This document provides an overview of the Programming Principles course. It will meet for four lectures per week for 14 weeks, with classes on Tuesday, Wednesday, and Friday. There will be a practical session on Thursday and tests, assignments, presentations, and quizzes. The goal of the course is to teach problem solving skills and how to think like a computer scientist by using formal languages to represent ideas. Programming languages like Python will be used, and the document provides information on high level vs low level languages, compilers, interpreters, common programming elements, and debugging errors. It also includes instructions on downloading Python and the Gedit text editor.
This document discusses principles of programming and software engineering. It describes the software development life cycle, which consists of nine phases: specification, design, risk analysis, verification, coding, testing, refining the solution, production, and maintenance. It also discusses problem solving through algorithms, data storage, object-oriented programming concepts like encapsulation and inheritance, and design techniques like top-down design and object-oriented design. The document emphasizes that modularity, ease of use, and fail-safe programming are important for developing quality software solutions.
1. The document introduces computer programming and discusses its importance in modern society. It touches on how computers have evolved to become indispensable tools that help solve problems across many domains.
2. It outlines the typical steps involved in programming: problem analysis, algorithm development, coding, testing and debugging. Key aspects like problem definition, input/output determination, and logical processing of data are important parts of problem analysis.
3. The document emphasizes that programming requires both logic and creativity to develop well-designed solutions. Proper documentation is also important for program maintenance and future modifications.
This document discusses different programming language paradigms and generations from machine languages to modern languages. It covers first through fifth generation languages including machine languages, assembly languages, high-level languages, declarative languages, and AI languages. It also covers different programming paradigms like imperative, functional, logic, object-oriented, and concurrent programming and provides examples of languages for each.
This document provides an overview of computer programming concepts including:
- The relevance of computer programming is to automate tasks done by humans like generating reports and handling bulk data.
- A computer program is a series of instructions written in a programming language like machine language or a high-level language to accomplish a task. Programs must be translated into machine language before execution.
- Key elements of a program include variables to store data, decisions to control flow, and loops to repeat instructions. Functions are small subprograms that perform tasks. Debugging fixes mistakes by trying programs incrementally.
This document discusses the evolution of programming languages from early machine languages to modern higher-level languages. It begins with an introduction to human and computer languages. It then covers the development of machine languages, assembly languages, and higher-level languages like FORTRAN and COBOL. The document discusses the advantages of each generation of languages and examples of languages from the 1950s to modern times.
This document provides an overview of computer programs and programming. It discusses what a computer program is, how programs interact with hardware, the planning and writing of code, and different types of programming languages. Key points include:
- Computer programs contain instructions that the CPU executes to perform tasks. There are different types like operating systems, utilities, and applications.
- Programs are stored in files with various extensions like .exe, .dll, and .ini. Code instructs the CPU to perform actions like playing a sound.
- Programming languages simplify writing code by using English-like syntax. Examples of languages mentioned are C++, Java, Visual Basic, and Perl.
- There are lower-level languages close to
This document discusses programming languages and paradigms. It begins by describing the evolution of programming languages from machine language to high-level languages. It then discusses four main programming paradigms: procedural, object-oriented, functional, and declarative. For each paradigm, it provides examples of languages that use that paradigm and describes the basic concepts and interactions between program units and data/objects. It concludes by describing common concepts found in many procedural and object-oriented languages such as variables, data types, expressions, statements, and subprograms.
This document discusses principles of programming and software engineering. It describes the software development life cycle, which consists of nine phases: specification, design, risk analysis, verification, coding, testing, refining the solution, production, and maintenance. It also discusses problem solving through algorithms, data storage, object-oriented programming concepts like encapsulation and inheritance, and design techniques like top-down design and object-oriented design. The document emphasizes that modularity, ease of use, and fail-safe programming are important for developing quality software solutions.
1. The document introduces computer programming and discusses its importance in modern society. It touches on how computers have evolved to become indispensable tools that help solve problems across many domains.
2. It outlines the typical steps involved in programming: problem analysis, algorithm development, coding, testing and debugging. Key aspects like problem definition, input/output determination, and logical processing of data are important parts of problem analysis.
3. The document emphasizes that programming requires both logic and creativity to develop well-designed solutions. Proper documentation is also important for program maintenance and future modifications.
This document discusses different programming language paradigms and generations from machine languages to modern languages. It covers first through fifth generation languages including machine languages, assembly languages, high-level languages, declarative languages, and AI languages. It also covers different programming paradigms like imperative, functional, logic, object-oriented, and concurrent programming and provides examples of languages for each.
This document provides an overview of computer programming concepts including:
- The relevance of computer programming is to automate tasks done by humans like generating reports and handling bulk data.
- A computer program is a series of instructions written in a programming language like machine language or a high-level language to accomplish a task. Programs must be translated into machine language before execution.
