1981. Domestically, he tried to tackle high inflation and unemployment by developing a national energy policy focused on conservation and alternative energy. However, inflation continued to rise. He had some environmental successes but the Three Mile Island incident increased concerns about nuclear power. In foreign policy, Carter recognized China, pursued arms limitations with the USSR, and brokered the Camp David Accords between Egypt and Israel. However, the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan and Iranian hostage crisis undermined his presidency and contributed to his loss in the 1980 election.
The document provides an overview of several key events and trends in the United States during the 1920s. It describes the post-World War I recession, Red Scare, Palmer Raids, and Sacco and Vanzetti trial. It then summarizes the presidencies of Harding, Coolidge, and Hoover, their support of business and laissez-faire policies. Major factors in 1920s prosperity included the rise of the automobile industry, new mass production technologies, and the age of mass consumption fueled by advertising and consumer credit. However, prosperity was uneven and some groups like farmers and workers faced difficulties. The Temperance movement also led to Prohibition in 1919.
Native American rights movements have a long history beginning from initial European contact through today. In the 19th and 20th centuries, Native Americans increasingly demanded equitable treatment and respect for treaty rights through legal challenges and organizations. The 1960s saw a resurgence of activism influenced by the civil rights movement, including fish-ins and the 18-month occupation of Alcatraz Island. Sovereignty became a main focus in the 1970s, led by groups like the American Indian Movement through protests and standoffs that drew national attention to their causes. Modern Native American activism continues to advocate for land and treaty rights while also addressing environmental, cultural, and economic issues.
The document summarizes the growth of American imperialism between 1890-1915. It discusses factors driving imperialism like economic and military needs. The US expanded its interests through acquisitions like Alaska, Midway Islands, and Hawaii. The Spanish-American War resulted in US control over Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines. The US also gained influence in Latin America and an Open Door policy in China. The Panama Canal furthered American economic and military power in the Pacific and abroad. Debates emerged over the costs and morality of imperialism.
American foreign policy from the Alaska Purchase to the election of Woodrow Wilson, with special emphasis on the Spanish-American War and TR's Big Stick Diplomacy
The document summarizes the early English settlement and development of the southern colonies from 1606-1713. It discusses the founding of Jamestown in 1607 by the London Company, the establishment of tobacco as a cash crop there, and the growth of the system of indentured servitude. It also covers the founding of other southern colonies like Maryland, the Carolinas, and Georgia, the shift to slavery as the main labor source, and events like Bacon's Rebellion that shaped the colonial south.
The Missouri Compromise of 1820 balanced the number of free and slave states by admitting Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state. It also prohibited slavery in territories north of the 36°30' parallel, excluding Missouri. This compromise temporarily resolved the issue of the expansion of slavery but increased sectional tensions and ultimately failed to prevent the Civil War.
Eli Whitney, known for his invention of the Cotton Gin, was a key player in U.S. History.
USH Project. (Sorry for the lines; don't know how they got there.)
The Progressive Era saw reforms from 1890-1920 to address problems from industrialization, urbanization, and immigration. Progressives sought to increase democracy, regulate corporations, and promote social justice. They used government action and experts to implement reforms. At the municipal level, reforms included stronger mayors and professionalizing social work. States enacted reforms like the secret ballot, child labor laws, and women's suffrage. Nationally, Roosevelt was a "trust-buster" while Taft and Wilson passed more progressive policies. Women and African Americans also advocated for greater rights in this era.
Pullman, the man who owned the town named after him, is seen as a problem for the community. He has ownership over the houses, school, and churches in the town. While Pullman once had a humble name, he has grown to have too much control over the town named after him.
Hogan's History- Great Depression & the New Deal William Hogan
Herbert Hoover became president in 1929 as the stock market was collapsing, marking the beginning of the Great Depression. Hoover opposed large-scale government intervention but massive unemployment and poverty overwhelmed the country. Franklin Roosevelt was elected in 1932, promising a New Deal program of relief, recovery, and reform. The New Deal included programs like the CCC, AAA, FDIC, SEC, and Social Security to provide jobs, stabilize agriculture and banking, and establish a social safety net. While controversial, the New Deal helped lift the US economy and established greater government responsibility for the welfare of citizens.
The document summarizes the Populist Movement of the 1880s-1890s in the United States. Key aspects included angry farmers forming the Populist Party to protest economic problems affecting many groups. The 1890s experienced the worst economic depression at that time. The Populist Platform advocated for ideas like free silver and women's suffrage. William Jennings Bryan and Mary Elizabeth Lease were important Populist figures. The Wizard of Oz can be seen as a political allegory representing these tensions through its characters. The Panic of 1893 exacerbated the economic problems, but recovery began before Congress passed relief measures as demand increased in Europe.
The document discusses the various motivations and factors that drove United States expansion westward in the 19th century. Key reasons included the spread of American beliefs and civilization through missionary work; the need for access to ports on the Pacific Ocean and Gulf of Mexico for trade; the beginnings of the Industrial Revolution creating demand for resources and farmland; and a belief in "Manifest Destiny" that America was destined to expand across the continent. Critics argued that this expansion displaced Native Americans and was often justified through racist ideologies.
Dred Scott sued John Sanford claiming he was a free citizen as he had lived above the 36'30 parallel line in Missouri where the Missouri Compromise declared slaves were free. John Sanford argued that Scott was not a U.S. citizen because he was black and therefore could not sue in federal court. The Supreme Court ruled in favor of Sanford, finding that Scott was not a citizen and the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional, upholding slavery and property rights over slaves.
This document provides an overview of slavery and the Old South from the early 1800s through the Civil War era. Some key points:
- By 1860, there were over 4 million slaves in the US, concentrated primarily in the cotton-producing states of the Deep South where they made up around half the population. The slave population had grown dramatically since the initial importation of 20 Africans in the early 1600s.
