Cognitive therapy and skills training can help reduce recidivism by targeting criminogenic factors. Such approaches dispute offenders' automatic thoughts, provide skills to manage emotions and problems, and develop prosocial thinking. Static risk factors like criminal history cannot be changed, but dynamic factors like antisocial attitudes, substance abuse, and poor self-control respond to cognitive restructuring and skills training. These strategies teach offenders new ways of thinking to support responsible behavior.
An overview of evidence-based therapeutic components that aid in the reduction of the rate of return or recidivism of ex-offenders going back to prison.
Factors affecting crime and means of ways to overcome violence Anusha J
-Crime is caused because of social and economic environment.
-The role of a few selected social factors in criminality, namely, family, neighbourhood, peer groups will be discussed.
-Ways to overcome violence
The document discusses a family systems perspective on psychological symptoms from trauma. It makes three key points:
1. Symptoms form enduring patterns of behavior that organize social interactions, mediate stress, and provide adaptive responses to change. They acquire meaning and purpose over time.
2. Unresolved trauma from events like disaster, loss, or betrayal can lead to depression and anxiety fueled by guilt, anger, and shame. Symptoms may develop as a way to regain control after psychological injury to one's self-worth.
3. As counselors, concerns arise when symptoms are used to control or punish others, or avoid responsibility for change. Understanding the purpose and social functions of symptoms is important for effective treatment.
These slides contain detailed description of family therapy including : Introduction, Definition, Aims/Goals, Indication, Contraindication, Functions, Types, Nursing diagnosis and interventions, Nursing responsibilities, Research.
This document provides an overview of stage 2 of Emotionally Focused Therapy (EFT) for couples, which aims to deepen emotional engagement and bonding between partners. The key steps in stage 2 are:
Step 5 promotes identifying with previously disowned attachment needs and aspects of oneself. Step 6 facilitates each partner accepting the other's experiences. Step 7 expresses needs/wants to restructure the interaction and create bonding events. A central part of stage 2 is the "softening," where a previously hostile partner accesses vulnerability and the other responds with compassion, creating a new bond. The therapist's role is to help partners identify emotions, needs, and attachment fears, and facilitate new interaction patterns centered around emotional engagement.
The document discusses the philosophy and practice of clinical outpatient therapy from the perspective of Demetrios Peratsakis. It provides an overview of Peratsakis' training and mentors in family therapy and Adlerian approaches. The document also outlines a psychosocial, constructivist perspective on the development of psychological symptoms, viewing them as protective belief structures that arise from trauma, power struggles, or medical conditions. It discusses how symptoms acquire meaning, purpose, and power over time through hardened interaction patterns. Unresolved trauma can result in depression and anxiety, which are fueled by guilt, anger, and shame and left untreated, may be used to control or punish others.
This document discusses various techniques used in counseling and psychotherapy, including:
1. Prescribing tasks and directives to foster new ways of thinking and behaving.
2. Challenging symptoms, worldviews, and pushback through techniques like empty chair work and sculpting relationships.
3. Using genograms to provide context and track patterns across generations to better understand presenting problems.
It then provides examples of six techniques using chairs as props, such as open forums, decision making, and making emotions controllable. The benefits of these techniques in counseling are also summarized.
Structural-strategic couple and family therapy focuses on how family structures define roles, rules, and boundaries. Symptoms originate when the executive subsystem is ineffective in managing stress or responding to life changes. Therapists challenge symptoms by assessing their purpose within the family system and prescribing tasks to practice new interaction patterns without the problematic behavior. The life cycle model outlines developmental stages and tasks that can create stress if the family is inflexible in adapting to needed changes.
An overview of evidence-based therapeutic components that aid in the reduction of the rate of return or recidivism of ex-offenders going back to prison.
Factors affecting crime and means of ways to overcome violence Anusha J
-Crime is caused because of social and economic environment.
-The role of a few selected social factors in criminality, namely, family, neighbourhood, peer groups will be discussed.
-Ways to overcome violence
The document discusses a family systems perspective on psychological symptoms from trauma. It makes three key points:
1. Symptoms form enduring patterns of behavior that organize social interactions, mediate stress, and provide adaptive responses to change. They acquire meaning and purpose over time.
2. Unresolved trauma from events like disaster, loss, or betrayal can lead to depression and anxiety fueled by guilt, anger, and shame. Symptoms may develop as a way to regain control after psychological injury to one's self-worth.
3. As counselors, concerns arise when symptoms are used to control or punish others, or avoid responsibility for change. Understanding the purpose and social functions of symptoms is important for effective treatment.
These slides contain detailed description of family therapy including : Introduction, Definition, Aims/Goals, Indication, Contraindication, Functions, Types, Nursing diagnosis and interventions, Nursing responsibilities, Research.
This document provides an overview of stage 2 of Emotionally Focused Therapy (EFT) for couples, which aims to deepen emotional engagement and bonding between partners. The key steps in stage 2 are:
Step 5 promotes identifying with previously disowned attachment needs and aspects of oneself. Step 6 facilitates each partner accepting the other's experiences. Step 7 expresses needs/wants to restructure the interaction and create bonding events. A central part of stage 2 is the "softening," where a previously hostile partner accesses vulnerability and the other responds with compassion, creating a new bond. The therapist's role is to help partners identify emotions, needs, and attachment fears, and facilitate new interaction patterns centered around emotional engagement.