- Key elements of a program include variables to store data, decisions to control flow, and loops to repeat instructions. Functions are small subprograms that perform tasks. Debugging fixes mistakes by trying programs incrementally.
This document discusses the evolution of programming languages from early machine languages to modern higher-level languages. It begins with an introduction to human and computer languages. It then covers the development of machine languages, assembly languages, and higher-level languages like FORTRAN and COBOL. The document discusses the advantages of each generation of languages and examples of languages from the 1950s to modern times.
This document provides an overview of computer programs and programming. It discusses what a computer program is, how programs interact with hardware, the planning and writing of code, and different types of programming languages. Key points include:
- Computer programs contain instructions that the CPU executes to perform tasks. There are different types like operating systems, utilities, and applications.
- Programs are stored in files with various extensions like .exe, .dll, and .ini. Code instructs the CPU to perform actions like playing a sound.
- Programming languages simplify writing code by using English-like syntax. Examples of languages mentioned are C++, Java, Visual Basic, and Perl.
- There are lower-level languages close to
This document discusses programming languages and paradigms. It begins by describing the evolution of programming languages from machine language to high-level languages. It then discusses four main programming paradigms: procedural, object-oriented, functional, and declarative. For each paradigm, it provides examples of languages that use that paradigm and describes the basic concepts and interactions between program units and data/objects. It concludes by describing common concepts found in many procedural and object-oriented languages such as variables, data types, expressions, statements, and subprograms.
This document discusses programming language paradigms and design issues. It covers why programming languages are studied, including to improve algorithms, use existing languages more efficiently, choose the best language for a project, and more easily learn new languages. It then defines what a programming language is and discusses imperative, applicative, rule-based, and object-oriented paradigms. The document also addresses language standardization, internationalization, programming environments, effects on language design like separate compilation and testing support, and environment frameworks.
Logical programming languages and functional programming languagesnahianzarif
This document summarizes logical programming languages and functional programming languages. For logical programming languages, it notes they are declarative languages that implement computation's logic rather than mechanics. While well-suited for representing data structures and complex ideas, they have disadvantages like poor support for state variables and arithmetic. Functional programming languages are based on functions as building blocks. They can lead to fewer bugs due to immutable variables and pure functions, but can also require more time and memory and not be suitable for all types of problems. The document contrasts the two by comparing their bases, aims, applications, and testing difficulties.
The document provides an overview of the C programming language, including its history, characteristics, and structure. It discusses how C was developed in the 1970s at Bell Labs to program the UNIX operating system. It also summarizes key aspects of C like it being a middle-level language suitable for both systems and applications programming, its use of control structures for selection, repetition and loops, and its portability across operating systems.
Programming languages and concepts by vivek pariharVivek Parihar
This presentation is concerned with the study of programming language paradigms, that is the various systems of ideas that have been used to guide the design of programming languages. These paradigms are realized to a greater or lesser extent in various computer languages, although the design of a given language may reflect the influence of more than one paradigm.
This document provides an introduction to basic programming concepts including programs, programming, programming languages, and careers in programming.
A program is a series of organized instructions that directs a computer to perform tasks. Programming involves creating a set of commands that direct a computer. Programming languages allow humans to communicate with computers through using words, symbols, and codes. There are many programming languages with different rules. Careers in programming include programmer, programmer analyst, computer scientist, and software engineer.
The document provides an overview of software programming and development. It defines key concepts like software, hardware, programming languages, compilers, interpreters, and algorithms. It discusses low-level languages like machine code and assembly, and high-level languages like C/C++, Java, and .NET. It also explains the planning process for computer programs using algorithms, flowcharts, and pseudocode and the differences between compilers and interpreters. The document aims to introduce foundational topics in software engineering.
This document discusses computer hardware, software, programming languages, and how code is executed. It defines hardware as physical components like the motherboard, disk drive, and fans. Software consists of programs made of instruction sequences that hardware can understand. Programming languages have evolved from low-level machine code and assembly code to high-level languages like C, C++, Java, and PHP. Language translators like assemblers, compilers, and interpreters are used to translate source code into executable machine code that computers can understand.
An overview of computers and programming languages Ahmad Idrees
This chapter discusses computers and programming languages. It explains that a computer system consists of hardware and software components. Programming languages allow users to communicate instructions to the computer, with compilers translating programs into machine language. The chapter then covers algorithms for problem solving, and structured and object-oriented programming methodologies. Key topics include how Java programs are processed, the evolution of programming languages, and the components of a computer system.
The document provides an introduction to computer programming and programming languages. It discusses that a computer program is a list of instructions that tells the computer what to do. All programs accept input, process data, and display output. Programming languages allow programmers to write these instructions, with earlier languages like machine code using binary and newer high-level languages using vocabulary like English. Common features of all programming languages include instructions for input, output, mathematics, conditional execution, and repetition. The document introduces the BASIC programming language as an example.