- The economy of the Old South was deeply dependent on slavery and the cultivation of cotton, known as "King Cotton." The South produced most of the world's cotton supply, which was the United States' most valuable export.
- Slavery shaped every aspect of Southern society, which was
This covers all of how America got into World War One through how we helped end the war in Europe. It also at the end discusses the treaty of Versailles.
This document summarizes key events of the Great Depression and World War II. It discusses the causes of the Great Depression, including the stock market crash of 1929 and failure of the federal government to lower interest rates. It also outlines President Roosevelt's New Deal programs to provide relief and reform the economy. Additionally, it covers the causes of WWII such as Germany's invasion of Poland and Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor. Major events of the war are described like D-Day and the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki that led to Japan's surrender. The document concludes by examining the impact of WWII on American life through rationing and increased roles of women in the workforce.
1) Germany's unrestricted submarine warfare led to the sinking of American ships, outraging public opinion in the US.
2) The Zimmerman Telegram was intercepted, revealing a German plot to ally with Mexico against the US if it entered the war.
3) In April 1917, after these provocations, President Wilson asked Congress to declare war on Germany and the US joined World War I on the side of the Allies.
The First Continental Congress met in Philadelphia from September 5 to October 26, 1774. Delegates from 12 of the 13 colonies attended except Georgia. They were united in showing a combined authority to Great Britain. The Congress drafted a statement of grievances against 13 Acts of Parliament passed since 1763 that violated colonial rights based on natural law and English principles. They voted to boycott British goods and trade and endorsed the Suffolk Resolves prepared in Massachusetts that called for arming militias against the British, foreshadowing the coming war in the spring.
Women's roles expanded significantly during the early 20th century. During World War I, many women took jobs in factories and as nurses for the first time while men were deployed. After the war, they continued to work in greater numbers outside the home. This led to demands for better wages and women's suffrage. In 1920, the 19th amendment was passed, guaranteeing women the right to vote. In the 1920s, women gained further rights while cultural changes challenged traditional views of women's roles, as new fashions and activities made women's lives less domestic and more focused on social life and individual expression.
The document discusses Georgia's colonial history during the Trustee Period from 1732-1752. It emphasizes the roles of key groups in colonizing Georgia, including the Salzburgers, who established the town of Ebenezer for religious freedom, and the Highland Scots, who founded Darien and helped defend the colony militarily against the Spanish threat from Florida. The Spanish attempted to invade Georgia during the War of Jenkins' Ear, but were defeated by General Oglethorpe and colonial forces at the Battle of Bloody Marsh in 1742. The document also mentions the malcontents, settlers who were unhappy with the Trustees' rules prohibiting slavery, large land ownership, and rum.
The document summarizes the founding of Georgia by the British in the early 18th century. It was established in 1733 by General James Oglethorpe as a buffer colony between South Carolina and Spanish Florida. The colony was governed by 21 trustees and had the stated goals of relieving unemployment, providing resources for Britain, and defense. Unstated was providing a home for persecuted Protestants. The document outlines the establishment of Savannah and other settlements, conflicts over land ownership restrictions and slavery bans imposed by the trustees, and wars with Spain in the 1730s-40s. In 1752, Georgia became a royal colony under direct control of the British crown.
Hernando De Soto explored Georgia in 1540 searching for gold but found none. He and his men overwhelmed native peoples with weapons and horses, introducing smallpox that killed thousands. In the late 1600s, England began establishing colonies along the Atlantic coast and wanted a buffer colony between Spanish Florida and their other colonies, leading to the founding of Georgia in the 1730s. James Oglethorpe and others established the colony, founding the city of Savannah along a planned grid. Early colonists struggled but more immigrants arrived, and the colony grew and transitioned to practices like slavery and large plantations.
The document summarizes the early history of European settlement in Georgia. It describes how the Salzburgers, a group of German Protestants, immigrated to Georgia in 1734 seeking religious freedom and established the town of Ebenezer. It also discusses how 177 Scottish soldiers known as the Highland Scots established the town of Darien in 1736 to help defend the colony from Spanish threats. The Highland Scots were successful in establishing timber and cattle industries. Oglethorpe's recruitment of these groups helped fortify Georgia against Spanish attacks.
Colonization - Early American Culture slides.pptxnataliemorgan26
The document summarizes early colonization efforts in North and South America by European powers between the 15th-18th centuries. It discusses how Spain relied on conquistadors to explore the New World for land and wealth, granting them encomiendas over indigenous peoples. It also describes how Portugal focused on sugar plantations using African slaves, and how the fur trade drove French, English, and Dutch colonization of North America. The document outlines the founding of colonies like Jamestown, Plymouth, and Massachusetts Bay, and discusses challenges faced by early settlers as well as the spread of slavery.
The document summarizes England's growing imperial ambitions in North America in the late 1500s and early 1600s. It discusses early failed English colonization attempts and the founding of Jamestown in 1607. It then outlines the development of the early English colonies in North America, including the establishment of joint-stock companies, the growth of tobacco cultivation, the introduction of slavery from the West Indies, and the founding of other colonies like Maryland, the Carolinas, and Georgia through the 1700s.
Here are 3 key differences between the Northern and Southern colonies:
1. Environment/Geography/Climate: The Northern colonies had colder climates with rocky soil not well-suited for large-scale agriculture, while the Southern colonies had warmer climates with fertile, flat land well-suited for large plantations.
2. Agriculture: The Northern colonies focused on small family farms and fishing/trade, while the Southern colonies specialized in large-scale cash crop plantations like tobacco and rice that relied heavily on slave labor.