The document discusses the philosophy and practice of clinical outpatient therapy from the perspective of Demetrios Peratsakis. It provides an overview of Peratsakis' training and mentors in family therapy and Adlerian approaches. The document also outlines a psychosocial, constructivist perspective on the development of psychological symptoms, viewing them as protective belief structures that arise from trauma, power struggles, or medical conditions. It discusses how symptoms acquire meaning, purpose, and power over time through hardened interaction patterns. Unresolved trauma can result in depression and anxiety, which are fueled by guilt, anger, and shame and left untreated, may be used to control or punish others.
This document discusses various techniques used in counseling and psychotherapy, including:
1. Prescribing tasks and directives to foster new ways of thinking and behaving.
2. Challenging symptoms, worldviews, and pushback through techniques like empty chair work and sculpting relationships.
3. Using genograms to provide context and track patterns across generations to better understand presenting problems.
It then provides examples of six techniques using chairs as props, such as open forums, decision making, and making emotions controllable. The benefits of these techniques in counseling are also summarized.
Structural-strategic couple and family therapy focuses on how family structures define roles, rules, and boundaries. Symptoms originate when the executive subsystem is ineffective in managing stress or responding to life changes. Therapists challenge symptoms by assessing their purpose within the family system and prescribing tasks to practice new interaction patterns without the problematic behavior. The life cycle model outlines developmental stages and tasks that can create stress if the family is inflexible in adapting to needed changes.
The document provides an overview of Emotionally Focused Therapy (EFT) for couples, describing its theoretical underpinnings in experiential and systemic approaches as well as attachment theory. EFT uses a three stage, nine step framework to assess negative interaction cycles, access underlying emotions, create new bonding experiences, and consolidate secure attachment between partners. The therapist aims to develop trust, soften rigid positions, and facilitate new solutions through enactments and emotional engagement.
Strategic family therapy is a directive, goal-oriented approach developed by Jay Haley in the 1960s-1970s. It focuses on communication patterns, prescribing symptoms, and paradoxical interventions to create change. The therapist takes responsibility for influencing the family and designs specific strategies for each problem. Strategic family therapy aims to identify faulty family solutions and create second-order changes through challenging questions and directives.
Prosocial behaviour and altruistic Behaviour DeterminantsDr. Neeta Gupta
This document discusses prosocial behavior, which refers to voluntary actions intended to help or benefit other people. Prosocial behaviors include helping, sharing, comforting, and cooperating. Engaging in prosocial actions can provide benefits such as boosting mood, reducing stress, and strengthening social support systems. Prosocial behavior is influenced by both situational and personal factors like modeling, similarity, norms, empathy, and beliefs about fairness. Common types of prosocial behavior include helping, sharing, comforting, altruism, and behaviors that are proactive, reactive, or meant to help others without expectation of personal gain.
This document summarizes key concepts related to marriage and relationships. It discusses intimacy, the life cycle model of development, power and conflict, and symptom development. It notes that marriage refers to any committed partnership. The document then reviews common reasons people get married as well as poor reasons. It identifies three patterns of marital distress and chief complaints that couples experience. Finally, it provides an overview of the life cycle model and the developmental tasks associated with launching young adults from their family of origin.
This document discusses childhood trauma and its treatment within an integrated residential and educational environment. It defines different types of trauma including acute, chronic, and complex trauma. Symptoms of complex trauma are then outlined. Statistics on childhood trauma within the general population and looked after children are provided. The document emphasizes that effective trauma-informed assessment and treatment can help children recover from traumatic experiences. Core components of trauma interventions are described, including safety, self-regulation, relationship building, and future focus. The benefits of a therapeutic learning environment for traumatized children are explored. Overall it promotes an integrated approach addressing children's emotional and academic needs to facilitate recovery from trauma.
The document discusses several approaches to family therapy, including Adlerian family therapy, multigenerational family therapy, experiential family therapy, and strategic family therapy. Adlerian therapy uses an educational model and focuses on family dynamics and goals. Multigenerational therapy examines intergenerational patterns and increasing differentiation. Experiential therapy aims to liberate family members and facilitate autonomy through intense experiences. Strategic therapy focuses on solving present problems and directing family transactions toward behavioral change.
The document discusses psychological trauma and injury. It proposes that trauma results from experiences of loss, disaster/tragedy, or betrayal, which damage one's sense of self-worth. Unresolved trauma can lead to symptoms of depression, anxiety, guilt, anger, and shame as protective behaviors to regain control. Over time, symptoms may become rigid coping habits or ways to control others and avoid responsibility. The document advocates understanding depression and anxiety not as conditions but as meaningful belief structures arising from trauma.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in family therapy. It discusses systems theory perspectives, including circular causality, reciprocal relationships, and holistic views of families. Specific models are described, like structural and strategic family therapy. Key concepts like boundaries, narratives, and power differentials are examined. The document emphasizes strengths-based and solution-focused approaches, co-constructed change, and the importance of self-reflection for therapists.
