This document discusses collection development in libraries. It begins by outlining the context of selection, including the types of libraries and how their collections vary. It then discusses criteria for selection, such as authority, scope, format, subject matter, and cost. It provides examples of criteria for selecting fiction, serials, multimedia resources, video recordings, graphic materials, and audio recordings. It also discusses the major components and depth of collections for different types of libraries like public, academic, school, and special libraries.

1. COLLECTION DEVELOPMENT
Selection Context
Types of Library and Collection Variation
Criteria in Selection
Electronic Resources
Jennifer J. Laluna, RL
Master of Library and Information Science
University of the Philippines

2. COLLECTION DEVELOPMENT
CONCEPT AND TERMS
strengthand weakness
information needs
FACTORS EFFECTING COLLECTION DEVELOPMENT
- identified need rather than abstract standards of quality
and quantity.
- responsive to the total community need.
-
INTRODUCTI0N

3. . complete knowledge of and participation on cooperative
programs at the local, regional, national and international
level.
SELECTION
TERMS AND DEFFINITIONS
of the collection process
which materials to be acquire for a library
collection
right book for the right reader at the right time.
INTRODUCTI0N

4. BASES OF COLLECTION
Standard developed by professional association, accrediting agencies, i.e.
• PAARL Standards DepEd
• IFLA Guidelines CHED
• PAASCU ISO
• PACUCOA
IMPORTANCE
• evaluate and measure collection and library performance
• considered authority and their credibility often are
effective means for getting library support
• they provide a framework for comparison of same
type of libraries
CONTEXT OF SELECTION

5. • They provide the minimums for volumes, or
collection levels which become target goals for
libraries.
Consider the following:
• the needs, wants , use, demands of library user
community which is considered as a
• Library’s mission and goals ( clear
understanding)
CONTEXT OF SELECTION

6. Designators which Indicate the Depth of a collection:
A.Out of Scope Level (Zero)
-no interest or mission in a specific classification range.
B. Minimal Level (One)
- very basic to the subject.
Intention: User may recognize basic issues and ideas.
C. Basic Information Level (Two)
Supports introductory Level
Wider selection of materials such as:
(Books for College Libraries) BCL
Magazines for libraries.
CONTEXT OF SELECTION

7. Intention: to keep the collection current.
D. Instructional Support Level (Three)
Supports…
undergraduate
independent and
most graduate level instruction,
but not post graduate level research.
Intention:
to provide an in-depth understanding of a subject
and
to prepare the user to be able to do research.
CONTEXT OF SELECTION

8. E. Research Level (Four)
Support the acquisition of
• major published source materials required for
dissertation and independent research.
Includes
• Gray Literature
• least 65% of available periodicals titles.
•
• Intention : Support research need

9. F. Comprehensive Level (Five)
This designates a collection to have everything on
the topic no matter what the language, age, level, or
format.
Intention is to
contain everything of value of subject.
CONTEXT OF SELECTION

10. TYPES OF LIBRARY; VARIATION IN COLLECTION
PUBLIC LIBRARIES
Selection Characteristics
• Diversity
• Growth of collection is minimal (limited space)
Selection Team
Members of the community - Decisions to purchase and acquire.
Electronic acquisition team - Technical Experts from the community
Librarian - interpret the expressed needs other community
Depth of Collections in Print Materials (strong emphasis)
• Recreational needs
• Informative materials
• Children’s materials
• Genre fiction (wars and mystery)
• How Manual Books – survival skills (immigrants)

11. Depth of Collections in Non-Print
• Movies
• Graphic/manga (Japanese comics, animation)
• Audio and Video recordings.
Library Holdings (Electronics Resources)
• Mp3 files, Mp 4
• DVD’s,
• Blueray
• Audio books (vision impairments, learning
new language)
• E-books for 2 percent
TYPES OF LIBRARY; VARIATION IN COLLECTION

12. TYPES OF LIBRARY; VARIATION IN COLLECTION
ACADEMIC LIBRARIES
• Focus on academic program;
• Main objective is to support the curriculum
• Depend heavily on standing and blanket ordering.
SELECTION TEAMS
• Dean/Principal
• Faculty
• Level/subject coordinators
• Librarian
Depth of selection
• Best sellers (from more of an academic or programmatic
perspective)
• Great Books (Select some book of permanent value
regardless of whether or not they will be widely used.)