3. Manufacturing: The Northern colonies had more manufacturing and industry like shipbuilding and mills, while the Southern colonies focused mainly on agricultural production and had less manufacturing.
The document provides information about life for early settlers in colonial Georgia. It describes the founding of the Ebenezer settlement by Salzburger Lutherans in 1734. The Salzburgers experienced hardship and disease as they established their community under the leadership of Minister John Martin Boltzius. They followed strict church regulations. Though conditions were difficult, the Salzburgers became successful farmers and the Ebenezer community grew. The document also discusses the introduction and growth of slavery in Georgia from the 1730s onward and the slave codes passed to control the behavior of enslaved people.
2 Dying and Surviving in VirginiaHISTORICAL CONTEXTHistorians .docxtamicawaysmith
2 Dying and Surviving in Virginia
HISTORICAL CONTEXT
Historians are detectives, storytellers, and occasionally, mythmakers. As detectives we search for clues about past events, ideas, or people that interest us. Generally, we gather these clues from documents that, by either planning or happenstance, have survived the ravages of time. From a study of these documents—a task that involves discounting some evidence in order to make sense of the whole—we attempt to piece together a meaningful story.
Often the stories we tell provoke interest only among other lovers of history. Some accounts temporarily gain wide popularity but are soon forgotten. On rare occasions, however, narratives of the past (or more likely, retold, simplified versions of an original tale) evoke broad, enduring emotional responses. These accounts are passed forward from generation to generation and become ingrained in the collective memory of a people. Citizens who fail to understand them are considered alien or culturally illiterate. At some point these enduring stories may transcend history and enter the realm of “myth.” In labeling a story a myth, we are not implying that it is necessarily untrue. Rather, we simply mean that the story has become a traditional tale, shared by all members of a community, that purports to explain the origins, customs, and institutions of a people.
The early history of Virginia has become an American myth. Most of us can recall stories about Jamestown, the first permanent English colony in America. We can recite tales learned in childhood about Captain John Smith, the savior of the colony, who transformed the lazy colonists into hardened work crews. We remember the man, if not the name, of Powhatan, the powerful Algonquian chief who shared the secret of growing corn with the early colonists. And we remember Pocahontas, the Algonquian princess who pleaded with her father to spare the life of John Smith, and who later married the Englishman John Rolfe and converted to his Christian religion.
Augmenting these real-life adventures of daring individuals is the inspirational collective history of the colony. Established as a business enterprise, early Jamestown was the property of Virginia Company stockholders who risked their personal assets in pursuit of profit. While their original plan to find gold failed, the stockholders learned from their mistakes, altered their policies, and prepared the way for future investors to extract great wealth from Virginia’s plentiful tobacco harvests. Moreover, in 1619, the company instituted the House of Burgesses in Virginia and thereby planted in American soil the seed of democratic government. Altogether, the colony of Jamestown overcame early setbacks, survived, and left a grand legacy for the American people. More than simply England’s first permanent colony in the New World, Jamestown has become for many a symbol of American achievement. It was a place where courageous and enterprising individuals overcame ...
The document provides background information on early colonial America, including:
1) The founding and struggles of the first English colony at Jamestown, Virginia in 1607, including the "starving times" where many colonists died.
2) How tobacco became a profitable cash crop in Virginia and shaped its economy and society, leading to the use of indentured servants and later slaves.
3) The founding and development of other English colonies including Maryland, the Carolinas, and Georgia in the 1600s-1700s.
4) Conflicts between colonists and Native Americans over land, including Bacon's Rebellion in 1676.
5) The emergence of slavery as the labor system of the
This document provides an overview of Georgia's geography, history, government, and laws. It discusses Georgia's physiographic regions, key physical features, and climate. It summarizes the state's colonial history under James Oglethorpe and the Trustees and as a Royal colony. It also outlines the American Revolution in Georgia and the establishment of Georgia's first constitution. Finally, it describes Georgia's current state constitution, three branches of government, voting requirements, and local governments.
The document provides information about the 13 original colonies in British North America:
- The colonies are divided into three regions: New England (Connecticut, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, New Hampshire), Middle (New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware), and Southern (Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia).
- Each region had distinct economies and populations. The New England colonies focused on farming, fishing, and shipbuilding. The Middle colonies welcomed religious diversity and had important port cities. The Southern colonies' economies centered around plantation agriculture and slave labor.
The document summarizes the 13 original colonies in British North America, dividing them into three regional groups: New England Colonies (Rhode Island, Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Hampshire), Middle Colonies (Delaware, Pennsylvania, New York, New Jersey), and Southern Colonies (Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia). It describes the religious, economic, and social attributes of each colony, including their dominant industries, crops, and role of slavery. It also discusses the triangular trade route between North America, England, and Africa and the religious Great Awakening movement led by preachers Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield in the colonial period.
HIS 156 Lecture 2- The Bonds of EmpireScott Wagner
This document outlines the key differences between New England and Chesapeake Bay societies from 1660-1750. New England had higher education levels, tighter-knit communities centered around meeting houses, and stronger family units. The Chesapeake Bay region relied heavily on tobacco cultivation and the use of indentured servants and slaves on spread out plantations. Mercantilist policies strengthened economic and political ties between Britain and its American colonies. The Enlightenment encouraged rational thought while the Great Awakening sparked religious revivalism.
The document summarizes the settlement and development of America between 1700-1763. It describes how explorers and settlers from Spain, France, and England arrived for different reasons, with the English seeking religious freedom and opportunity. By 1740, the colonies had developed distinct social and political differences. The French and Indian War helped the colonies unite against a common enemy and produced leaders like Washington and Franklin. However, Britain's attempts to tax the colonies to repay war debts without representation led to growing tensions.
