This document provides an overview of cloud computing. It defines cloud computing as utilizing virtual shared servers and resources over the internet. The document outlines the key components of cloud computing including infrastructure, platforms, software, and client access. It also describes the various deployment models (public, private, hybrid, community) and service models (SaaS, PaaS, IaaS). Some advantages of cloud computing are flexibility to access resources anywhere, low costs since hardware/software are rented as needed, and rapid scalability without large upfront investments.

1. 1
A Report On
Cloud computing

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INDEX
1. Acknowledgement
2. Abstract
3. Introduction
4. What Is Cloud Computing?
5. Cloud Computing Architecture
6. Cloud Components
7. Types Of Cloud Computing
8. Advantage Of Cloud Computing
9. Disadvantage Of Cloud Computing
10. Conclusion
11. References

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I take this opportunity with much pleasure to thank all the people who have helped me through the
course of my journey towards producing this thesis. I sincerely thank my seminar guide, prof. Mrs.
Jayashree Singha for her guidance, help and motivation. Apart from the subject of my seminar. I
learnt a lot from her, which I ensure, will be helpful in different stage of my life.
Guided By Submitted By
Jayashree Singha Aparna Kumari

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ABSTRACT
The term “Cloud Computing” is a recent buzzword in the IT world. Behind this fancy poetic
phrase, there lies a true picture for the future of computing for both in technical prospective and
social prospective. However, the term “Cloud Computing” is recent but the idea of centralizing
computation and storage in distributed data centers maintained by third party companies is not new
but it came in the way back in 1990s along with distributed computing approaches like grid
computing. Cloud computing aimed at providing IT as a service to the cloud users on-demand
basic with greater flexibility, availability, reliability and scalability with utility computing model.

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INTRODUCTION
Cloud Computing is Internet-based computing, where by shared resources, software and
resources are provided to computers and other devices on demand, like the electricity grid.
Cloud Computing is a paradigm shift following the shift from mainframe to client-server in early
1980s.Details are abstracted from the users, who no longer have need to expertise in, or control
over, the technology infrastructure “in the cloud” that supports them.
FIG-1 Cloud Computing Introduction

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WHAT IS CLOUD COMPUTING?
Cloud Computing is Internet based computing where virtual shared servers provide software,
infrastructure, platform, devices and other resources and hosting to customers on a pay-as-you-use
basis.
All information that are digitized system has to offer is provided as a service in the cloud
computing model.
User can access these services available on the “Internet Cloud” without having any pervious
knowledge about managing the resources involved. Thus user can concentrate more on their core
business processes rather than spending time and gaining knowledge on resources needed to
manage their business process.
Cloud Computing customers do not own the physical infrastructure rather they rent the usage from
third party provider. This helps them to avoid huge cost. They consume resources as a service and
pay only for resources that they use.
Most cloud computing infrastructure consist of services delivered through common centers on
built on servers.
FIG - 2 Cloud Computing

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CLOUD COMPUTING ARCHITECTURE:
Cloud Computing architecture comprises of many cloud components, which are loosely coupled.
We can broadly divide the cloud architecture into two parts:
 Front End
 Back End
Each of the ends is connected through a network, usually Internet. The following diagram shows
the graphical view of cloud computing architecture:
FRONT END:
The front end refers to the client part of cloud computing system. It consists of interfaces and
applications that are required to access the cloud computing platforms, Example - Web Browser.
FIG -3 Cloud Computing Architecture

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BACKEND:
The back End refers to the cloud itself. It consists of all the resources required to provide cloud
computing services. It comprises of huge data storage, virtual machines, security mechanism,
services, deployment models, servers, etc.
It is the responsibility of the back end to provide built-in security mechanism, traffic control and
protocols.
The server employs certain protocols known as middleware, which help the connected devices to
communicate with each other.
CLOUD COMPONENTS:
Cloud has three components:
1. Client Computers
2. Distributed Servers
3. Data Centers
FIG –4 CLOUD COMPONENTS

