The document discusses cloud computing concepts including definitions, types of cloud computing (public, private, hybrid, community cloud), differences between cloud computing and traditional computing, advantages and disadvantages of cloud computing, examples of cloud computing, and more. Specifically, it defines cloud computing as a model for enabling network access to configurable computing resources that can be provisioned on-demand with minimal management effort. It also discusses key characteristics of cloud computing like scalability, device independence, and pay-per-use model.

1. Cloud Computing Concepts
Mr. Ramanathan G
Assistant Professor
Department of Computer Science
Kristu Jayanti College

2. Introduction
Unit 1

3. The term cloud refers to a network or the internet
It is a technology that uses remote servers on the internet to store, manage,
and access data online rather than local drives
The data can be anything such as files, images, documents, audio, video,
and more
What can be done using Cloud?
 Developing new applications and services
 Storage, back up, and recovery of data
 Hosting blogs and websites
 Delivery of software on demand
 Analysis of data
 Streaming videos and audios
Cloud Computing

4. According to the official NIST (National Institute of Standard and
Technology) definition
Cloud Computing is a model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-
demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing
resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications and services) that
can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management
Note:
 must have internet connectivity to make use of cloud computing technology
 It is evolved from existing technologies like distributed computing, utility computing
and grid computing
Cloud Computing

5. Need for Cloud Computing

6. Differences between Cloud Computing and Traditional Computing
Cloud Computing Traditional Computing
It refers to delivery of different services such as
data and programs through internet on different
servers.
It refers to delivery of different services on
local server.
It takes place on third-party servers that is hosted
by third-party hosting companies.
It takes place on physical hard drives and
website severs.
It is ability to access data anywhere at any time
by user.
User can access data only on system in which
data is stored.
It is more cost effective as compared to
traditional computing as operation and
maintenance of server is shared among several
parties that in turn reduce cost of public services.
It is less cost effective as compared to cloud
computing because one has to buy expensive
equipment’s to operate and maintain server.

7. Differences between Cloud Computing and Traditional Computing(Contd..)
Cloud Computing Traditional Computing
It is more user-friendly as compared to
traditional computing because user can
have access to data anytime anywhere
using internet.
It is less user-friendly as compared to cloud
computing because data cannot be accessed
anywhere and if user has to access data in another
system, then he need to save it in external storage
medium.
It requires fast, reliable and stable
internet connection to access
information anywhere at any time.
It does not require any internet connection to
access data or information.
It provides more storage space and
servers as well as more computing
power so that applications and software
run must faster and effectively.
It provides less storage as compared to cloud
computing.

8. Differences between Cloud Computing and Traditional Computing(Contd..)
Cloud Computing Traditional Computing
It provides scalability and elasticity i.e.,
one can increase or decrease storage
capacity, server resources, etc.,
according to business needs.
It does not provide any scalability and elasticity.
Cloud service is served by provider’s
support team.
It requires own team to maintain and monitor
system that will need a lot of time and efforts.
Software is offered as an on-demand
service (SaaS) that can be accessed
through subscription service.
Software in purchased individually for every user
and requires to be updated periodically.

9. Public Cloud
 cloud infrastructure hosted by service providers and made available to
the public
 customers have no control or visibility about the infrastructure
Private Cloud
 cloud infrastructure dedicated to a particular IT organization for it to
host applications so that it can have complete control over the data
without any fear of security breach
Community Cloud
 multi-tenant cloud infrastructure where the cloud is shared by several IT
organizations
Hybrid Cloud
combination or 2 or more different types of the above-mentioned clouds
Cloud -Types

10.  A distributed system is a collection of independent computers that appears to
its users as a single coherent system
 Distributed Computing can be defined as the use of a distributed system to
solve a single large problem by breaking it down into several tasks where each
task is computed in the individual computers of the distributed system. A
distributed system consists of more than one self-directed computer that
communicates through a network
 Uses Remote Procedure calls and Remote Method Invocation for distributed
computations
Distributed Computing

11. It is classified into 3 different types such as
1. Distributed Computing Systems
 computers connected within a network which communicate through
message passing to keep a track of their actions
2. Distributed Information Systems
 to distribute information across different servers through various
communication models like RMI and RPC
3. Distributed Pervasive Systems
 consist of embedded computer devices such as portable ECG monitors,
wireless cameras, PDA’s, sensors and mobile devices
Distributed Computing - Types

12.  World Wide Web
 Social Media Giant Facebook
 Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS)
 ATM
 Cloud Network Systems (Specialized form of Distributed Computing Systems)
 Google Bots, Google Web Server, Indexing Server
Example:
Google Web Server, from users perspective while they submit the searched query,
they assume google web server as a single system. However, behind the curtain,
google has built a lot of servers which is distributed (geographically and
computationally) to give us the result within few seconds
Distributed Computing-Examples