The document summarizes the 13 original colonies in British North America, dividing them into three regional groups: New England Colonies (Rhode Island, Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Hampshire), Middle Colonies (Delaware, Pennsylvania, New York, New Jersey), and Southern Colonies (Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia). It describes the religious, economic, and agricultural attributes of each colony. It also discusses the triangular slave trade between North America, Africa, and the West Indies, as well as the religious Great Awakening movement led by preachers Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield in the 1730s-1770s.
The document provides information about the early inhabitants and history of South Carolina. It describes the Cherokee and Catawba Native American tribes who lived in the region, detailing their way of life including housing, farming, trade, and governance structure. It also discusses the European exploration of South Carolina in the 16th and 17th centuries by Spain, France and England, and the establishment of the first colonies including Charles Town. Slavery is introduced as the practice of owning people as property and forcing them to work on plantations growing cash crops.
The document discusses the causes of the American Revolution and its effects on Georgia. It describes the policy of salutary neglect that allowed the colonies autonomy until the French and Indian War from 1754 to 1761. This war led Britain to impose taxes on the colonies through acts like the Sugar Act, Stamp Act, and Townshend Acts to pay for war debts. The taxes angered colonists and led to growing calls of "no taxation without representation," fueling rebellion across the colonies including in Georgia where some burned effigies to protest taxation.
The document provides an overview of English colonization in North America, beginning with their initial motives for profit and copying of the Spanish model. It then discusses the large numbers of English men and women who intended to stay permanently and establish farming colonies. Two key factors that drove many English to migrate were population growth in England and the English Reformation. The founding of Jamestown and Virginia colony is described, noting early struggles. The document also summarizes the founding of New England colonies by Puritans seeking religious freedom. It discusses the development of slavery and differences between the Chesapeake and New England colonies.
Maryland was founded by English Catholics seeking religious freedom led by George Calvert. It was carefully planned to avoid failure. Tobacco became a major cash crop, though most colonists struggled as indentured servants on farms. In 1649, Maryland passed the Toleration Act allowing religious freedom for Christians. Colonists then moved south, establishing the Carolinas with a written constitution. The colony became too large and split into North and South Carolina. Georgia was founded to gain control of the area, settling debtors who had to defend the land but could start anew, though slavery was eventually allowed and plantations increased. Settlers also moved westward for more land.
The American Civil War and It's Impact on GeorgiaCoachPinto
The document provides an overview of key Civil War events in Georgia including Antietam, the Emancipation Proclamation, Gettysburg, Chickamauga, the Union blockade of Georgia's coast, Sherman's Atlanta Campaign, Sherman's March to the Sea, and Andersonville prison. It discusses the secession of southern states, early battles like Fort Sumter, key leaders, and how the war increasingly impacted Georgia through major battles, Sherman's invasion and march, and the infamous Andersonville prison.
The document provides an overview of the key causes of the American Civil War, including sectionalism between the industrial North and agricultural South, debates over states' rights in relation to slavery, the Tariff of Abomination and Nullification Crisis, the westward expansion and debates over whether new states would be slave or free, and compromises like the Missouri Compromise and Compromise of 1850 that attempted to balance the number of slave and free states. Violence erupted in Kansas over popular sovereignty, and the Supreme Court's Dred Scott decision further inflamed tensions before the election of Abraham Lincoln led southern states to secede and form the Confederacy.
The document provides background on the French and Indian War and its aftermath, which increased tensions between the British colonies in America and Britain and ultimately led to the American Revolution. It discusses several Acts passed by Britain to raise revenue from the colonies after accumulating debt from the war, including the Stamp Act, Townshend Acts, and Intolerable Acts. It also covers key events that provoked colonial resistance like the Boston Tea Party. The colonies increasingly united in opposition to British policies perceived as a violation of their rights.
After settlers moved into Native American lands following the American Revolution, conflict arose between settlers and the Cherokee and Creek tribes located in Georgia. The Cherokee adapted more to white culture than other tribes, living in houses, farming, and owning slaves. In the 1820s, gold was discovered on Cherokee land, attracting over 10,000 settlers. Georgia then passed laws denying Cherokee rights to their lands. This led to the Cherokee's forced removal to Oklahoma along the "Trail of Tears" in 1838, despite the objections of Cherokee leader John Ross.
Georgia expanded westward in the late 18th and early 19th centuries as settlers moved into Native American lands and the headright system distributed land to white settlers. The invention of the cotton gin and widespread distribution of land through the land lottery system led to the growth of cotton plantations and a major increase in the slave population in Georgia. By 1860, there were nearly 500,000 slaves working on Georgia's cotton fields.
The Articles of Confederation was the first system of government used by the United States after declaring independence. It established a weak central government with limited powers and no authority to tax, while states retained most control. Recognizing its ineffectiveness, delegates met at the Constitutional Convention and created a new constitution establishing a stronger federal government with three branches and a system of checks and balances between national and state powers.
The document summarizes the Spanish exploration of North America, including the establishment of missions to convert Native Americans to Catholicism. It describes Hernando de Soto as the first European to extensively explore the interior of the southeastern United States, though his expedition brutally attacked and enslaved many Native villages in search of gold. The Spanish missions had varying success over 100 years but ultimately failed as the British aided Native Americans in expelling the Spanish from Georgia.
The Mississippian Indians rose to power between 800-1600 AD in what is now Georgia and developed large villages around temple mounds. They grew crops like maize, beans, squash and used increasingly complex stone and bone tools. Their civilization declined due to diseases introduced by European explorers which devastated populations, and the desire for European goods caused social disruption and the breakup of chiefdoms.
The Woodland Indians lived between 1000 BC and 800 AD along the East Coast. They developed farming techniques like clearing fields with stone tools and grooved axes. They began planting and harvesting crops, and storing excess food for winter. They also developed bows and arrows for hunting larger game. The Woodland Indians started forming tribes that settled along streams and rivers, building protective walls around their villages and storage areas. They were among the first to develop pottery, farming, and burial mounds for their dead, and believed in an afterlife.