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CLIENT COMPUTERS:
A client computer is an individual computer that accesses the information and programs stored
on a server as part of a network environment.
Client computers are simply those which are operated by the ‘end-user’ of the client server system
of the internet, i.e. employed by individuals browsing the internet, sending email messages etc.
Client Computers are of three types:
1. Mobile
2. Thick
3. Thin
DISTRIBUTED SERVERS:
Distributed cloud is the application of cloud computing technologies to interconnect data and
applications served from multiple geographic locations.
Cloud providers use the distributed model to enable lower latency and provide better performance
for cloud services.
DATA CENTER:
A data center is a facility composed of networked computers and storage that businesses or other
organizations use to organize, process, store and disseminate large amounts of data. A business
typically relies heavily upon the applications, services and data contained within a data center,
making it a focal point and critical asset for everyday operations.

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TYPES OF CLOUD COMPUTING
Cloud Computing have to models.
1. Deployment Models
2. Services Models
DEPLOYMENT MODELS:
Deployment models defines the type of access to the cloud.
Deployment models are divided into four models mentioned below:
1. Public
2. Private
3. Hybrid
4. Community
PUBLIC CLOUD
Public Clouds are made available to general public by a service provider who hosts the cloud
infrastructure. Generally, public cloud providers like Amazon AWS, Microsoft and Google own
and operate the infrastructure and offer access over the Internet. With this model, costumers have
no visibility or control over where the infrastructure is located. It is important to note that all
customers on public clouds share the same infrastructure pool with limited configuration, security
protection and availability variances.
FIG-5 Types Of Deployment Models

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Public cloud customers benefit from economics of scale, because infrastructure costs are spread
across all users, allowing each individual client to operate on a low-cost, “pay-as-you-go” model.
PRIVATE CLOUD
Private Cloud is a cloud infrastructure dedicated to a particular organization. Private Cloud
allow businesses to host applications in the cloud, while addressing concerns regarding data
security and control, which is often lacking in a public cloud environment. It is not shared with
other organization, whether managed internally or by a third- party, and it can be hosted internally
or externally.
FIG- 6 Cloud Management Service For Public Cloud

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HYBRID CLOUD
Hybrid Clouds are composition of two or more clouds (public, private or community ) that
remain unique entities but are bound together offering the advantage of multiple deployment
models. In a hybrid cloud, we can leverage third party cloud providers in either a full or partial
manner, increasing the flexibility of computing.
Hybrid cloud architecture requires both on- premise resources and off- site server based cloud
infrastructure.
FIG – 7 Private Cloud Architecture

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COMMUNITY CLOUD
Community Cloud is another type of cloud computing in which the setup of the cloud is shared
manually among different organizations that belong to the same community or area. Example of
such a community is where organizations/firms are there along with the financial
institutions/banks. A multi-tenant setup developed using cloud among different organizations that
belong to a particular community or group having similar computing concern.
FIG – 8 Hybrid Cloud Architecture
FIG – 9 Community Cloud Architecture

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SERIVCE MODELS
Service models are categorized into three basic models:
I. Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)
II. Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS)
III. Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS)
SOFTWARE-AS-A-SERVICE (SaaS):
SaaS refers to software that’s made available as a web-based services. Because you can access
the software remotely, you don’t need additional hardware to use or run it. Furthermore, you don’t
have to worry about the software’s installation, setup, maintenance or upgrades. An example of
SaaS is a site that allows you to create, save and access documents online.
PLATFORM-AS-A-SERVICE (PaaS):
PaaS is a complete development and deployment environment in the cloud, with resources that
enable you to deliver everything from simple cloud-based apps to sophisticated, cloud-enabled
enterprise applications.
FIG – 10 Types Of Service Cloud