The document discusses family systems therapy and outlines key concepts including viewing the family as an interdependent system, assessing family structure and dynamics around power, boundaries, roles and rules, and using structural interventions like mapping the family system and enactments to restructure problematic interaction patterns and balance boundaries. The goal of therapy is to help the executive subsystem function effectively by resolving issues, developing complementary roles and problem-solving skills, and balancing boundaries between family members and subsystems.
The document discusses the philosophy and practice of clinical outpatient therapy. It begins with a disclaimer about the purpose of improving therapy practice through a deeper understanding of methods. It then discusses the background and training of the author with various clinicians over 12 years. It also discusses training with Richard Belson in an innovative live supervision practicum employing solution-focused team therapy for chronic problems.
This document discusses family and marital counseling. It defines family as a basic social unit where members are economically and emotionally dependent on one another. It describes different types of normal and abnormal families. Family functioning includes problem solving, roles, emotional responsiveness, involvement, and behavioral control. Dysfunctional families fail in these areas. Common family problems relate to structure, substance use, caring for ill people, crises, abuse, and violence. Counseling solutions involve categorizing issues, getting family perspectives, finding problems, explaining mistakes, assigning homework, following up, and generalizing lessons. Qualities of resilient families are commitment, appreciation, good communication, strong values, and quality time together.
This document discusses family systems theory and approaches to family therapy. It defines the family as a system and discusses how family therapists view problems arising from dysfunctional relationships and interactions within the family system. Several major approaches to family therapy are summarized, including psychoanalytic, structural, strategic, and behavioral. The document also covers stages of the family life cycle, characteristics of healthy vs unhealthy families, types of family therapy interventions, and goals and techniques of the initial, working, and termination phases of family therapy.
Family therapy involves treating the family as a system and aims to improve communication and functioning between family members. It is used to treat problems appearing in family relationships like marital conflicts or sibling issues. Principles of family therapy include viewing the family as a system rather than individuals and understanding how family dynamics relate to member well-being. Types of family therapy are individual, conjoint, couples, and multiple family group therapy which differ in who participates. Occupational therapy and recreational therapy are also used in psychiatry to develop skills, provide expression, and increase well-being through goal-oriented activities.
Family, family as system, crisis, crisis intervention, adaptive qualities, family therapy and approaches, stages of family therapy, 12 family strengths by Otto
Family counseling has evolved from early schools of thought to become more individualized. Feminist perspectives challenged the field by highlighting gender biases and societal influences. Today, therapists aim to empower both women and men by helping families reexamine restrictive gender roles and balance responsibilities more equitably. The political goals of feminist therapy also focus on achieving greater equality both inside and outside the home.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in couples and family counseling. It defines the family, describes family characteristics like nonsummativity and equifinality. It outlines theoretical approaches like social learning, Bowen, and structural-strategic theories. It also discusses the family life cycle, varieties of family formations, and integrative counseling models. The goal is to understand family dynamics and effectively intervene to improve family functioning and relationships.
The document provides an overview of key concepts in family systems therapy. It describes Gregory Bateson's influence on the field through his work on communication patterns, homeostasis, and feedback loops within families. The document also summarizes the basic assumptions of family systems therapy, including that problems arise from family interactions rather than individual pathology, and families resist change through circular causality and maintaining homeostasis. Finally, it outlines some of the core concepts developed by the Palo Alto Group, such as symmetrical/complementary relationships and triangulation.
This document is a research proposal that aims to analyze and compare the prevalence of serious mental illness among individuals in correctional facilities versus psychiatric care facilities in the United States. It provides background on the history of housing the mentally ill, from the 1800s when rates in prisons were under 1% to present day where rates are estimated to be 15-20% due to deinstitutionalization in the 1960s. It defines serious mental illnesses like schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depression that will be examined. Issues that mentally ill inmates face during incarceration are discussed, like lack of proper treatment environment and increased costs. Screening and assessment procedures used to identify mental illness upon inmate intake are also overviewed. The purpose is to
The document provides an overview of Emotionally Focused Therapy (EFT) for couples, describing its theoretical underpinnings in experiential and systemic approaches as well as attachment theory. EFT uses a three stage, nine step framework to assess negative interaction cycles, access underlying emotions, create new bonding experiences, and consolidate secure attachment between partners. The therapist aims to develop trust, soften rigid positions, and facilitate new solutions through enactments and emotional engagement.
Strategic family therapy is a directive, goal-oriented approach developed by Jay Haley in the 1960s-1970s. It focuses on communication patterns, prescribing symptoms, and paradoxical interventions to create change. The therapist takes responsibility for influencing the family and designs specific strategies for each problem. Strategic family therapy aims to identify faulty family solutions and create second-order changes through challenging questions and directives.
Prosocial behaviour and altruistic Behaviour DeterminantsDr. Neeta Gupta
This document discusses prosocial behavior, which refers to voluntary actions intended to help or benefit other people. Prosocial behaviors include helping, sharing, comforting, and cooperating. Engaging in prosocial actions can provide benefits such as boosting mood, reducing stress, and strengthening social support systems. Prosocial behavior is influenced by both situational and personal factors like modeling, similarity, norms, empathy, and beliefs about fairness. Common types of prosocial behavior include helping, sharing, comforting, altruism, and behaviors that are proactive, reactive, or meant to help others without expectation of personal gain.