PROGRAMMING AND LANGUAGES
Describe the six steps of programming
Discuss design tools
Describe program testing
Describe CASE tools & object-oriented software development
Explain the five generations of programming languages
ICT, Importance of programming and programming languagesEbin Robinson
This document discusses the importance of programming and programming languages. It provides definitions of computer programming and what programming languages are used for. It discusses why data types are important in programming languages. It also provides examples of popular software including Java, Android KitKat, and iOS.
The document provides an overview of principles of programming languages, including:
- Reasons for studying programming language concepts such as improved ability to learn new languages.
- Categories of programming languages including imperative, functional, logic, and object-oriented languages.
- Factors that influence language design such as computer architecture and programming methodologies.
- Methods of describing syntax including Backus-Naur Form and context-free grammars. Attribute grammars add semantic information to parse trees.
- Implementation methods for languages including compilation, interpretation, and hybrid systems.
The document provides an introduction to computer programming. It discusses what a computer is and its basic parts including hardware and software. It describes the internal and external hardware components. It also explains different types of programming languages from low-level to high-level languages. The document then discusses programming paradigms like procedural, structured, and object-oriented programming. It introduces concepts like algorithms, flowcharts, and the system development life cycle which involves phases from feasibility study to implementation and maintenance.
The document provides an introduction to programming languages. It discusses the different levels of programming languages including low-level languages like machine language and assembly language that are close to hardware, and high-level languages like C++, Java, and Python that are more abstract. It also covers procedural languages which specify steps to complete tasks and object-oriented languages which model real-world objects. Examples are given of popular languages from each paradigm like C, Pascal, and PHP for procedural and C++, Java, Ruby for object-oriented.
The document summarizes different types of programming languages:
- Machine languages and assembly languages were early languages that mapped directly to computer hardware. They were inefficient for programmers.
- High-level languages like procedural languages made programming easier by using English-like syntax but were less efficient. Problem-oriented languages focused on solving specific problems.
- Compilers convert an entire program to machine code while interpreters convert each statement, making compilers generally more efficient once converted.
Principles of-programming-languages-lecture-notes-Krishna Sai
This document summarizes key concepts from Chapter 1 of a programming languages textbook. It discusses reasons for studying programming language concepts, including increased ability to express ideas, improved language choice, and easier learning of new languages. It also covers programming domains like scientific, business, AI and systems programming. The document evaluates language criteria such as readability, writability and reliability. It discusses influences on language design like computer architecture and programming methodologies. It categorizes languages as imperative, functional, logic and object-oriented. Finally, it provides examples of programming environments like UNIX, JBuilder and Visual Studio.
Programming language design and implemenationAshwini Awatare
The document discusses key topics in programming language design and implementation including:
1. The importance of studying programming languages to improve problem solving skills, learn new languages, and understand language design.
2. An overview of different programming paradigms like imperative, functional, object-oriented, and logic-based languages.
3. Factors that influence language design like software architectures, programming environments, internationalization needs, and standardization.
Python Intro Slides for Students CSC-148 Chapter 1Raza Ul Mustafa
This document provides an overview of an introductory Python programming course. It outlines the main topics to be covered, including variables, strings, functions, conditions, iterations, lists, dictionaries, tuples, recursion, object-oriented programming. It discusses installing Anaconda and Spyder for Python development and describes how to write the "Hello, World!" program. It also explains key concepts like algorithms, high-level vs low-level languages, interpreters, compilers, syntax errors, runtime errors, semantic errors, debugging, and comments.
This lecture introduces fundamental concepts of programming and Python. It discusses why we program, the difference between users and programmers, and basic Python concepts like scripts, the interpreter, and errors. Programming involves encoding instructions for computers as code. Python is an interpreted, general-purpose language. Debugging is the process of finding and fixing errors in code.
This document discusses programming language paradigms and design issues. It covers why programming languages are studied, including to improve algorithms, use existing languages more efficiently, choose the best language for a project, and more easily learn new languages. It then defines what a programming language is and discusses imperative, applicative, rule-based, and object-oriented paradigms. The document also addresses language standardization, internationalization, programming environments, effects on language design like separate compilation and testing support, and environment frameworks.
Logical programming languages and functional programming languagesnahianzarif
This document summarizes logical programming languages and functional programming languages. For logical programming languages, it notes they are declarative languages that implement computation's logic rather than mechanics. While well-suited for representing data structures and complex ideas, they have disadvantages like poor support for state variables and arithmetic. Functional programming languages are based on functions as building blocks. They can lead to fewer bugs due to immutable variables and pure functions, but can also require more time and memory and not be suitable for all types of problems. The document contrasts the two by comparing their bases, aims, applications, and testing difficulties.