The document provides information on the early peoples of North America from the Paleo-Indian period through the Archaic period. It describes how the Paleo-Indians migrated from Asia across the Bering land bridge around 12,000 years ago and hunted large ice age animals. As the climate warmed, the Archaic period began, in which Native Americans adapted to forest environments, formed settled groups, and began basic agriculture and trade between regions. Archaeologists study artifacts left behind to understand prehistoric cultures and their ways of life.
The document discusses the history and development of transportation systems in Georgia, including:
- The interstate highway system which began in 1956 and was inspired by the autobahns Eisenhower saw in Germany. It includes over 1,200 miles of interstates and helps connect cities and drive the state's economy.
- Hartsfield-Jackson International Airport, which was a significant economic driver for Georgia and now one of the world's busiest. It employs over 55,000 people and generates billions for the state's economy.
- The port cities of Savannah and Brunswick, with the earliest exports being silk and then cotton. The Georgia Ports Authority now oversees deepwater ports and supports international trade.
Coca-Cola was invented in 1886 by John Pemberton as a cocaine-based syrup sold as a headache remedy. Asa Candler bought the company in 1892 and began aggressively marketing it as a refreshing drink. Under the leadership of Ernest and Robert Woodruff, who bought the company in 1919, Coca-Cola expanded globally and became an iconic brand, introducing innovations like the cardboard bottle carrier and vending machines. Georgia Pacific was founded in 1927 and has grown to become a leading manufacturer of paper products, building materials, and chemicals, employing over 55,000 worldwide. Delta Air Lines began as a crop dusting company in 1924 before launching passenger flights in 1929 and moving its headquarters to Atlanta in 1941. Today it
Weather varies day to day while climate remains stable over long periods. Temperature, precipitation, wind, wind currents, and ocean currents all influence Georgia's climate. Temperature is usually comfortable for farming and industry, while precipitation aids crop and forest growth but droughts hurt the economy. Winds shape weather patterns and currents helped early explorers.
Importance of Key Physical Features in GeorgiaCoachPinto
The document summarizes several key physical features in Georgia and their importance:
The Fall Line marks the boundary between the Piedmont and Coastal Plains regions, containing many waterfalls that caused travel issues historically. Cities like Columbus, Macon, Milledgeville, and Augusta became centers of commerce where rivers crossed the Fall Line.
The Okefenokee Swamp is the largest swamp in North America, protecting over 400 species of animals. It was made a national wildlife refuge in 1937 to prevent logging of old-growth trees.
The southern Appalachian Mountains extend through Georgia, containing the state's highest point. The mountains receive over 80 inches of rain annually, providing important fresh water
Themes and Enduring Understandings 8th GradeCoachPinto
This document provides an overview of the 8th grade Georgia Studies curriculum. It will focus on the historic development of the area from prehistoric times to the present using nine themes: (1) Conflict and Change; (2) Distribution of Power; (3) Governance; (4) Individuals Groups and Institutions; (5) Location; (6) Movement and Migration; (7) Production, Distribution, and Consumption; (8) Rule of Law; and (9) Technological Innovation. For each theme, students will learn an "enduring understanding," which are broad ideas that can be applied to many historical situations and events. The themes and enduring understandings are meant to help students make connections between what
The document discusses several changes that occurred in Georgia's political landscape in the 1960s and beyond. Specifically:
1) A rural-dominated voting system that allowed a minority of voters to control the state government was ruled unconstitutional in 1962, shifting political power to more populated urban areas over time.
2) Jimmy Carter served as Georgia's governor from 1971-1975 and accomplished desegregation and government reforms before being elected as the 39th U.S. President in 1976.
3) Hosting the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta brought infrastructure improvements and economic benefits but was marred by a terrorist bombing in Centennial Olympic Park that killed one person.
The document discusses key events and organizations in the civil rights movement from the 1960s-1970s in Georgia. It describes the founding of SNCC to encourage non-violent protest through boycotts and sit-ins. It also discusses legal battles over school desegregation, including the Sibley Commission and integration of the University of Georgia. Major protests and leaders mentioned include the Albany Movement, the March on Washington, Maynard Jackson as Atlanta's first black mayor, and Andrew Young's civil rights and political careers.
Modern Civil Rights 40's, 50's, 60's, and 70'sCoachPinto
If I could have lunch with one civil rights leader, I would choose to meet Martin Luther King Jr. He was such an inspirational leader of the non-violent civil rights movement. I would have loved to ask him about his strategies for enacting change through peaceful protest. I'm fascinated by his ability to deliver speeches that moved and motivated so many people to join the fight for racial equality. I think lunch with Dr. King would have provided a unique opportunity to learn more about his vision for an integrated society with equal rights and opportunities for all. Meeting him would have been a chance to better understand how one person can make such a profound impact through courageous leadership and commitment to justice.
I would have liked to meet Martin Luther King Jr. because he was such an inspirational leader of the civil rights movement. As the leader of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference and organizer of many non-violent protests, he played a pivotal role in fighting for racial equality and ending legalized segregation. I think it would have been fascinating to hear him speak about his vision for a just society where people are judged by the content of their character rather than the color of their skin. I also would have enjoyed learning more about his philosophy of non-violent civil disobedience as a means to enact social change. Meeting King would have given me a unique perspective on the challenges of the civil rights era and better understanding of how one person can make
1. SS8H2a
Explain the importance of James
Oglethorpe, the Charter of 1732, reasons for
settlement (charity, economics, and
defense), Tomochichi, Mary Musgrove, and
the city of Savannah.