This document summarizes key concepts related to marriage and relationships. It discusses intimacy, the life cycle model of development, power and conflict, and symptom development. It notes that marriage refers to any committed partnership. The document then reviews common reasons people get married as well as poor reasons. It identifies three patterns of marital distress and chief complaints that couples experience. Finally, it provides an overview of the life cycle model and the developmental tasks associated with launching young adults from their family of origin.
This document discusses childhood trauma and its treatment within an integrated residential and educational environment. It defines different types of trauma including acute, chronic, and complex trauma. Symptoms of complex trauma are then outlined. Statistics on childhood trauma within the general population and looked after children are provided. The document emphasizes that effective trauma-informed assessment and treatment can help children recover from traumatic experiences. Core components of trauma interventions are described, including safety, self-regulation, relationship building, and future focus. The benefits of a therapeutic learning environment for traumatized children are explored. Overall it promotes an integrated approach addressing children's emotional and academic needs to facilitate recovery from trauma.
The document discusses several approaches to family therapy, including Adlerian family therapy, multigenerational family therapy, experiential family therapy, and strategic family therapy. Adlerian therapy uses an educational model and focuses on family dynamics and goals. Multigenerational therapy examines intergenerational patterns and increasing differentiation. Experiential therapy aims to liberate family members and facilitate autonomy through intense experiences. Strategic therapy focuses on solving present problems and directing family transactions toward behavioral change.
The document discusses psychological trauma and injury. It proposes that trauma results from experiences of loss, disaster/tragedy, or betrayal, which damage one's sense of self-worth. Unresolved trauma can lead to symptoms of depression, anxiety, guilt, anger, and shame as protective behaviors to regain control. Over time, symptoms may become rigid coping habits or ways to control others and avoid responsibility. The document advocates understanding depression and anxiety not as conditions but as meaningful belief structures arising from trauma.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in family therapy. It discusses systems theory perspectives, including circular causality, reciprocal relationships, and holistic views of families. Specific models are described, like structural and strategic family therapy. Key concepts like boundaries, narratives, and power differentials are examined. The document emphasizes strengths-based and solution-focused approaches, co-constructed change, and the importance of self-reflection for therapists.
The document discusses family systems therapy and outlines key concepts including viewing the family as an interdependent system, assessing family structure and dynamics around power, boundaries, roles and rules, and using structural interventions like mapping the family system and enactments to restructure problematic interaction patterns and balance boundaries. The goal of therapy is to help the executive subsystem function effectively by resolving issues, developing complementary roles and problem-solving skills, and balancing boundaries between family members and subsystems.
The document discusses the philosophy and practice of clinical outpatient therapy. It begins with a disclaimer about the purpose of improving therapy practice through a deeper understanding of methods. It then discusses the background and training of the author with various clinicians over 12 years. It also discusses training with Richard Belson in an innovative live supervision practicum employing solution-focused team therapy for chronic problems.
This document discusses family and marital counseling. It defines family as a basic social unit where members are economically and emotionally dependent on one another. It describes different types of normal and abnormal families. Family functioning includes problem solving, roles, emotional responsiveness, involvement, and behavioral control. Dysfunctional families fail in these areas. Common family problems relate to structure, substance use, caring for ill people, crises, abuse, and violence. Counseling solutions involve categorizing issues, getting family perspectives, finding problems, explaining mistakes, assigning homework, following up, and generalizing lessons. Qualities of resilient families are commitment, appreciation, good communication, strong values, and quality time together.
This document discusses family systems theory and approaches to family therapy. It defines the family as a system and discusses how family therapists view problems arising from dysfunctional relationships and interactions within the family system. Several major approaches to family therapy are summarized, including psychoanalytic, structural, strategic, and behavioral. The document also covers stages of the family life cycle, characteristics of healthy vs unhealthy families, types of family therapy interventions, and goals and techniques of the initial, working, and termination phases of family therapy.
Family therapy involves treating the family as a system and aims to improve communication and functioning between family members. It is used to treat problems appearing in family relationships like marital conflicts or sibling issues. Principles of family therapy include viewing the family as a system rather than individuals and understanding how family dynamics relate to member well-being. Types of family therapy are individual, conjoint, couples, and multiple family group therapy which differ in who participates. Occupational therapy and recreational therapy are also used in psychiatry to develop skills, provide expression, and increase well-being through goal-oriented activities.
Family, family as system, crisis, crisis intervention, adaptive qualities, family therapy and approaches, stages of family therapy, 12 family strengths by Otto
Family counseling has evolved from early schools of thought to become more individualized. Feminist perspectives challenged the field by highlighting gender biases and societal influences. Today, therapists aim to empower both women and men by helping families reexamine restrictive gender roles and balance responsibilities more equitably. The political goals of feminist therapy also focus on achieving greater equality both inside and outside the home.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in couples and family counseling. It defines the family, describes family characteristics like nonsummativity and equifinality. It outlines theoretical approaches like social learning, Bowen, and structural-strategic theories. It also discusses the family life cycle, varieties of family formations, and integrative counseling models. The goal is to understand family dynamics and effectively intervene to improve family functioning and relationships.