13. PUBLIC LIBRARY OF TRECE MARTIREZ

20. • Web Resources
• Scholarly Web
• Scholarly Articles
• Scholarly Journals
• Serials (remain the largest percentage of a library’s e-
resources during the lifetime)
• E-books (only represented 5% percent)
• Online video , youtube (bandwith)
• streaming video (workable model for groups of education
libraries) (Farrelly, 2008)
TYPES OF LIBRARY; VARIATION IN COLLECTION

21. TYPES OF LIBRARY; VARIATION IN COLLECTION
SCHOOL LIBRARY /SCHOOL LIBRARY MEDIA CENTER
• Dominates Curriculum support
• Diverse environmental settings;
• Need for a very current collections
• Assessment activities are regular part of the program.
SPECIAL LIBRARY supported, and administered by
business
firm
private corporation
association
government agency
to meet
information needs of its members or staff in pursuing the
goals of the organization. (ALA)

22. TYPES of SPECIAL LIBRARIES
1. Corporate /Industrial
• Business
• industries
• banks
• advertising agencies
• insurance companies
• chemical companies
• aerospace corporations
• pharmaceutical companies
TYPES OF LIBRARY; VARIATION IN COLLECTION

23. 2. Government
(Serves various department and agencies of government)
• technical cultural
• agricultural scientific
3. Institutional
museums associations
• hospital academic
• prisons
TYPES OF LIBRARY; SPECIAL LIBRARY

24. Depth of Collection Support the
information services (with an emphasis on )
current information
• Retrospetive materials
• Books , journals, resource reports
• Patents (inventions)
• News Clippings – (Business/Corporate Libraries)
• Gray Literature (Business/Corporate Libraries)
• Supports research needs of scholars
•
TYPES OF LIBRARY; SPECIAL LIBRARY

25. TYPES OF LIBRARY; SPECIAL LIBRARY
3 MAJOR COMPONENTS OF COLLECTIONS
1. Published Information
newspaper clippings
pamphlets
trade catalogues
government documents, etc.,
statistical compilations
sales literature
financial statements

26. 2. Internal Generation Information
research reports technical memoranda
laboratory note books working papers
correspondence newsletters
company and competitive advertising etc.
3. Information available from sources, outside the
organization.
• Periodicals, E-resources (15% to 60%)
TYPES OF LIBRARY; SPECIAL LIBRARY

27. CRITERIA IN SELECTION
General Criteria
1. Authority (Authorship, Publisher, Sources of information)
• What is the reputation of the publisher?
• What is the reputation and/or significance of the author
• What do the book reviews say about them?
2. Scope –(Purpose, Coverage, Up-to-dateness)
• source coverage;
• recent up-to-date materials
• recency
3. Format (Arrangement, Binding, Materials used, Paper Quality)
• What is the quality of the binding and the paper with the
arrangement ?
• How readable is the print?

28. 7. Subject Matter (relevance to the subject matter to the curriculum)
What subject do you need to collect in to build up your
collection?
How suitable is the subject, style, and reading level of
an item for your user community?
8. Special Features (ease of use, illustrations, utility)
Does the book have important illustrations or other
features that would make it valuable?
Presentation style or writing quality.
9. Cost (Worthiness, value for money)
10. Availability for purchase - is the material still in print or is it
easily obtain from a secondhand dealer at a reasonable price?
CRITERIA IN SELECTION

29. CRITERIA IN SELECTION
Fiction
Some questions to ask to help in the evaluation of works of
fiction:
Theme
Intended audience
Is it true to life? Sensational? Exaggerated? Distorted?
Has it vitality and consistency in character depiction? Valid
psychology? Insight into human nature?
Is dramatic interest sustained?
Does it stimulate? Provoke thought? Satisfy? Amuse?