Concepts:
Movement / Migration
Individuals – Groups – Institutions
2. COLONIZATION of GEORGIA
SS8H2a
ESSENTIAL QUESTION
What were the three main
reasons for creating the
colony of Georgia?
3. EQ: What were the three main reasons
for creating the colony of Georgia?
CHARITY
REASONS FOR
ECONOMICS COLONIZING
GEORGIA
DEFENSE
4. COLONIZATION of GEORGIA
SS8H2a
ESSENTIAL QUESTION
What was important about the
Charter of 1732?
5. CHARTER OF 1732
• WHO: King George II, James Oglethorpe, 20
trustees, total of 115 colonists
• WHAT: Document to start a colony in Georgia
• WHEN: 1732
• WHERE: All land between Altamaha and
Savannah Rivers to the south seas, Town of
Savannah on Yamacraw Bluff
• WHY: 1) protection from Spanish, French, and
Native Americans, 2) provide resources for
Britain, 3) populate the colony with “worthy poor”
6.
7. THE TRUSTEES
Twenty one men
(including James
Oglethorpe) who were
the founders of the
Georgia colony. They
negotiated treaties with
the Native Americans,
made regulations
(guideline or rules) about
what the colonists could
and could not do. They
were entrusted by King
George II to manage the
colony of Georgia.
8. • Georgia as a Trustee Colony:
• 21 Trustees in charge for 20 years
• They could not own land, hold office, get paid.
• Looked for industrious skilled workers who were down on
their luck. (Debtors)
• The trustees hoped the settlers would produce wine and silk to
send back to England.
• New settlers had to plant mulberry trees for the raising of
silkworms .
9. Not everyone was
welcome in Georgia
Liquor
Rum
Blacks
Can you guess why?
Refer to page 116 in your text
(Georgia and the American
Experience) Lawyers
Catholics
10. Strict Rules for the Colonists
• No slaves were allowed in the
colony.
• No rum or other liquor was
allowed.
• Land was limited to 50 acres
per family.
11. COLONIZATION of GEORGIA
SS8H2a
ESSENTIAL QUESTION
What role did James
Oglethorpe, Tomochichi, and
Mary Musgrove play in the
colonization of Georgia?
12. EQ: What role did James Oglethorpe, Tomochichi, and
Mary Musgrove play in the colonization of Georgia?
Tomochichi Mary Musgrove James Oglethorpe
Chief of the Yamacraw Indians. Daughter of an English Englishman who founded
Became friends with Oglethorpe trader and Creek Indian the colony of Georgia and
and allowed colonists to settle mother. She served as a built the city of Savannah.
on Yamacraw Bluff near translator for Tomochichi Served in British military
Savannah River in order to trade and Oglethorpe and and Parliament and
with the English. Traveled to helped the peaceful convinced King George II
England and convinced his own relationship between to grant him a charter to
people the English had good Indians and colonists by colonize Georgia with
intentions of colonizing the land operating a trading post in English citizens who were
in Georgia. Signed Treaty of Savannah. in debt. Resident Trustee.
Savannah.
18. SS8H2b
Evaluate the Trustee Period of Georgia’s
colonial history, emphasizing the role of the
Salzburgers, Highland Scots, malcontents,
and the Spanish threat from Florida.
Concepts:
Individuals – Groups – Institutions
Governance
Conflict and Change
19. Movement / Migration
The student will understand that the
movement or migration of people,
goods, and ideas affects all societies
involved.
What are some examples of European
culture that exists in the United
States today?
What role did the Salzburgers and
Highland Scots play in colonizing
Georgia?
20. Individuals – Groups - Institutions
The student will understand
that the actions of Individuals,
Groups, and Institutions
affect society through
intended and unintended
consequences.
What are some groups in your
school, community, or state?
How did the actions of the
Salzburgers and Highland Scots
affect the society of the Georgia
colony?
21. COLONIZATION of GEORGIA
PAGE 16 IN GEORGIA JOURNAL SS8H2b
ESSENTIAL QUESTION
What role did the Salzburgers
and Highland Scots play in
Georgia’s colonial history?
22. ROLE OF THE
SALZBURGERS AND HIGHLAND SCOTS
• WHO: SALZBURGERS • WHO: HIGHLAND SCOTS
• WHAT: • WHAT:
• WHEN: • WHEN:
• WHERE: • WHERE:
• WHY: • WHY:
23. TRUSTEE PERIOD
• TRUSTEE PERIOD LASTED FROM 1732 – 1752
• KING GEORGE II ALLOWED THE TRUSTEES TO GOVERN THE
COLONY
• TRUSTEES WERE A GROUP OF MEN WHO GOVERNED THE
COLONY OF GEORGIA, LED BY JAMES OGLETHORPE
• TRUSTEES CREATED LAWS AND REGULATIONS: COLONISTS
COULD NOT OWN SLAVES, ALCOHOL WAS BANNED,
CATHOLICS WERE NOT ALLOWED TO SETTLE IN GEORGIA,
WOMEN COULD NOT INHERIT LAND
• SIGNED TREATIES WITH NATIVE AMERICANS TO ACQUIRE
LAND AND AS AN ALLY TO FIGHT AGAINST THE SPANISH
• NEW COLONISTS ARRIVED TO GEORGIA: SALZBURGERS AND
HIGHLAND SCOTS – BROUGHT WITH THEM THEIR CULTURE
• RELIGIOUS FREEDOM IN GEORGIA ATTRACTED EUROPEAN
PROTESTANTS – EVENTUALLY THE METHODISTS CHURCH
WAS FOUNDED IN GEORGIA
24. SALZBURGERS
• “The Georgia Salzburgers, a group of German-
speaking Protestant colonists, founded the town
of Ebenezer in what is now Effingham County.