The document provides an overview of key concepts in family systems therapy. It describes Gregory Bateson's influence on the field through his work on communication patterns, homeostasis, and feedback loops within families. The document also summarizes the basic assumptions of family systems therapy, including that problems arise from family interactions rather than individual pathology, and families resist change through circular causality and maintaining homeostasis. Finally, it outlines some of the core concepts developed by the Palo Alto Group, such as symmetrical/complementary relationships and triangulation.
This document is a research proposal that aims to analyze and compare the prevalence of serious mental illness among individuals in correctional facilities versus psychiatric care facilities in the United States. It provides background on the history of housing the mentally ill, from the 1800s when rates in prisons were under 1% to present day where rates are estimated to be 15-20% due to deinstitutionalization in the 1960s. It defines serious mental illnesses like schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depression that will be examined. Issues that mentally ill inmates face during incarceration are discussed, like lack of proper treatment environment and increased costs. Screening and assessment procedures used to identify mental illness upon inmate intake are also overviewed. The purpose is to
This document outlines steps for identifying unhelpful thoughts that occur during emotionally challenging situations. It provides examples of how to note feelings, physical sensations, thoughts, and thinking styles during such a situation. Specifically, it examines a scenario where a woman's husband is 30 minutes late home from work. She experiences worried and anxious feelings at 80% intensity with chest palpitations. Her immediate thought is that he has been in a car crash and not been found, which she believes at 80%. Her thinking style of having a gloomy view of the future is identified. She kept ringing his phone, which went to voicemail. Overall, believing this thought is deemed unhelpful.
This document provides steps to question an unhelpful or extreme thought. It uses the example of thinking one's husband is late without contacting them. The steps are to look for evidence for and against the thought, consider alternative explanations, determine if the standards are applied evenly, and think about how others would view the situation. Following the steps shows the unhelpful thought in this case is incorrect as the husband often runs late and loses phone signal on his commute home.
The document discusses sex offender recidivism and reoffending. It notes that research findings on recidivism have been inconsistent. Studies have followed criminals after release and found that some are convicted of new sexual, violent, or other crimes within 5-25 years. Common factors for reoffending include deviant sexual interests, antisocial orientation, and lifestyle instability. The document also discusses risk assessment tools, treatment programs, and concludes that continued research is needed to find ways to reduce recidivism since currently there is no direct answer.
The document outlines the 5 Areas Model for assessing and understanding anxiety and depression. The 5 areas are: 1) Situation/Relationship issues, 2) Altered Thinking patterns, 3) Altered Physical Feelings and Symptoms, 4) Altered Behaviour, and 5) A Summary of how the areas interact in a cycle. Breaking into this cycle by addressing one area can help reduce anxiety and depression over time. The model was created by Chris Williams in 2002 to assess and treat related mental health issues.
CBT is a short-term, structured psychotherapy that usually takes 12-20 sessions to work towards personal goals. It relies on building a positive therapeutic relationship through collaboration between the therapist and client. Sessions are planned and structured, and outcome measures are used to assess the client's mood. CBT techniques can include socialization, exposure therapy, cognitive restructuring, relaxation techniques, and developing plans to manage triggers and prevent future anxiety or depression.
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT), proposed by Albert Ellis, holds that psychological problems stem from rigid and extreme beliefs that people hold. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), proposed by Aaron Beck, views problems as arising from faulty and distorted thinking patterns. Both therapies aim to help clients identify and modify irrational and dysfunctional beliefs and thoughts through techniques like cognitive restructuring. Therapists dispute clients' irrational beliefs, teach alternative coping skills, and help clients learn to evaluate evidence to replace rigid views with more realistic perspectives. The goal is for clients to achieve emotional well-being by altering how they perceive and respond to events.
Talks about Personality and Individual Behavoiur for educational purposes.
* Personality
* Components of Personality
* Nature of Personality
* Framework Of Personality
** Iceberg Theory
** Psychoanalytic Theory
** The Myers Brigg Type Indicators
** The Big 5 Model
* Determinants of Personality
** Biological Factors
** Social Factors
** Cultural Factors
** Situational Factors
* Individual Behaviour
** Individual Behaviour Framework
* Causes of Individual Behaviour
The video for this presentation is available on our Youtube channel:
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Examines theories that attempt to explain the motivation for criminal behavior in order to help reduce recidivism and relapse among people with and without addictions in the criminal justice system
Here are some key points to keep in mind when caring for a patient with borderline personality disorder:
- Set clear limits and boundaries. Be consistent and predictable in your responses to their behaviors.
- Validate their feelings while making it clear that certain behaviors are unacceptable. For example, "I understand you're feeling angry, but threatening staff is not allowed."
- Maintain a nonjudgmental, compassionate attitude. Their behaviors often stem from trauma and difficulties regulating emotions.
- Remain calm and do not take things personally. Their goal may be to get an emotional reaction from you.
- Focus on safety, stability and coping skills rather than past trauma. Help them develop healthier ways of dealing with distress.
Behavior and its modification techniquesRangarajan S
This document provides an overview of techniques for modifying human behavior. It discusses several factors that influence behavior, including culture, attitudes, emotions, values, and authority. It also outlines various theoretical approaches to understanding behavior, such as psychodynamic, humanistic, behavioral, cognitive, and biological approaches. Finally, it describes several social modification techniques including positive and negative reinforcement, punishment, meditation, cognitive behavioral therapy, and more. The overall document aims to understand why people behave the way they do and how problem behaviors can be addressed.