13.  Highly efficient
 Scalability
 Less tolerant to failures
 High Availability
 Better price/performance ratio
 Provides more computational power
Distributed Computing-Advantages

14.  Grid computing is the use of widely distributed computer resources to reach a
common goal.
 Grid computing is the practice of leveraging multiple computers, often
geographically distributed but connected by networks, to work together to
accomplish joint tasks. It is typically run on a data grid, a set of computers
that directly interact with each other to coordinate jobs.
 Grid computing is distinguished from conventional high-performance
computing systems such as cluster computing in that grid computers have
each node set to perform a different task/application
 Grids are a form of distributed computing whereby a "super virtual computer"
is composed of many networked loosely coupled computers acting together to
perform large tasks
Grid Computing

16. How Grid Computing works???

17. Utility computing
 Utility computing is the process of providing computing service
through an on-demand, pay-per-use billing method
 Utility computing is a computing business model in which the
provider owns, operates and manages the computing infrastructure
and resources and the subscribers accesses it as and when required
on a rental or metered basis

18. Characteristics of Cloud Computing
High availability and reliability
The availability of servers is high and more reliable ,therefore the chances of
infrastructure failure are minimum
High Scalability
Cloud offers "on-demand" provisioning of resources on a large scale, without
having engineers for peak loads
Multi-Sharing
With the help of cloud computing, multiple users and applications can work
more efficiently with cost reductions by sharing common infrastructure
Agility
The cloud works in a distributed computing environment. It shares resources
among users and works very fast.

19. Device and Location Independence
It enables the users to access systems using a web browser regardless of their
location or what device they use . As infrastructure is off-site (typically
provided by a third-party) and accessed via the Internet, users can connect
from anywhere
Maintenance
Maintenance of cloud computing applications is easier, since they do not need
to be installed on each user's computer and can be accessed from different
places,hence reduces the cost
Characteristics of Cloud Computing (Contd..)

20. Low Cost
By using cloud computing, the cost will be reduced because to take the
services of cloud computing, IT company need not to set its own
infrastructure and pay-as-per usage of resources
Services in the pay-per-use mode
Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) are provided to the users so
that they can access services on the cloud by using these APIs and pay the
charges as per the usage of services
Characteristics of Cloud Computing (Contd..)

21.  YouTube is the best example of cloud storage which hosts millions of
user uploaded video files.
 Picasa and Flickr host millions of digital photographs allowing their
users to create photo albums online by uploading pictures to their
service’s servers.
 Google Docs is another best example of cloud computing that allows
users to upload presentations, word documents and spreadsheets to their
data servers. Google Docs allows users edit files and publish their
documents for other users to read or make edits
Cloud Computing -Examples

22. Advantages of Cloud Computing

23. Advantages of Cloud Computing
Back-up and restore data
Once the data is stored in the cloud, it is easier to get back-up and restore that data
using the cloud
Improved collaboration
Cloud applications improve collaboration by allowing groups of people to quickly
and easily share information in the cloud via shared storage
Excellent accessibility
Cloud allows us to quickly and easily access store information anywhere, anytime
in the whole world, using an internet connection. An internet cloud infrastructure
increases organization productivity and efficiency by ensuring that our data is
always accessible
Low maintenance cost
Cloud computing reduces both hardware and software maintenance costs for
organizations.

24. Advantages of Cloud Computing (Contd..)
Mobility
Cloud computing allows us to easily access all cloud data via mobile.
Services in the pay-per-use model
Cloud computing offers Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) to the users for
access services on the cloud and pays the charges as per the usage of service
Unlimited storage capacity
Cloud offers us a huge amount of storing capacity for storing our important data
such as documents, images, audio, video, etc. in one place
Data security
Data security is one of the biggest advantages of cloud computing. Cloud offers
many advanced features related to security and ensures that data is securely stored
and handled

25. Disadvantages of Cloud Computing
Internet Connectivity
As every data is stored on the cloud, and we access these data through the cloud
by using the internet connection. If you do not have good internet connectivity,
you cannot access these data. And we have no any other way to access data from
the cloud
Vendor lock-in
Vendor lock-in is the biggest disadvantage of cloud computing. Organizations
may face problems when transferring their services from one vendor to another.
As different vendors provide different platforms, that can cause difficulty moving
from one cloud to another

26. Limited Control
Cloud infrastructure is completely owned, managed, and monitored by the
service provider, so the cloud users have less control over the function and
execution of services within a cloud infrastructure
Security
Although cloud service providers implement the best security standards to
store important information. But, before adopting cloud technology, you
should be aware that you will be sending all your organization's sensitive
information to a third party, i.e., a cloud computing service provider. While
sending the data on the cloud, there may be a chance that your
organization's information is hacked by Hackers
Disadvantages of Cloud Computing (Contd..)

