Cloud computing enables cost savings, scalability, and enhanced collaboration by moving services and data off-site to centralized facilities. It includes three service models: SaaS, PaaS, and IaaS, with distinctive deployment models such as private, community, public, and hybrid clouds. Effective resource management and understanding the nuances of cloud technology are essential for leveraging its flexibility and achieving business goals.

1. Cloud Computing
An Introduction and Overview
Tom Creighton
CTO, Family Search
tc@familysearch.org

2. Topic Areas
•Cloud computing overview
•Example large-scale cloud bursting application
•Resource management in an enterprise cloud

3. Why Cloud Computing?
•Cost Savings
–Economies of scale
–Use what’s needed; shut down what’s not
•CapExto OpEx
–Not necessarily an objective;
–Projects move forward without large infrastructure investment
•Scalability, Availability, Flexibility, Security
•Opportunity benefit (maybe the biggest)

4. Cloud Computing Definitions
•Essential Characteristics
–On-demand self-service
–Broad network access
–Resource pooling
–Rapid elasticity
–Measured service
•Service Models
–Software as a Service
–Platform as a Service
–Infrastructure as a Service
NIST defines five essential characteristics, three service models, and four deployment models.

5. Cloud Computing Definitions
ACM CTO Roundtables
What is Cloud Computing?
Cloud computing is about moving services, computation and/or data—for cost and business advantage—off-site to an internal or external, location-transparent, centralized facility or contractor. By making data available in the cloud, it can be more easily and ubiquitously accessed, often at much lower cost, increasing its value by enabling opportunities for enhanced collaboration, integration, and analysis on a shared common platform.
Three divisions (areas):
•SaaS: WAN-enabled application services (eg. Google Apps, Salesforce.com, WebEx.)
•PaaS: Foundational elements to develop new applications (eg. Coghead, Google Application Engine.)
•Iaas: Providing computational and storage infrastructure in a centralized, location-transparent service (eg. Amazon.)

6. Cloud Computing Definitions
•The term "Cloud Computing" refers to the on-demand delivery of IT resources via the Internet with pay-as- you-go pricing.

7. Cloud Computing Models
•Deployment Models
–Private cloud
–Community cloud
–Public cloud
–Hybrid cloud
NIST cloud computing reference architecture

8. Cloud Conceptual Framework

9. Cisco Domain Ten Framework

11. AWS Regions and Edge Locations

12. Regions and Availability Zones

13. Not All Regions Have Same Number of Zones

14. Cisco Domain Ten Framework

15. AWS Account Management

16. Cisco Domain Ten Framework

17. AWS Service Catalog

18. S3 Management Console

19. S3 Objects in a Bucket

20. An Example Cloud Use

21. CloudburstingExample
•1 Trillion pairs to classify
•500 TB of data
•10 TB result set
•CPU Bound
–Single core: ~ 1000-1500 classify ops/s
•11.5 K core-days

22. Approach
•AWS c1.xlarge spot instances
–8 core, 24GB RAM
–$0.075 on AWS spot market
–Best CPU/$ ratio
•HP Blades in familysearch.org datacenter
–8 core, 24 GB RAM
–300 servers

23. Issues to Address
•Machine Instability
–Machine death from AWS spot instance volatility
–Hardware failure (1000s of machines –certainty)
•Coordination
–Partitioning the work
–Different server clusters
•Different awsavailability zones
•Fs.org datacenter
–Restart failed processes

24. The Solution
•Single Queue Multiple Reader Pattern
–SQS with visibility timeouts to manage retries
–Dead letter queue for messages failing > threshold
•Claim Check Pattern
–AWS S3 as data store
•Homogeneous, Idempotent work units
–15-20 minute target completion time
–0 side effects
–Work may get done multiple times

25. Claim Check -EIP

27. Results
•Work Completed
•64 hours
•1000 machines avg.; ~2500 peak
•$5000
–6X cost savings over previous Hadoop based solution
•300 lines of Java/bash code
•1 engineer / 1 week

28. Next Steps
•Better metrics
–Log aggregations via Splunk
–Performance counters
•Better deployment
–CloudFormation
•AWS Simple Workflow (SWF) for better server lifetime management
•Investigate other OSS possibilities
–Storm
–Hadoop YARN
–akka

29. Conclusion
•Cloud technology offers new opportunities in scale, availability, security and management.
•Properly using these tools is necessary to achieve business goals.
•CapExto OpExis one reason to move to cloud computing.
•A more important reason is the tremendous flexibility that the environment offers.
•VPC provides the kinds of governance and security an enterprise needs to be comfortable with so much power under the hood.
•Resource management is crucial in an enterprise environment.