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INFRASTRUCTURE-AS-A-SERVICE (IaaS):
IaaS refers to computer infrastructure (e.g. virtualization) that’s delivered as a service. A data
center that offers outsourced software and servers may use IaaS for its operation.
ADVANTAGE OF CLOUD COMPUTING
The following are some of the possible advantage of Cloud Computing.
 Flexibility:
There is a high rate of flexibility when using cloud computing because people can use only
that much of resources which they require. One of the major benefit of cloud computing
is that there is no limitation of place and medium. We can access out applications and data
anywhere in the world, on any system.
 Low Cost:
Companies can save big by employing cloud computing as it eliminates cost for hardware
and software. With cloud computing, company uses the resources of the hosting company
to store their data and applications. Companies also pay for use of the software and
program by paying a subscription fee.
Users will also save money on software updates, management costs, and data storage costs.
It is a cheaper way to maintain the software and it will save time, as the developers keep
track of updates and maintain your programs while you use it.
 Speed & Scales:
Traditional methods to buy and configure hardware and software are time consuming.
There is no need to purchase and setup hardware manually when using the cloud
computing method. Cloud computing provides a rapid deployment model that enables
applications to grow quickly to match increasing usage requirements. Depending upon
their needs the user can quickly scale up or scale down.
 Easier Management of Data and Information:
Since all data are located on a centralized location, data are more organized making it is
to manage. All transactions are also recorded so management can easily track activities of
their employees
 Increased Storage Capacity:
Increased storage capacity is another benefit of the cloud computing, as it can store more
data as compared to a personal computer. So it saves us from the upgrading computer
memory that helps to reduce the cost for companies and users.

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 Automatic Update:
It saves companies time and effort to update multiples server. On the other hand. It also
helps users to download updates for the software. Once the server gets updated the user
can get the updates without doing anything.
 Easy to Learn and Understand:
Thus allowing you to save lots of money in implementing any new system and making
arrangements for training on the same. Since the peoples are quiet used to cloud
applications like Gmail, Google Docs etc., so anything related to the same is most likely
to be understand by the user.
DISADVANTAGE OF CLOUD COMPUTING:
The following are some of the possible disadvantage of Cloud Computing.
 Dependency:
One of the major disadvantage of cloud computing is user’s dependency on the xloud
providers. Internet users don’t have their data stored with them.
 Risk:
Cloud computing services means taking services from remote servers. There is always
insecurity regarding stored documents because users do not have control over their
software. Nothing can be recovered if their servers go out of service.
 Requires a Constant Internet Connection:
The most obvious disadvantage is that Cloud Computing completely relies on network
connection.
It makes your business dependent on the reliability of your internet connection. When it
id offline you are offline. If you don’t have an internet connection, you can’t access
anything, even your own data. A dead internet connection means no work.
Similarly, a low network connection makes cloud computing painful .In other words cloud
computing is not for slow internet connection.
 Security and Privacy:
Security and privacy are the biggest concern about cloud computing. Companies might
feel uncomfortable knowing that their data stored in a virtual server which makes
responsibility on the security of the data difficult to determine even users might fell
uncomfortable handing over their data to third party.
Privacy is another big issue with the cloud computing server. To make cloud servers more
secure to ensure that a client data is not accessed by any unauthorized users, cloud service
providers have developed password protected accounts, security servers through which all
data being transferred must pass the data encryption technique.

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 Migration Issue:
Migration problem is also a big concern about cloud computing. If the user wants to switch
to some other provider then it is not easy to transfer huge data from one provider to
another.

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CONCLUSION:
 So, while cloud computing is really great and you are probably already using it, either for
business or for personal means, here is what we have learned from taking looks at the
report:
 Cloud computing is really cheap way for companies to have all the resources they need in
once place.
 It is a much better way to spread your resource , and it becomes easier to access things
from longer distance.

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REFERENCES
1. https://www.tutorialride.com/cloud-computing/service-models-in-cloud-computing.htm
2. https://www.tutorialspoint.com/cloud_computing/cloud_computing_architecture.htm
3. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_computing
4. https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/cloud-computing/
5. https://www.tutorialspoint.com/cloud_computing/