Cloud penetration testing evaluates the security of cloud-hosted data and services, employing methodologies similar to external penetration tests without requiring on-site presence. It encompasses various services, including IaaS, PaaS, SaaS, hybrid cloud testing, compliance testing, and social engineering techniques. Industry-standard methodologies such as OSSTMM, NIST SP 800-115, and OWASP guides are employed to ensure thorough examination of cloud security.