The document provides an overview of the C programming language, including its history, characteristics, and structure. It discusses how C was developed in the 1970s at Bell Labs to program the UNIX operating system. It also summarizes key aspects of C like it being a middle-level language suitable for both systems and applications programming, its use of control structures for selection, repetition and loops, and its portability across operating systems.
Programming languages and concepts by vivek pariharVivek Parihar
This presentation is concerned with the study of programming language paradigms, that is the various systems of ideas that have been used to guide the design of programming languages. These paradigms are realized to a greater or lesser extent in various computer languages, although the design of a given language may reflect the influence of more than one paradigm.
This document provides an introduction to basic programming concepts including programs, programming, programming languages, and careers in programming.
A program is a series of organized instructions that directs a computer to perform tasks. Programming involves creating a set of commands that direct a computer. Programming languages allow humans to communicate with computers through using words, symbols, and codes. There are many programming languages with different rules. Careers in programming include programmer, programmer analyst, computer scientist, and software engineer.
The document provides an overview of software programming and development. It defines key concepts like software, hardware, programming languages, compilers, interpreters, and algorithms. It discusses low-level languages like machine code and assembly, and high-level languages like C/C++, Java, and .NET. It also explains the planning process for computer programs using algorithms, flowcharts, and pseudocode and the differences between compilers and interpreters. The document aims to introduce foundational topics in software engineering.
This document discusses computer hardware, software, programming languages, and how code is executed. It defines hardware as physical components like the motherboard, disk drive, and fans. Software consists of programs made of instruction sequences that hardware can understand. Programming languages have evolved from low-level machine code and assembly code to high-level languages like C, C++, Java, and PHP. Language translators like assemblers, compilers, and interpreters are used to translate source code into executable machine code that computers can understand.
An overview of computers and programming languages Ahmad Idrees
This chapter discusses computers and programming languages. It explains that a computer system consists of hardware and software components. Programming languages allow users to communicate instructions to the computer, with compilers translating programs into machine language. The chapter then covers algorithms for problem solving, and structured and object-oriented programming methodologies. Key topics include how Java programs are processed, the evolution of programming languages, and the components of a computer system.
The document provides an introduction to computer programming and programming languages. It discusses that a computer program is a list of instructions that tells the computer what to do. All programs accept input, process data, and display output. Programming languages allow programmers to write these instructions, with earlier languages like machine code using binary and newer high-level languages using vocabulary like English. Common features of all programming languages include instructions for input, output, mathematics, conditional execution, and repetition. The document introduces the BASIC programming language as an example.
PROGRAMMING AND LANGUAGES
Describe the six steps of programming
Discuss design tools
Describe program testing
Describe CASE tools & object-oriented software development
Explain the five generations of programming languages
ICT, Importance of programming and programming languagesEbin Robinson
This document discusses the importance of programming and programming languages. It provides definitions of computer programming and what programming languages are used for. It discusses why data types are important in programming languages. It also provides examples of popular software including Java, Android KitKat, and iOS.
The document provides an overview of principles of programming languages, including:
- Reasons for studying programming language concepts such as improved ability to learn new languages.
- Categories of programming languages including imperative, functional, logic, and object-oriented languages.
- Factors that influence language design such as computer architecture and programming methodologies.
- Methods of describing syntax including Backus-Naur Form and context-free grammars. Attribute grammars add semantic information to parse trees.
- Implementation methods for languages including compilation, interpretation, and hybrid systems.
The document provides an introduction to computer programming. It discusses what a computer is and its basic parts including hardware and software. It describes the internal and external hardware components. It also explains different types of programming languages from low-level to high-level languages. The document then discusses programming paradigms like procedural, structured, and object-oriented programming. It introduces concepts like algorithms, flowcharts, and the system development life cycle which involves phases from feasibility study to implementation and maintenance.
The document provides an introduction to programming languages. It discusses the different levels of programming languages including low-level languages like machine language and assembly language that are close to hardware, and high-level languages like C++, Java, and Python that are more abstract. It also covers procedural languages which specify steps to complete tasks and object-oriented languages which model real-world objects. Examples are given of popular languages from each paradigm like C, Pascal, and PHP for procedural and C++, Java, Ruby for object-oriented.
The document summarizes different types of programming languages:
- Machine languages and assembly languages were early languages that mapped directly to computer hardware. They were inefficient for programmers.
- High-level languages like procedural languages made programming easier by using English-like syntax but were less efficient. Problem-oriented languages focused on solving specific problems.
- Compilers convert an entire program to machine code while interpreters convert each statement, making compilers generally more efficient once converted.