30. CRITERIA IN SELECTION
Serials
Serials titles should be selected to meet the reading interests and information needs of
the library’s user community and should also complement the other library collections.
Indexing and Abstracting Service
Availability of the materials in other format acquired by the library
Mircoform
– a generic term that includes
microfilms and microfiche
Points for consideration
1. Image
magnification

31. 2. Format (microfilm, reel form, or fiche are the most well known)

32. 3.Finish (silverhalide,diazo, orvesicular)whicheffectspriceand
durability
4. Polarity(negativeversuspositiveexposure)
5. Enlargedimagemustbereadable,andshould
reproducewellforittobeuseful.

33. Multimedia
(CD-ROMs, DVD –ROMs, DVDs, VCDs Computer
Software)
1. Programming Factors – to include questions
like:
a) Will the medium be used in formal instructional
situation?
b) Is it only for recreational use?
2. Content Factors – to include question like:
1) What is the primary purpose of the item?
2) Is the length of the program appropriate?
3) Is the topic a fad?
CRITERIA IN SELECTION

34. 3. Technical Factors – to include questions like:
1) Are the visuals in proper focus
2) Does the background audio material contribute to the
overall impact
3) Is there a good synchronization of visuals and audio
4. Format Factors – to include question like:
1) If damage occurs, can it be repaired, or must one buy a
replacement copy , or does it require maintenance
2) What equipment is needed to use?
CRITERIA IN SELECTION

35. Video Recordings
Points to Consider:
• How well are the sound and picture synchronized?
• How accurately does the video depict real-life events?
What message does the video intend to convey?
• How does your library’s video collection complement the
selection of commercial video store present within the
area?
CRITERIA IN SELECTION

36. Graphic Materials
(Maps, Globs, Technical Drawing, Design, Blueprint)
• Points to consider:
• Scale
• Type of projection
• The information represented
• The amount of detail and its accuracy
• The use of color and symbols
•
CRITERIA IN SELECTION

37. Audio –Recordings/Audio Book
Points of consider:
• How will you audio collection support your library’s goal?
• Will your audio collection focus on all or only certain genres?
• How well does the reader project his/her voice
• How durable is the product
• What is the overall quality of the recording?
CRITERIA IN SELECTION

38. Models , realias and dioramas
(Cost and storage are some of the limiting factors in including
these formats in the collection)
• Some question to consider
• Are objects less than life size reproduced in an appropriate
scale?
• Is the scale sufficient to illustrate the necessary details?
• is the distortion so great as to create a false impression?
• Are the colors accurate?
• Are the objects durable enough to withstand the type of
handling they will receive
•
CRITERIA IN SELECTION

39. ELECTRONIC RESOURCES
Benefits of having e-resources
• ease of searching
• remote access to resources
• consolidation of many volumes and years
into one searchable file
• inclusion of video and sound
• use by several people simultaneously
• easy export of information
• reduced cost for binding , storage, and
stack maintenance
• hyperlinks

40. ELECTRONIC RESOURCES
Disadvantages
Difficulty reading computer screens:
limitations of computer monitor
read information in the screen
Often not included in indexing and abstracting services
Format that a large proportion of e-journal use
Archiving
If archive is guaranteed, physical storage can be saved
Perishable citation - once online, if websites change
URLs citations disappear

41. Electronic serials –
• supplied directly by the publishers or via aggregators
service.
• Aggregator services – or e-journal management services
where suppliers like EBSCO provide access to and
manage a large selection of e-serials on the library’s
behalf.
Issues to consider in availing services of aggregators:
• Which serials are available in full text?
• What back issues are available?
•

42. • How are additions and deletions notified to the
customer?
• What is the payment model – an annual subscription
to the database , or is access contingent upon a
subscription to the print or electronic journal?
• Should the titles in the database be added to the
library OPAC?
• Where the service and OPAC are Web-based , should
links be established?
ELECTRONIC RESOURCES

43. • Evaluation and Selection of Criteria for
Electronic Resources
1. Content
• Inclusion of retrospective data?
• How complete is the electronic database?
• Does the electronic resource offer any special
features that are not available in the print
version?
• How often is the information updated?
ELECTRONIC RESOURCES

44. 2. Access Considerations
• How many users will the electronic resource
accommodate at one time?
• Will the resource be available to an individual on a
single computer terminal, or to multiple users on a
LAN (local area network) , and/or remote users from
their home or offices?
Your decision on what kind of access to provide will
depend on the amount of demand you expect for the
resource.
• How can the content of the electronic database be
accessed?
• What types of search options does the resource
provide?
ELECTRONIC RESOURCES

45. 2. Access Considerations
What types of search options?