Psychological theories seek to explain juvenile delinquency through factors like inadequate socialization, negative childhood experiences, and criminal thinking patterns. Delinquency typically emerges between ages 8-12 with petty crimes and can escalate to more serious offenses like robbery or drug trafficking by adulthood if left unchecked. Psychopathic personality and antisocial personality disorder are also linked to criminal behavior and a lack of empathy or remorse. Psychoanalytic theory views delinquency as resulting from an imbalance between the id, ego and superego, while behaviorist views link it to traits like low frustration tolerance and conditionability.
This document provides an overview of Chapter 13 on social psychology from a PowerPoint presentation. It discusses several key topics in social psychology including attribution theory, the fundamental attribution error, how attitudes can influence actions and vice versa, conformity and obedience, and social influence from groups. Specific concepts covered include attribution biases based on culture, the foot-in-the-door phenomenon, how role playing can shift attitudes, and cognitive dissonance theory. Forms of social influence like automatic mimicry and conformity to norms are also summarized.
The document discusses trait theories in criminology, which focus on linking biological and psychological traits to antisocial and criminal behavior. It describes several biosocial and psychological trait theories that attempt to explain criminal behavior, including theories related to biochemistry, neurology, genetics, evolution, psychodynamics, behaviorism, cognition, social learning, mental illness, and personality/intelligence. Trait theorists believe criminal behavior is influenced by both inherent traits and environmental factors interacting together. The document raises questions about the theories and notes limitations in the early research while also highlighting potential strengths of each approach.
Introduction-to-Human-Behavior. Look at description belowmahnoorbaig11301
Human behaviour
1. **Biological Influences:**
- Genetics and neurological factors play a role in shaping behavior.
- Hormones, brain structure, and neurotransmitters impact emotions and responses.
2. **Cognitive Processes:**
- Mental processes such as perception, memory, learning, and problem-solving influence behavior.
- Attitudes, beliefs, and thought patterns shape decision-making.
3. **Emotional Factors:**
- Emotions like happiness, anger, fear, and sadness impact behavior.
- Emotional intelligence involves understanding and managing one's own emotions and those of others.
4. **Social and Cultural Influences:**
- Social norms, cultural values, and societal expectations shape behavior.
- Peer pressure, family dynamics, and cultural background contribute to behavioral patterns.
5. **Environmental Factors:**
- Physical surroundings, living conditions, and access to resources impact behavior.
- Environmental psychology explores how the environment affects human behavior.
6. **Developmental Stages:**
- Behavior evolves across different life stages, from infancy to old age.
- Psychological development, influenced by nature and nurture, plays a significant role.
7. **Motivation:**
- Intrinsic and extrinsic factors drive behavior.
- Motivation involves the internal and external forces that initiate, guide, and maintain goal-oriented actions.
8. **Social Interactions:**
- Human behavior is deeply influenced by interactions with others.
- Social psychology explores how individuals are influenced by the presence, actions, and characteristics of others.
9. **Adaptation and Evolution:**
- Evolutionary psychology considers how behaviors may have evolved to enhance survival and reproduction.
- Adaptations and innate behaviors are studied to understand their functional significance.
10. **Abnormal Behavior:**
- Psychological disorders and mental health conditions are characterized by atypical patterns of behavior.
- Clinical psychology addresses the assessment and treatment of abnormal behavior.
11. **Learning and Conditioning:**
- Behaviorism explores how behavior is learned through conditioning, reinforcement, and punishment.
- Observational learning, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and operant conditioning are key concepts.
12. **Decision-Making:**
- Cognitive psychology studies the processes involved in decision-making, problem-solving, and reasoning.
- Behavioral economics examines how psychological factors influence economic decisions.
Understanding human behavior involves an interdisciplinary approach, drawing from psychology, sociology, biology, anthropology, and other fields.
Explains the process by which we receive, interpret, analyze, remember and use information about the social world. Also attempts to explain the process of attribution and common errors we often commit in social perception.
Social psychology is the scientific study of how people's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by others. Social psychologists explain human behavior as a result of the interaction between mental states and immediate social context. Social roles, attitudes, relationships, and groups influence people to act in ways they may not alone through social norms, rules, and expectations. Groups can lead to conformity, groupthink, and influence behaviors and decision making through leadership, conflict, and cohesion. Prejudice arises from various sources and reducing it requires understanding its origins and unconscious nature.
Human behavior is a fascinating subject that embodies the intricate workings of our minds and influences our actions and interactions with others.
In understanding the kaleidoscope of behaviors exhibited by humans, it is essential to explore the 10 fundamental types of human behavior that shape our daily lives.
Delving deep into the complexities of these behaviors, we unravel the intricacies of human nature and gain valuable insights into the intricacies of human interaction and the diverse range of traits that make us unique.
Join us on this enlightening journey as we unravel the 10 captivating types of human behavior and explore their profound impact on our world.