Principles of-programming-languages-lecture-notes-Krishna Sai
This document summarizes key concepts from Chapter 1 of a programming languages textbook. It discusses reasons for studying programming language concepts, including increased ability to express ideas, improved language choice, and easier learning of new languages. It also covers programming domains like scientific, business, AI and systems programming. The document evaluates language criteria such as readability, writability and reliability. It discusses influences on language design like computer architecture and programming methodologies. It categorizes languages as imperative, functional, logic and object-oriented. Finally, it provides examples of programming environments like UNIX, JBuilder and Visual Studio.
Programming language design and implemenationAshwini Awatare
The document discusses key topics in programming language design and implementation including:
1. The importance of studying programming languages to improve problem solving skills, learn new languages, and understand language design.
2. An overview of different programming paradigms like imperative, functional, object-oriented, and logic-based languages.
3. Factors that influence language design like software architectures, programming environments, internationalization needs, and standardization.
Python Intro Slides for Students CSC-148 Chapter 1Raza Ul Mustafa
This document provides an overview of an introductory Python programming course. It outlines the main topics to be covered, including variables, strings, functions, conditions, iterations, lists, dictionaries, tuples, recursion, object-oriented programming. It discusses installing Anaconda and Spyder for Python development and describes how to write the "Hello, World!" program. It also explains key concepts like algorithms, high-level vs low-level languages, interpreters, compilers, syntax errors, runtime errors, semantic errors, debugging, and comments.
This lecture introduces fundamental concepts of programming and Python. It discusses why we program, the difference between users and programmers, and basic Python concepts like scripts, the interpreter, and errors. Programming involves encoding instructions for computers as code. Python is an interpreted, general-purpose language. Debugging is the process of finding and fixing errors in code.
This document introduces Python programming and provides an overview of key concepts. It discusses why Python is a good first programming language due to its small, clean syntax and dynamic typing. It then covers basics like what a program is, how they take input, perform output and calculations, and use conditionals and repetition. It also defines debugging and common error types. It contrasts natural languages with formal languages used for programming and mathematics. Finally, it demonstrates a simple "Hello World!" Python program and reviews core vocabulary.
The type of a value refers to the kind of data it represents. In Python, the main types are:
- int - integer numbers like 1, 2, 100
- float - floating point numbers like 1.5, 3.14159
- str - strings, sequences of characters like 'hello'
- bool - boolean values True or False
When you write code, Python assigns a type to each value. The type determines how it can be used and what operations are valid on it. For example, you can add two integers but not add an integer to a string. Checking and understanding types is important for writing correct Python code.
This document discusses different programming paradigms and languages. It describes batch programs which run without user interaction and event-driven programs which respond to user events. It lists many popular programming languages from Machine Language to Java and C#, and describes low-level languages that are close to machine code and high-level languages that are more human-readable. It also discusses language translators like compilers, interpreters, and assemblers and how they convert code between languages. Finally, it covers testing, debugging, and different types of errors in code like syntax, semantic, and run-time errors.
This document discusses different programming paradigms and languages. It describes batch programs which run without user interaction and event-driven programs which respond to user events. It lists many popular programming languages from Machine Language to Java and C#, and describes low-level languages that are close to machine code and high-level languages that are more human-readable. It also discusses the different types of language translators like compilers, interpreters, and assemblers and how they convert code between languages. Finally, it covers testing, debugging, and different types of errors in programming.
This document provides an overview of programming paradigms and languages. It discusses batch programs which run without user interaction and process input data. It also discusses event-driven programs which respond to events like user clicks or system updates. The document lists many programming languages throughout history from machine language to modern languages like Java and C#. It defines programming languages and describes low-level languages that are close to machine code and high-level languages that are more human-readable. It also discusses language translators like compilers, interpreters, and assemblers that convert languages to machine code.
The document provides information about a course on Object Oriented Programming concepts in Python. It outlines 6 course outcomes related to illustrating Python basics, developing scripts using control statements and data types, constructing object oriented programs using functions, and applying concepts like inheritance, polymorphism, and exception handling. It also mentions the syllabus, books and references, and provides introductory information about Python including its history, uses, installation process, interpreted nature, and basic programming concepts.
This document provides an introduction to programming using C++. It outlines the course objectives which are to familiarize students with basic computer programming concepts and the C++ language. It discusses what a computer system entails from a hardware and software perspective. It also introduces different programming language types and how they are used to communicate with computer hardware. The document concludes by covering topics that will be taught in the first few lectures, including an introduction to C++ and its history, features of the C language, and key terminologies related to programming.
The document discusses various topics related to programming languages including:
- The definitions and generations of programming languages from machine language to fifth generation languages like Prolog.
- The differences between structured and object-oriented programming approaches. Structured programming uses top-down design while object-oriented programming packages data and functions into objects.