Arriving in 1734, the group received support
from King George II of England and the Georgia
Trustees after being expelled from its home in
the Catholic principality of Salzburg (in present-
day Austria). The Salzburgers survived extreme
hardships in both Europe and Georgia to
establish a prosperous and culturally unique
community.” - New Georgia Encyclopedia
25. SALZBURGERS key points
• 1734 - came to Georgia after being expelled
from Germany / Austria for not being Catholic
• Protestants who wanted religious freedom
• Created the town of Ebenezer, but was too
swampy to survive
• Relocated to the town of New Ebenezer along
Savannah River – became a very religious
community, also had silk mills
• Trustees liked the hard working Salzburgers
because they did not like slavery or alcohol
which were rules the colonists had to live by
27. Sketch of Ebenezer, Georgia
Print from Von Reck Archive, Royal Library of Denmark, Copenhagen
28. MAP OF THE SALZBURGER SETTLEMENT OF
NEW EBENEZER ON THE SAVANNAH RIVER
29. SALZBURGERS
Whatever you forget about the Salzburgers
between now and the CRCT, at least remember
this…
The Salzburgers were Protestant
Christians who were kicked out of
Catholic controlled Germany and
wanted religious freedom in Georgia.
30. ROLE OF THE
SALZBURGERS AND HIGHLAND SCOTS
• WHO: SALZBURGERS • WHO: HIGHLAND SCOTS
• WHAT: GROUP OF • WHAT:
PROTESTANT PEOPLE
FROM EUROPE (GERMANY /
AUSTRIA) WHO HELPED
COLONIZE GEORGIA
• WHEN: 1734 • WHEN:
• WHERE: BUILT THE TOWN • WHERE:
OF NEW EBENEZER
NORTHWEST OF SAVANNAH
ALONG THE SAVANNAH
RIVER.
• • WHY:
WHY: ESCAPED RELIGIOUS
PERSECUTION FROM
CATHOLIC CONTROLLED
GERMANY / AUSTRIA
31. HIGHLAND SCOTS
• “James Oglethorpe wanted to protect the
Georgia colony from possible attacks from
Spanish Florida. The men of Scotland had the
reputation of being good soldiers, and so
Oglethorpe recruited a group of about 175
Highland Scots to settle in the area south of
Savannah. The group arrived at the Altamaha
River in 1736 and established a settlement they
originally called New Inverness. Later, they
changed the name to Darien.”
- Dr. Glen Blankenship and Vicki Wood
32. HIGHLAND SCOTS key points
• Came to Georgia in 1736 from Scotland
• Built the town / fort of Darien south of Savannah
along the Altamaha River
• Reputation of hard working people who were
good soldiers
• Protected the Georgia colony from Spanish
Florida – helped Oglethorpe push the Spanish
out of Georgia in the Battle of Bloody Marsh
• Changed from farming to cattle raising and
harvesting timber
• Opposed slavery in the colony
33. Darien: Where the
Highland Scots
built a fort and
settlement to
protect the colony
from Spanish
Florida.
34. HIGHLAND SCOTS SUMMARY
Whatever you forget about the Highland
Scots between now and the CRCT, at least
remember this…
The Highland Scots were soldiers who
colonized Georgia by creating the town
of Darien and helped defend the colony
from the Spanish during the Battle of
Bloody Marsh.
35. ROLE OF THE
SALZBURGERS AND HIGHLAND SCOTS
• WHO: SALZBURGERS • WHO: HIGHLAND SCOTS
• WHAT: GROUP OF • WHAT: GROUP OF
PROTESTANT PEOPLE SOLDIERS FROM
FROM EUROPE (GERMANY / SCOTLAND WHO HELP
AUSTRIA) WHO HELPED COLONIZE GEORGIA AND
COLONIZE GEORGIA DEFEND THE COLONY
• WHEN: 1734 FROM THE SPANISH
• WHERE: BUILT THE TOWN • WHEN: 1736
OF NEW EBENEZER • WHERE: BUILT THE TOWN &
NORTHWEST OF SAVANNAH FORT CALLED DARIEN
ALONG THE SAVANNAH ALONG THE ALTAMAHA
RIVER. RIVER AND RAISED CATTLE
• WHY: ESCAPED RELIGIOUS AND TIMBER
PERSECUTION FROM • WHY: OGLETHORPE
CATHOLIC CONTROLLED NEEDED THEIR MILITARY
GERMANY / AUSTRIA HELP TO DEFEAT THE
SPANISH DURING THE
BATTLE OF BLOODY MARSH
36. SS8H2b
Evaluate the Trustee Period of Georgia’s
colonial history, emphasizing the role of the
Salzburgers, Highland Scots, malcontents,
and the Spanish threat from Florida.
Concepts:
Individuals – Groups – Institutions
Governance
Conflict and Change
37. COLONIZATION of GEORGIA
PAGE 17 IN GEORGIA JOURNAL SS8H2b
ESSENTIAL QUESTION
How did Georgia react to the
Spanish threat from Florida?
38. CONFLICT & CHANGE
The student will understand
that when there is conflict
between or within societies,
change is the result.
What is a modern day
example of conflict and
change?
What was the Battle of
Bloody Marsh, and how did
it affect the colony of
Georgia?
41. BATTLE OF BLOODY MARSH
“On July 7, 1742, English and Spanish forces
skirmished on St. Simons Island in an encounter
later known as the Battle of Bloody Marsh.
This event was the only Spanish attempt to
invade Georgia during the War of Jenkins' Ear,
and it resulted in a significant English victory.
General James Oglethorpe redeemed his
reputation from his defeat at St. Augustine,
Florida, two years earlier, and the positive
psychological effects upon his troops, settlers,
other colonists, and the English populace rallied
them to the cause to preserve Georgia.”