The document discusses criminal behavior in youth and its management. It defines youth as ages 15-24 and notes that this phase is characterized by curiosity and risk-taking. Criminal behaviors in youth can include lying, stealing, bullying, and violence. Psychological factors like aggression, impulsivity, low emotional intelligence, and antisocial personality traits may contribute to criminal behaviors. Environmental factors like family structure, parenting styles, peers, school, and neighborhood also influence youth criminal behavior. Intervention strategies aim to prevent, manage, or treat criminal behaviors through approaches like cognitive behavioral therapy, multisystemic therapy, and mindfulness-based therapy.
This document outlines topics related to individual behavior and group dynamics. It discusses factors that influence individual differences, concepts of personality types and traits. It also covers group dynamics, defining groups and teams. Key aspects of group development are described, including stages of formation, performance, and adjourning. Factors that influence group cohesiveness and types of work teams are also summarized.
This document discusses moral agency and moral development. It defines morality as principles distinguishing right from wrong behavior. Moral agency refers to the ability to make moral judgments and be responsible for actions. The document outlines several theories of moral development, including those proposed by Freud, Kohlberg, and Bandura. It also discusses factors influencing moral development such as family, social, and religious influences. Moral development involves progressing through cognitive, emotional, and behavioral dimensions from childhood through adulthood.
The document discusses the history and research on effective rehabilitation programs for sex offenders. It covers several key points:
1) Early research in the 1970s concluded rehabilitation programs did not work, but later research from the 1980s onward found that some programs can reduce recidivism, especially those targeting criminogenic needs.
2) Effective programs are based on principles like matching treatment intensity to offender risk level, targeting dynamic risk factors linked to reoffending, and delivering treatment in a way that considers offender characteristics.
3) Cognitive-behavioral programs that teach pro-social thinking skills and address criminal thinking have been shown to change antisocial behavior and reduce recidivism when applied correctly.
This document summarizes trait theory and biological and psychological trait theories of criminology. Trait theory views criminality as produced by abnormal biological or psychological traits. Contemporary trait theory sees an interaction between personal traits and environmental factors, with some traits making individuals more susceptible to environmental influences. The document then examines biological trait theories focusing on conditions like biochemistry, neurophysiology, genetics and evolution. It also reviews psychological trait views including psychodynamic, social learning, cognitive and intelligence perspectives. It evaluates and discusses the social policy implications of trait theory.
The document discusses several theories of personality and cognitive development:
- Freud's psychosexual theory of personality development through stages centered around erogenous zones.
- Piaget's stages of cognitive development from sensorimotor to formal operational thought.
- Vygotsky's view that social interaction and guidance from more knowledgeable others plays a key role in cognitive development, such as in the Zone of Proximal Development.
- Kohlberg's stages of moral development from obedience to universal ethical principles.
- Neo-Freudian theorists like Jung, Horney, and Adler who built on and modified Freud's psychodynamic approach.
- Other approaches to personality including traits, learning, biological/evolutionary
This document discusses attitudes, including definitions, characteristics, formation, factors influencing formation, and implications for nursing. It defines attitude as an enduring organization of processes regarding an aspect of one's world. Attitudes are learned and range from positive to negative, consisting of affective, behavioral, and cognitive components. They serve knowledge, self-expression, adaptation, and ego-defensive functions. Attitudes are formed through family, social norms, peers, school, experiences, and media, and can be changed through education, propaganda, fear, modeling, experiences, and changing beliefs/values. Nursing implications include avoiding prejudiced attitudes, understanding patient attitudes, and cultivating a professional attitude.
2. AMERICANS
In Criminal Justice System
1,404, 053 State Prisons
208,118 U.S. BOP
5,000,000 Probation/Parole
Total 6,612,171
3. How to make a sociopath aka criminal
in 2 easy steps
4. Step one Step Two
HERIDITY ENVIRONMENT
neglect
neurochemicals
poverty
family
traits
structure
parenting
personality practices
characteristics
education
abuse
Peer Groups aggressive/violent/criminal
role models
5. Neurochemicals
.
Neurochemicals are responsible for the activation of behavioral
patterns and tendencies in specific areas of the brain
Monoamine oxidase (MAO)
Dopamine
disinhibition
pleasure
impulsivity
aggression
aggression
ADHD
antisocial behavior
impulsivity, ADHD
aggressive behavior
violent offenders
Serotonin
depression Epinephrine
anxiety Norepinephrine
bipolar disorder
impulsive aggression
impulsive behavior
emotional aggression
6. Traits and Personality Disorders
.
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
hyperactivity and inattention are the most highly related predisposing factors
antisocial behavior
inability to analyze and anticipate consequences
learn from their past behavior
Conduct Disorder (CD)
violation of societal rules and norms
demonstrated disregard for the rights of others
Diagnosed over the age of 18
Oppositional Defiance Disorder (ODD)
argumentativeness, noncompliance, and irritability
the first disorder that is identified in children
if sustained can lead to the diagnosis of CD
7. Sociopaths and Antisocial Behavior
Primary Sociopath
lacks moral development
does not feel socially responsible for their actions
dependent on their genetic makeup and personality
product of the individual's personality physiotype genotype
Secondary Sociopath
develops in response to environment
Unsuccessful in reaching their needs in a socially desireable way
Greater dependence on environmental factors
an individual's antisocial or criminal behavior can be the result of
both their genetic background and the environment
in which they were raised
8.
