This document discusses coal handling and storage. It defines coal storage as preserving coal against degradation, losses and environmental issues. Proper coal storage is important to meet demand, produce in mild weather and continuously feed power stations. Common storage methods include uncovered and covered stockpiles, which can cause pollution and combustion. Better methods are silos and domed sheds, as they protect coal from weather and combustion while reducing costs from dust, degradation and staffing. Proper coal storage methods are necessary to safely preserve coal quality and supply.

1. Coal Handling and
Storage.
Presented By:
Emmanuel Adewumi
Center for Energy Studies,
IITD

2. Definition: Coal storage is the process
employed in preserving coals against
degradation, wastage, losses and
environmental disasters

3. Reasons for proper coal storage:
Decrease in demand for coal in the market,
To be ready for the bottlenecks caused by the halts which may
occur in production
To meet the consumers' demand without interruption
To produce in mild climate conditions and market it in winter
To decrease the moisture content of coal
The defects which may occur in thermal power stations and
washing plants
To feed the thermal power stations continuously with the coal of
specified properties.

4. Methods of coal storage:
Coal Stock Piles
Advantage
1. It does not require much cost to apply
2. It is easy to use and can be piled up in the mine.
Disadvantages
1. Environmental pollution which usually Leads to high
mortality rate
2. Spontaneous combustion of coal
3. Wastage and degradation

5. Longitudinal covered shed: in this case, the
stockpile is improved by mounting or building a covering
shed round and above it.
Other methods devised to minimize the
disadvantages:

6. Wind barriers: another improvement done to protect
the stockpiled coal from the conditions that will expose
it to combustion and effects of wind and washing away
by rain.
Other methods devised to minimize the
disadvantages:

7. Dome type covered shed: This will protect the
coal from the wind and rain since it is enclosed.
Other methods devised to minimize the
disadvantages:

8. Silos storage: silos are the best, most successful and
highly recommended method of storing coals. It is a
structure typically built, in form pf a dome shape with
a diameter up to 10-15 meters and heights up to 50- 70
meters, for storage of about 10,000 – 50,000 tons of
coal.
Other methods devised to minimize the
disadvantages:

9. Cost benefits of Silos:
• Initial cos (cost of building the storage system) and running costs
(such as energy consumption, maintenance, cost of product loss
due to dusting and carrying away by water, and product quality
loss due to self-heating) are saved.
• Dust emissions are eliminated which can lead to coal savings of
several percent depending on the average wind-force.
• The deterioration and loss of calorific value of the coal after being
subjected to a period of oxidation as a result of wind and rain are
eliminated. Thereby making the coal of high-grade quality.
• Some silos types of machinery are remotely controlled. If this type
is applied, it can reduce the cost of employing operating staff [1].

10. Conclusion: Considering the effect of
improper storage of coals, coals must be
properly stored by following the proper
precautions of coal storage.

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