47. SAMPLE OF CRITERIA IN EVALUATING THE IRS
from the User’s Perspective to identify the points on which the data to be
collected.
Using 6 criteria
1. RECALL
Ability of the system to present all relevant item
2. PRECISION:
Ability of the system to present ONLY those items that are relevant
3. TIME LAG:
The average interval between the time that the search request is made
and when an answer is provided.
4. EFFORT:
Intellectual as well as physical, required from the user in obtaining
answers to the search is provided.
5. FORM OF PRESENTATION OF THE SEARCH OUTPUT:
Affects the user’s ability to make use of the retrieved items
6. COVERAGE OF THE COLLECTION:
The extent to which the system includes relevant matter

49. CRITERIA IN EVALUATING
THE INFORMATION
RETRIEVAL SYSTEM (irs)
WORLD BOOK ONLINE
1. RECALL
Ability of the system to
present all relevant item
2. PRECISION:
Ability of the system to
present ONLY those items
that are relevant

50. 3. TIME LAG:
The average interval between the time
that the search request is made and
when an answer is provided.
4. EFFORT:
Intellectual as well as physical, required
from the user in obtaining answers to
the search is provided.
5. FORM OF PRESENTATION OF THE
SEARCH OUTPUT:
Affects the user’s ability to make use of
the retrieved items

51. 3. Technical Support Consideration (ILS)
ELECTRONIC RESOURCES
3. SUPPORT KOHA FOLLET INFOLIB
3.1.
Duration of training days (comprises
installation, maintenance, and familiarity of
the system)
2 days 2 to 3 days None
3.2.
Charge of additional request of training
day(s) for familiarity of the system
P2,000 /
day
Not
specified
None
3.3.
The suppliers assists the WC library staff
with the requirements for the hardware
specification, installation, configuration and
disaster recovery
YES YES NO
3.4.
The supplier provides 24/7 support via
phone (mobile/landline), sms message,
and/or thru social network/media
NO NO NO
3.5.
The supplier does not limit/restrict anyone
(librarian and/or staff) who asks for
assistance
NO NO NO
3.6.
The supplier provides a web-based
customer support facility ( i.e., view active
help desk calls, webinar, tutorial in Skype,
Youtube tutorial, and download software)
YES YES NO

52. Legal Consideration
• Important considerations when negotiating a
contract:
• content grant of rights and restrictions,
• parties penalties,
• involved warranties
• definitions payment and cost
• contractual obligations, governing law,
• contract term and termination, amendments,
• indemnity and limitation of liability,
• archives and perpetual access.
ELECTRONIC RESOURCES

53. 4. Design
• Construction – Is the page easily navigated, or
are you forced to scroll through pages of text?
Are there section “under construction” or
otherwise not working?
• Instructions – Are essential instructions available
and easily understood?
• Graphics – Do graphic elements add to the page
or distract from its content? Are the graphics
relevant and/or useful
ELECTRONIC RESOURCES

54. 8. MAINTENANCE KOHA FOLLET INFOLIB
5.1.
General release of software updates,
upgrades, uplifts, enhancements or bug
fixes for modules under maintenance
must be provided free of charge
YES YES NO
5.2.
The supplier will track all bugs or
hotline incidents reported by the
library. The library will be able to view
all incidents via vendor’s tracking
system.
YES YES NO
5.3.
The supplier has a mechanism to
protect against unintentional loss of
data and system programs and to
provide full data and system recovery.
YES YES YES
5.4.
The supplier will provide the library a
release schedule of new software
versions and is responsible for installing
and maintaining the back-end
management software. The supplier
will ensure that new system software
updates will not impact any local
customizations made by library.
YES YES NO
5. Maintenance