- New Georgia Encyclopedia
42.
43. CONFLICT & CHANGE
The student will understand
that when there is conflict
between or within societies,
change is the result.
What is a modern day
example of conflict and
change?
What was the Battle of
Bloody Marsh, and how did
it affect the colony of
Georgia?
44. SS8H2b
Evaluate the Trustee Period of Georgia’s
colonial history, emphasizing the role of the
Salzburgers, Highland Scots, malcontents,
and the Spanish threat from Florida.
Concepts:
Individuals – Groups – Institutions
Governance
Conflict and Change
45. COLONIZATION of GEORGIA
PAGE 18 IN GEORGIA JOURNAL SS8H2b
ESSENTIAL QUESTION
Who were the malcontents, and
why were they so upset with
Oglethorpe and the Trustees?
46. CONFLICT & CHANGE
The student will understand that
when there is conflict between or
within societies, change is the
result.
What does the term
conflict of interest mean to you?
Why do Democrats and Republicans
seldom see eye to eye on political issues?
How were the colonial lifestyles of
Georgia and South Carolina different?
How did this spark a conflict of interest in
the colony? Did colonial life in Georgia
change, if so how?
47. MALCONTENTS
“Whereas many of Georgia's original settlers
came with monetary aid from the Trustees, most
of the Malcontents arrived without assistance
and thus did not have the same loyalty to the
colony's founders. In particular, the Malcontents
objected to the Trustees' limits on land
ownership and prohibitions on slavery and rum.
Since the Malcontents could afford to purchase
slaves and vast tracts of land, they felt the
policies of the Trustees prevented them from
realizing their economic potential.”
- New Georgia Encyclopedia
48. PRIMARY SOURCE
DOCUMENT
“During the 1730s,
Scottish settler Patrick
Tailfer led a group of
colonists, knowns as
the Malcontents, in
protest of various laws
and policies enforced
by the Georgia
Trustees. “
- New Georgia Encyclopedia
49. COMPARING TWO COLONIES
GEORGIA SOUTH CAROLINA
• TRUSTEE COLONY • ROYAL COLONY
• NO SLAVERY • SLAVERY WAS
• NO RUM ALLOWED
• LAND LIMITS 500 acres • TRADE RUM WITH
• FEMALE COULD NOT INDIANS
INHERIT LAND • NO LAND LIMITS
• FORCED TO GROW • FEMALES COULD
MULBERRY TREES, INHERIT LAND
GRAPES, AND INDIGO • COULD GROW
PLANTS COTTON, RICE, AND
• STRUGGLED TO MAKE TOBACCO
MONEY • VERY PROFITABLE
50. SS8H2c
Explain the development of Georgia as a
royal colony with regard to land
ownership, slavery, government, and the
impact of the royal governors.
Concepts:
Individuals – Groups – Institutions
Governance
Distribution of Power
51. CONFLICT & CHANGE
The student will understand that
when there is conflict between or
within societies, change is the
result.
Is there conflict in government? What are
some examples?
How was colonial life different in Georgia
between the Trustee period and the Royal
colonial period?
52. COLONIZATION of GEORGIA
PAGE 19 IN GEORGIA JOURNAL SS8H2c
ESSENTIAL QUESTION
How did Georgia change from a
Trustee colony to a Royal
colony?
53. ROYAL COLONY
LAND OWNERSHIP SLAVERY GOVERNMENT
• colonists allowed • only wealthy could • Royal governors
to own and sell own slaves appointed by King
more land • worked on rice • Trustee laws
plantations repealed
• large plantations
farms with slave • planters bought • bi-cameral
labor more and more land legislature
• social classes • white males with
• changed the
property could vote
developed economy of Georgia
– grew rich • colonists had more
• border of Georgia
freedom:
increased south to • slaves were self-government
St. Mary’s River property and had no
and west to rights • court system to
settle disputes
Mississippi River
54. SS8H2c
Explain the development of Georgia as a
royal colony with regard to land
ownership, slavery, government, and the
impact of the royal governors.
Concepts:
Individuals – Groups – Institutions
Governance
Distribution of Power
55. RULE of LAW
The student will understand that in a
democracy, rule of law influences the
behavior of citizens, establishes
procedures for making policies, and
limits the power of government.
What are some rules in each of your
classes? What are some policies in your
student agenda? What part of the
constitution limits the power of
government?
What were some laws that enforced
during the Trustee period but later
repealed?
56. COLONIZATION of GEORGIA
PAGE 20 IN GEORGIA JOURNAL SS8H2c
ESSENTIAL QUESTION
What impact did the Royal
Governors have on the colony
of Georgia?
57. EQ: What impact did the Royal Governors have
on the colony of Georgia?
John Reynolds Henry Ellis James Wright
• 1st Royal Governor of Georgia • 2nd Royal Governor • 3rd (last) Royal Governor
• Brought self-government • Restored the colony • Very popular
• Set up court systems • Reformed the government • Increased the size of GA
• Colony was poor • Divided GA into parishes • Economy improved
• Unpopular and ineffective • Helped the Creek Indians • Population increased
• Poor relations with Indians • Well liked and respected
• Removed from office
58. ROYAL GEORGIA
GEORGIA’S
PHYSICAL
BOUNDARIES
INCREASE
SOUTH TO
ST. MARY’S
RIVER
EXTENDING
WEST TO THE
MISSISSIPPI
RIVER
59. GOVERNANCE
The student will understand that
as a society increases in
complexity and interacts with
other societies, the complexity of
government also increases.
Think back to when you were in
elementary school. How are the rules
more complex in middle school?
Tomochichi and James Oglethorpe were
leaders of different societies. Do you
think Indians and colonists had to adapt
to one another’s rules and government?