- The translation methods of assemblers, interpreters, and compilers in converting source code to machine-readable code. Assemblers translate assembly language, interpreters interpret code line-by-line, and compilers convert entire programs.
- Common programming elements like variables, data types, operators, and the phases of program development from problem analysis to documentation.
This document provides an introduction to computer programming concepts, including:
- A computer program is a sequence of instructions written in a programming language to perform a specified task on a computer. Programming languages include Python, Java, C++, and others.
- Computer programming, or coding, involves writing instructions in a programming language for a computer to execute. It allows computers to perform tasks like displaying messages, performing calculations, and more.
- Key elements of programming languages include data types, variables, operators, functions, and control structures like conditionals and loops. These elements are used to write programs to solve problems.
Contents
Pre-requisites
Approximate
completion
time
Page
number
Check
when
done
Pre-lab Reading Assignment 20 min. 2
Pre-lab Writing Assignment Pre-lab reading 10 min. 6
Lesson 1A
Lab 1.1
Opening, Compiling and
Pre-lab reading
20 min.
7
Running Your First Program (Including overview
of local system)
Lab 1.2
Compiling a Program
Familiarity with
15 min.
7
with a Syntax Error the environment
Finished Lab 1.1
continues
L E S S O N S E T
1
Introduction to Programming
and the Translation Process
PURPOSE 1. To become familiar with the login process and the C++ environment used in the lab
2. To understand the basics of program design and algorithm development
3. To learn, recognize and correct the three types of computer errors:
syntax errors
run time errors
logic errors
4. To learn the basics of an editor and compiler and be able to compile and run
existing programs
5. To enter code and run a simple program from scratch
PROCEDURE 1. Students should read the Pre-lab Reading Assignment before coming to lab.
2. Students should complete the Pre-lab Writing Assignment before coming to lab.
3. In the lab, students should complete Labs 1.1 through 1.4 in sequence. Your
instructor will give further instructions as to grading and completion of the lab.
1
2 LESSON SET 1 Introduction to Programming and the Translation Process
Lab 1.3
Running a Program with a Understanding of 15 min. 8
Run Time Error the three types
of errors
Lesson 1B
Lab 1.4
Working with Logic Errors Understanding of 15 min. 9
logic errors
Lab 1.5
Writing Your First Program Finished Labs 30 min. 11
1.1 through 1.4
P R E - L A B R E A D I N G A S S I G N M E N T
Computer Systems
A computer system consists of all the components (hardware and software)
used to execute the desires of the computer user. Hardware is the electronic phys-
ical components that can retrieve, process and store data. It is generally broken
down into five basic components:
Central Processing This is the unit where programs are executed. It
Unit (C.P.U.) consists of the control unit, which oversees the
overall operation of program execution and the
A.L.U. (Arithmetic/Logic Unit), which performs the
mathematical and comparison operations.
Main Memory The area where programs and data are stored for
use by the CPU
Secondary Storage The area where programs and data are filed (stored)
for use at a later time
Input Devices The devices used to get programs and data into the
computer (e.g., a keyboard)
Output Devices The devices used to get programs and data from the
computer (e.g., a printer)
Software consists of a sequence of instructions given to perform some pre-defined
task. These labs concentrate on the software portion of a computer system.
Introductio ...
Specification Of The Programming Language Of JavaKim Moore
- First generation languages are machine languages that use binary code directly, requiring programmers to manipulate toggle switches to program computers in the 1940s-1950s. This allowed for very efficient execution but made programs difficult to write and fix errors in.
- Programming languages have evolved through 5 generations, with each generation bringing programming to a higher level of abstraction and easier use for humans. Early generations used machine language directly while later ones introduced assembly languages, high-level languages, and object-oriented languages.
- The passage discusses first generation machine languages as the lowest level, directly using binary for computation on early computers without compilers or assemblers yet. This allowed for
Introduction to Computer.
Program and Programming.
Languages.
Types of Programming Languages.
Low-Level Languages.
Assembly languages.
High-Level Languages.
History of Programming.
Languages.
Translators.
Compiler.
Interpreter.
Typical C Program Development.
Environment
The C Programming Language
Characteristics of C language
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computer business basic computer
Characteristics of C language
Basic Program Structure in C
Language
This document provides an overview of topics related to computer programming, including hardware/software interfaces, types of software, programming languages, compilation, and interpretation. It discusses layers of the machine from hardware to system software to applications. Key points covered include the roles of compilers, linkers, and interpreters in translating between source code, assembly language, and machine language. It also distinguishes between compilation and interpretation and provides examples of different programming language paradigms.
Computer programming involves writing instructions, known as source code, in a programming language to allow computers to perform tasks. There are different types of programming languages, including low-level machine languages that use 1s and 0s and high-level languages that are closer to English. When writing code in a high-level language, programmers use compilers or interpreters to translate the code into machine language that CPUs can understand. The CPU then executes programs by repeating a fetch-decode-execute cycle to read and carry out each instruction.