9. between seventy and ninety percent of violent offenders
have been highly aggressive as young children
10. RECIDIVISM
2008 — 133,947 individuals — returned to prison as a result of violating
their terms of supervision
9% of adults exiting parole returned to prison as a result of a new conviction
Cost Per Day For Prison Incarceration
$55 to $75.00
11. RECIDIVISM
BASED ON 2 FACTORS
Static Factors
Can’t Be Changed: Will not respond to any type of intervention
Criminogenic Factors
Can Be Changed through the correct intervention
With proper assessment of these factors, researchers and
practitioners have demonstrated that it is possible to classify
offenders according to their relative likelihood of committing new
offenses with as much as 80 percent accuracy
12. STATIC FACTORS
In predicting recidivism, we know
that there are a number of "static"
factors that are predictive
Programming
Cannot Change These Static
Factors
14. Predictive Criminogenic Factors
Criminogenic Needs are factors in an offender’s
life that are directly related to recidivism.
Anti-social personality
Anti-social attitudes and values
Anti-social associates
Family dysfunction
Poor self-control, poor problem-solving skills
Substance abuse
Lack of employment/employment skills
15. Criminal Peers
Associating with other criminals increases the likelihood of an offender recidivating. If
an offender is immersed in a group of peers who continue to commit unlawful acts, it
will be more likely that this offender will commit more crimes. Offenders are more
susceptible to peer pressure just like everyone else and if their peers are committing
crimes, they will feel it is necessary to break the law in order to fit in.
Substance Abuse
Research has shown that there is a relationship between substance abuse and criminal
behavior. Continued substance abuse is an illegal act itself for offenders on supervision.
There are other issues related to substance abuse, i.e. the need for money that can lead
offenders to committing a crime to get money for drugs.
Dysfunctional Family
If an offender comes from a dysfunctional family, the offender is more likely to be in a
setting where they can learn criminal or substance abuse behaviors. In these situations,
offenders may not have ever had a positive role model within the home to help teach
morals and values. These offenders are at a disadvantage because from an early age,
they are taught that certain values and norms are acceptable.
16. Low Self-Control
The inability to control one’s own behavior has been directly linked to crime. Offenders
are more likely to commit illegal acts when they do not have the ability to control their
impulses. For example, an offender who has low self control is more likely to use
narcotics than an offender who has a higher level of self-control. Self-control helps
dictate the way offenders behave themselves.
Anti-Social Personality
Certain personality traits, i.e. callousness, are another factor that have been directly
linked to criminality. Offenders who display anti-social personality traits often will not
care how their actions affect others and therefore may not feel any remorse for what
they have done. The criminal personality helps justify the actions of the offender by
making it easier for offenders to commit illegal acts.
Anti-Social Values
Anti-social values allow offenders to disassociate themselves not only with the
community but with the values and norms of the community. These types of attitudes
help offenders retreat from their surroundings where they are alone with their thoughts
and ideas while having minimal interaction within others within the community who are
not engaged in criminal conduct.
17. TREATMENT
Cognitive behavioral and social
learning approaches have
answered the question “What Works?”
to change offender behavior
18. COGNITIVE THERAPY
disputes the automatic thoughts
provides skills training and role-playing are
well-established Cognitive behavior is the key to
social behavior.
targets interpersonal skills and the Problem behavior is almost
acceptance of community standards for always rooted in modes of
responsible behavior thinking that promote and
support that behavior
offenders develop coping mechanisms for
managing the thoughts and feelings Permanent change in problem
behavior demands change at a
cognitive level, i.e., change in the
underlying beliefs, attitudes, and
ways of thinking;
19. Thinking Patterns
How What
Offenders Offenders
Think Think
• Impulsive • Entitlement
• Concrete • Deny victims
• Poor problem solving • Blame Others
• Lack empathy • Deny responsibility
• Extremes • Uniqueness
dealing effectively with anti-social logic
is the single most important part of…offender change
20. COGNITIVE SKILLS
COGNITIVE RESTRUCTURING
COGNITIVE SKILLS TRAINING
based on the premise that offenders have never learned the “thinking skills”
required to function productively and responsibly in society
This skill deficit is remedied by systematic training in skills, such as problem
solving, negotiation, assertiveness, anger control, and social skills focused on
specific social situations, like making a complaint or asking for help
COGNITIVE RESTRUCTURING
based on the premise that offenders have learned destructive attitudes and
thinking habits that point them to criminal behavior
consists of identifying the specific attitudes and ways of thinking that point to
criminality and systematically replacing them with new attitudes and ways of
thinking
21. COGNITIVE RESTRUCTURING AND COGNITIVE SKILLS
are complementary
can be combined in a single program
resocialization can be enhanced and accelerated.
strategies take an objective and systematic approach to
change
Change is not coerced: offenders are taught how to think
for themselves and to make their
own decision
COGNITIVE CORRECTIONS PROGRAMS
regard offenders as fully responsible for their behavior
Thinking is viewed as a type of learned behavior
dishonesty and irresponsibility are the primary targets for change
limit setting and accountability for behavior do not conflict with the cognitive
approach to offender change - they support it.