27. Difference between Cloud Computing and Distributed Computing
CLOUD COMPUTING DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING
Cloud computing refers to providing on
demand IT resources/services like server,
storage, database, networking, analytics,
software etc. over internet
Distributed computing refers to solve a
problem over distributed autonomous
computers and they communicate between
them over a network.
In simple cloud computing can be said as
a computing technique that delivers
hosted services over the internet to its
users/customers.
In simple distributed computing can be
said as a computing technique which
allows to multiple computers to
communicate and work to solve a single
problem
It is classified into 4 different types such
as Public Cloud, Private Cloud,
Community Cloud and Hybrid Cloud.
It is classified into 3 different types such
as Distributed Computing Systems,
Distributed Information Systems and
Distributed Pervasive Systems.

28. CLOUD COMPUTING DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING
Benefits of cloud computing are cost
effective, elasticity and reliable,
economies of scale, access to the global
market etc.
Benefits of distributed computing are
flexibility, reliability, improved
performance etc.
Cloud computing provides services such
as hardware, software, networking
resources through internet
Distributed computing helps to achieve
computational tasks more faster than using
a single computer as it takes a lot of time
The goal of cloud computing is to provide
on demand computing services over
internet on pay per use model
The goal of distributed computing is to
distribute a single task among multiple
computers and to solve it quickly by
maintaining coordination between them
Difference between Cloud Computing and Distributed Computing(Contd..)

29. Difference between Cloud Computing and Distributed Computing(Contd..)
CLOUD COMPUTING DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING
Ddisadvantage of cloud computing includes
less control especially in the case of public
clouds, restrictions on available services
may be faced and cloud security
Disadvantage of cloud computing includes
chances of failure of nodes, slow network
may create problem in communication
In Cloud Computing, the on-demand
network model is used to provide the
necessary access to the shared pool of
configurable computing resources
In Distributed Computing, a task is
distributed amongst available computers for
computational functions using Remote
Method Invocation (RMI) or Remote
Procedure Calls (RPC)

30. Cloud -Types

31. Cloud -Types
Public Cloud
Private Cloud
Hybrid Cloud
Community Cloud

32. Public Cloud
 It is open to all to store and access information via the Internet using the
pay-per-usage method.
 In public cloud, computing resources are managed and operated by the
Cloud Service Provider (CSP).
 Example: Amazon elastic compute cloud (EC2), IBM SmartCloud
Enterprise, Google App Engine, Microsoft Azure Services Platform.

33. Public Cloud
Advantages
owned at a lower cost than the private and hybrid cloud
 maintained by the cloud service provider and need to worry about the maintenance
easier to integrate and hence it offers a better flexibility approach to consumers
It is location independent because its services are delivered through the internet
It is highly scalable as per the requirement of computing resources
It is accessible by the general public, so there is no limit to the number of users
Disadvantages
less secure because resources are shared publicly
Performance depends upon the high-speed internet network link to the cloud provider
The Client has no control of data

34. Private Cloud
(Internal cloud or Corporate cloud)
Organizations to build and manage their own data centers internally or
outsource it to the third party.
Deployed using Opensource tools such as Openstack and Eucalyptus
Two types:
On-premise private cloud
Outsourced private cloud

35. Private Cloud
Advantages
 It provides a high level of security and privacy to the users
 It offers better performance with improved speed and space capacity
 It allows the IT team to quickly allocate and deliver on-demand IT resources
 The organization has full control over the cloud because it is managed by the
organization itself
 It is suitable for organizations that require a separate cloud for their personal use
and data security is the first priority
Disadvantages
 Skilled people are required to manage and operate cloud services
 It is accessible within the organization so the area of operations is limited
 It is not suitable for organizations that have a high user base and organizations that
do not have the prebuilt infrastructure, sufficient manpower to maintain and manage
the cloud

36. Hybrid Cloud
 Hybrid Cloud = Public Cloud + Private Cloud
 Hybrid cloud is partially secure because the services which are running on the public
cloud can be accessed by anyone while the services which are running on a private
cloud can be accessed only by the organization's users.
Example: Google Application Suite (Gmail, Google Apps, and Google Drive), Office
365 (MS Office on the Web and One Drive), Amazon Web Services.