Python Programming and ApplicationsUnit-1.docxManohar k
Python is a general-purpose, high-level programming language that is interpreted, interactive, and object-oriented. It was created by Guido van Rossum in the 1980s. Python code is highly readable and uses indentation rather than curly braces. It supports features like object-oriented programming, is beginner friendly, and has a large standard library. Python is also interpreted, high-level, portable, and has an easy to learn syntax compared to languages like C. It is commonly used for web development, data science, and scripting.
Systems programming involves developing programs that interface computer systems with users and other programs. These programs include compilers, interpreters, and I/O routines. Systems programs must handle unpredictable events like errors and coordinate asynchronously executing programs. The document introduces concepts like syntax, semantics, domains, semantic gaps, and language processors like compilers and interpreters. It discusses how programming languages bridge gaps between application and execution domains.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
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Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
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Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
2. Programming Principles
Four lectures a week for 14 weeks
Class: 12h30, Tuesday
12h30, Wednesday
09h30-11h25, Friday
Practical session: Thursday 16h30
Test: 2 minimum, assignment, presentation, Quiz
3. Ms. Ntinda M.N
Assistance: Mathe and Paulus
Light talks (5 min max)
Install:
Windows OS
Python 3….
gedit
Day1
4. Is to teach you to think like a
computer Scientist
This way of thinking combines
some of the best features of
mathematics, engineering and
natural science
Goal
5. Like Mathematicians, Computer scientists use formal
languages to denote ideas(Specifically computation)
Like Engineers, they design things, assembling
components into systems and evaluating tradeoffs
among alternatives
Like Scientists, they observe the behavior of complex
systems, form hypotheses and test predictions
Goal
6. Natural Language Formal Language
Full of ambiguity which people deal with
by using contextual clues and other
information
Designed to be nearly or completely
unambiguous, which means that any
statement has exactly one meaning,
regardless of context
In order to make up for ambiguity and
reduce misunderstanding, natural
languages employ lots of redundancy
Less redundant and more concise
Literalness are full of idiom and
metaphor
Mean exactly what they say
Natural language vs Formal
Language
7. The single most important skill for a computer
Scientist is problem solving
Goal
8. The ability to formulate problems, think creatively
about solutions and express a solution clearly and
accurately.
The process of learning to program is an excellent
opportunity to practice problem solving skills
Problem Solving means:
9. Is an artificial language used to write instructions that can
be translated into machine language and then executed by
a computer. Examples:
Python
Visual basics
Java
C#
C++
Pearl
What is a programming Language
10. The programming Language you will be learning in
this course is Python
Python is an example of a high level programming
language.
Other High level programming languages:
C,C++,Perl and Java
Programming Language
11. There are also low-level programming languages,
sometimes referred to as “machine Languages” or
“Assembly languages”
Example of low level programming Languages:
Machine language and Assembly language
Programming Languages
13. High level enable a programmer to
write programs that are more or less independent of
a particular type of computer.
Such languages are considered high-level because
they are closer to human languages and further
from machine languages.
In contrast, assembly languages are considered low-
level because they are very close to machine
languages.
Define: High level language, Low
level languages
14. Computers can only execute programs written in low
level languages.
Programs written in high level language have to be
processed before they can run.
This extra processing takes some time, which is a
small disadvantage of high level languages.
15. A related meaning "to execute" refers to the specific
action of a user starting (or launching or invoking) a
program, as in "Please run the ... application.“
“RUN”
16. High level Low level
It is much easier to program Difficult to program
Takes less time to write, shorter
and easier to read and more likely
to be correct
Take longer to write and not easy
to read
Portable(they can run on
different kinds of computers with
or no modifications)
Low level programs can run on
only one kind of computer and
have to be rewritten to run on
another
High level vs low level languages
17. Two kinds of programs process high-level languages
into low-level languages:
Interpreters and Compilers
High-level program languages
18. A compiler reads the program and translate it
completely before the program starts running.
Compiler
Compiler Object code
Executor Output
19. In this case, a high-level language is called, a source
code and the translated program is called the object
code or the executable.
Once a program is compiled, you can execute it
repeatedly without further translation
Compiler continue……
20. An interpreter reads a high-level program and
executes it, meaning that it does what the program
says, it processes the program a little at a time,
alternatively reading times and performing
computations
Interpreter
OutputInterpreter
Source
Code
21. Python is considered to be an interpreted language
because python programs are executed by an
interpreter
Interpreter
22. A program is a sequence of instructions that specifies
how to perform a computation.
The computation might be something mathematical
such as solving a system of equations or finding the
roots of a polynomial, but it can also be a symbolic
computation such as searching and replacing text in a
document
What Is a program?
