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Recidivism Power Point
- 1. Sex Offenders and Recidivism Why do they reoffend? What can we do?
- 2. The Public is Concerned 1-2% of men will be convicted of a sex crime in their lifetime 20% of men have admitted to an act of sexual aggression Sexual violence is a significant problem
- 3. Inconsistent Research Findings Some studies correlate and some contradict each other It is important to find common ground and branch off from there
- 4. Studies Criminals were followed after their release from prison 5 to 25 year time span Small sample sizes
- 5. New Convictions Sexual in nature Violent in nature Other
- 6. Treatment Options General Individualized Punishment, treatment, and supervision
- 7. Common Factors Deviant sexual interests Antisocial orientation Lifestyle instability
- 8. Sexual Sadism Pleasure by hurting or humiliating others Physical harm Psychological harm
- 9. Other Factors Substance abuse History of violence Mental disorders Paraphilias CORRELATION DOES NOT EQUAL CAUSATION!
- 10. Risk Assessments VRAG SORAG RRASOR Static 99
- 11. Risk Factors Dynamic Risk Factors Static Risk Factors
- 12. Treatment Programs High risk High need Address all issues
- 13. Conclusion No direct answer…yet Continue research Implement ideas
Editor's Notes
- This presentation is about the information I found when researching sex offenders and recidivism rates. I was looking to find out why these offenders reoffend and what treatment plans seem to work. The information I found was all over the board. In some cases it contradicts itself, too.
- The concern the public has is justified. Finding a solution or a variety of solution options is important. Unfortunately we face a lot of problems.
- So far there is no set way when predicting recidivism rates. More research is necessary in order to try and find some sort of common ground, as little as it may be, and branch off from there. It is scary to think that there is no common ground and that this will remain unpredictable.
- It is hard to make relative predictions when the sample size is small. Reoffending was recorded based off of crimes that were reported to the police. What about those who reoffended and didn’t get caught? What about those who were only followed for 5 years and reoffended after that?
- When it comes to reoffended the lowest percentage committed another sexual crime. The next came a crime that was violent in nature and the most common was a crime that was neither sexual or violent.
- There are mixed opinions when it comes to whether a general or individualized approach is more successful. There needs to been more research to find out what type of punishment, treatment plan, and supervision level suits these criminals.
- Examples of deviance include rape, sex with children, and fetishism. Examples of antisocial orientation and lifestyle instability include impulsivity, substance abuse, unemployment, fights, reckless behavior, and a history of rule violations .
- Sexual sadism is a specific factor involved in some sexual offences. The relationship between this mental disorder and reoffending needs further research. It is when someone gets sexual pleasure by hurting or humiliating others. It can be done in either or both a physical or psychological manner.
- It does not mean that every violent alcoholic will also commit a sex crime, but they are factors that should not be ignored. Paraphilias, especially pedophilia, are strong predictors of recidivism. Controlling the environment a pedophile is in could aid in the prevention of recidivism. Rember though that correlation does not equal causation!
- Four common scales used are the Violence Risk Appraisal Guide (VRAG), the Sex Offender Risk Appraisal Guide (SORAG), the Rapid Risk Assessment for Sexual Offense Recidivism (RRASOR), and the Static 99. The SORAG is a modification of the VRAG and the Static 99 includes all of the RRASOR. These tests are contain similar items, are objectively scores, and provide good predictive validity. Some studies show that using more than one assessment will better predict risk and some studies do not.
- Dynamic risk factors are variables that have the potential to change, while static risk factors are unchangeable. A dynamic risk factor would be an attitude about sexual assault or substance abuse, where a static risk factor would be previous criminal history.
- Offenders who are high need and high risk will benefit most from intense treatment programs. It is also important in treatment to address issues that are not always thought to be directly linked to sexual crimes. Those who are low risk don’t typically feel they belong there and won’t get anything out of treatment. Some treatment programs also allow them to drop out of the program. It is important to mandate treatment for these high risk/need individuals.
- In conclusion, there is not a direct answer when it comes to sexual crimes and recidivism. With data that sometimes supports each other and sometimes contradicts each other it is hard to come up with a solution. That being the case, the current solution is to actually continue research and try out different ideas. Follow up shortly after release instead of waiting for 5 years or longer. Keep cross referencing assessments in different combinations and see if it will help or not. Try out different treatment plans especially when certain ones don’t seem to work. Have these plans be mandatory in more cases than what they are. It seems that some offenders seem to commit a crime, do their time, and then go out and reoffend while some do not. What are the big differences in the ones that do and don’t? The only way we can help is to commit to studying these cases and keeping an open mind when it comes to punishment and treatment. Chances need to be taken in order to find solutions and with solutions we can help the offenders, the potential victims, and the public’s concern.