23. Input: get data from the keyboard, a file or some
other device
Output: Display data on the screen or send data to a
file or other device
Math: perform basic mathematical operations like
addition and multiplication
Conditional execution:
Check for certain condition and execute the appropriate
sequence of statement.
Perform some repeatedly, usually with some variation
Every program you have ever used is
made up of the following
instructions:
24. Programming is the process of breaking a large
complex task into smaller and smaller subtasks until
the subtasks are simple enough to be performed with
one of these basic instructions.
What is programming
25. Programming is a complex process, and because it is
done by human beings, it often leads to errors.
Python can only execute a program if the program is
syntactically correct otherwise the process fails and
returns an error message.
Three kinds of errors
Runtime errors
Syntax errors
Semantic errors
What is debugging
26. Syntax refers to the structure of a program and the
rules about that structure.
Example:
In English, a sentence must begin with a capital letter
and end with a period.
In English, you can be forgiven when you have a
grammatical error.
Python is not forgiving
Syntax errors
27. If there is a single error anywhere in your program,
python will print an error message and quit, and you
will not be able to run your program
Learn your Syntax
Beginners spend more time tracking errors, make use
of Google……with experience, you will make few
errors and track them down easier
Syntax errors cont……
28. Runtime errors does not appear until you run the
program.
These errors are also called exceptions because they
usually indicate that something exceptional(and bad)
has happened.
Runtime errors are rare in the simple programs, you
will see in the first few examples you might not
encounter one
Runtime errors
29. Occurs when the program run successfully, in the
sense that the computer will not generate any error
messages but it will not do the right thing.
The program will do something else.
Semantic errors
30. Example:
We want to add 5+10 = 15 instead we add 3+10 = 13.
Identifying semantic errors can be tricky because it
requires you to work backward by looking at the
output of the program and trying to figure out what it
is doing
Semantic errors cont….
31. Know how to debug
For some people, debugging and programming is the
same thing.
Programming is the process of gradually debugging a
program until it does what you want.
Debugging
32. Command-line mode and script mode
In command-line mode, you type python programs
and the interpreter prints the results
In a script mode, you can write a program in a file and
use the interpreter to execute the contents of the
file. Such a file is called a script.
Use a text editor to crate a file.
As with MsWord file .doc,,,,,,,,python files end with
.py
There are two ways to use an
interpreter:
33. Python is a very popular programming language that
can be used for creating websites, games, scientific
software, graphics
Python originated in the late 1980s and its main goal
is to be readable by human beings (not only
machines!).
Python
34. https://www.python.org/downloads/
make sure you scroll down and choose the "Add
python.exe to the Path" option, as
shown here:
Type python in cmd to
Confirm it was
successfully installed
Download Python for Windows
from the website
35. Gedit is an open-source, free editor, available for all
operating systems.
http://ftp.gnome.org/pub/GNOME/binaries/win32/gedi
t/2.30/
Why are we installing a code editor?
Code needs to be plain text
Problem with programs like Word and Textedit is that
they don't actually produce plain text, they produce rich
text (with fonts and formatting)
Code editors provide helpful features, like highlighting
code with colour according to its meaning, or
Code editor: gedit
36. command line or command-line interface
is a text-based application for viewing, handling, and
manipulating files on your computer.
Other names for the command line are:
cmd,CLI, prompt, console or terminal.
Open the command-line interface
Windows
Go to Start menu → All Programs → Accessories →
Command Prompt.
Prompt
On Windows, it's a > sign, like this: command-line >
Introduction to the command-line
interface
37. Current directory (know where we are)
> cd
C:Usersnntinda.UNAM.000
List files and directories (what's in it?)
> dir
Directory of C:Usersnntinda.UNAM.000
05/06/2015 07:28 PM <DIR> Applications
05/06/2015 07:28 PM <DIR> Desktop
05/06/2015 07:28 PM <DIR> Downloads
05/06/2015 07:28 PM <DIR> Music ...
Basics: Each operating system has a slightly
different set of commands for the command
line
38. Change current directory (let's go to Desktop directory)
> cd Desktop
PRO tip:
if you type cd D and then hit tab on your keyboard,
the command line will automatically autofill the
rest of the name so you can navigate faster. If
there is more than one folder starting with "D", hit
the tab button twice to get a list of options.
Basics: Each operating system has a slightly
different set of commands for the command
line
39. Create directory (folder) title: helloWorld
> mkdir helloWorld
PRO tip:
If you don't want to type the same commands over and
over, try pressing the up arrow and down arrow on your
keyboard to cycle through recently used commands.
Basics: Each operating system has a slightly
different set of commands for the command
line
40. • Create a folder on your desktop called firstYearDiploma
• In your newly created firstYearDiploma directory create a
directory called name,20150999(student number).
Exercise