37. Hybrid Cloud
Advantages
 It is suitable for organizations that require more security than the public cloud
 It helps to deliver new products and services more quickly
 It provides an excellent way to reduce the risk
 It offers flexible resources because of the public cloud and secure resources
because of the private cloud
Disadvantages
 Security feature is not as good as the private cloud.
 Managing a hybrid cloud is complex because it is difficult to manage more than
one type of deployment model
 The reliability of the services depends on cloud service providers

38. Community Cloud
 It allows systems and services to be accessible by a group of several
organizations to share the information between the organization and a specific
community
 It is owned, managed, and operated by one or more organizations in the
community, a third party or a combination of them
 Example: Health Care community cloud

39. Community Cloud
Advantages
 It is cost-effective because the whole cloud is being shared by several organizations
or communities
 It is suitable for organizations that want to have a collaborative cloud with more
security features than the public cloud.
 It provides better security than the public cloud
 It provides collaborative and distributive environment
 It allows us to share cloud resources, infrastructure and other capabilities among
various organizations
Disadvantages
 It is not a good choice for every organization
 Security features are not as good as the private cloud
 It is not suitable if there is no collaboration
 The fixed amount of data storage and bandwidth is shared among all community
members

40. Differences between public cloud, private cloud, hybrid cloud, and community cloud
Parameter Public Cloud Private Cloud Hybrid Cloud Community Cloud
Host Service
provider
Enterprise
(Third party)
Enterprise (Third
party)
Community (Third
party)
Users General public Selected users Selected users Community members
Access Internet Internet, VPN Internet, VPN Internet, VPN
Owner Service
provider
Enterprise Enterprise Community

41. Cloud Service Models
Three types of cloud service models
 Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
 Platform as a Service (PaaS)
 Software as a Service (SaaS)

42. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
 Also known as Hardware as a Service (HaaS)
 It is a computing infrastructure managed over the internet
 Advantage of using IaaS is that it helps users to avoid the cost and complexity
of purchasing and managing the physical servers
Characteristics of IaaS
 Resources are available as a service
 Services are highly scalable
 Dynamic and flexible
 GUI and API-based access
 Automated administrative tasks
Example: DigitalOcean, Linode, Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure,
Google Compute Engine (GCE), Rackspace, and Cisco Metacloud

43. Infrastructure as a Service (Contd..)
Services Provided: Compute , Storage, Network, Load Balancer
Benefits of IaaS:
 Minimize Costs
 Enhanced Scalability
 Simple Deployment
 Shared infrastructure
 Web access to the resources
 Pay-as-per-use model
 Focus on the core business

44. Platform as a Service (PaaS)
It is a computing platform created for the programmer to develop, test, run, and
manage the applications
Characteristics of PaaS
 Accessible to various users via the same development application
 Integrates with web services and databases
 Builds on virtualization technology, so resources can easily be scaled up or down
as per the organization's need
 Support multiple languages and frameworks
 Provides an ability to Auto-scale
Example: AWS Elastic Beanstalk, Windows Azure, Heroku, Force.com, Google App
Engine, Apache Stratos, Magento Commerce Cloud and OpenShift

45. Platform as a Service (Contd..)
Benefits of PaaS
 Minimal Development Time
 Multiple Programming Language Support
 Enhanced Collaboration
Services
Programming languages-Java, PHP, Ruby, Perl, and Go
Application frameworks - Node.js, Drupal, Joomla, WordPress, Spring
Databases - ClearDB, PostgreSQL, MongoDB
Tools to develop, test, and deploy the applications

46. Software as a Service (SaaS)
(On-Demand Software)
It is a software in which the applications are hosted by a cloud service provider
Users can access these applications with the help of internet connection and web
browser
Characteristics of SaaS
 Managed from a central location
 Hosted on a remote server
 Accessible over the internet
 Users are not responsible for hardware and software updates. Updates are
applied automatically.
 The services are purchased on the pay-as-per-use basis
Example: BigCommerce, Google Apps, Salesforce, Dropbox, ZenDesk, Cisco
WebEx, Slack and GoToMeeting

47. Software as a Service (Contd..)
Benefits
 Affordable
 Anywhere Accessibility
 Ready to Use
Services
 Business Services - ERP,CRM,billing,sales
 Document Management - create, manage, and track electronic documents
 Social Networks
 Mail Services

48. Differences between IaaS, PaaS and SaaS
IaaS Paas SaaS
It provides a virtual data center to
store information and create
platforms for app development,
testing, and deployment
It provides virtual
platforms and tools to
create, test, and deploy
apps
It provides web software and apps
to complete business tasks
It provides access to resources such
as virtual machines, virtual storage,
etc.
It provides runtime
environments and
deployment tools for
applications
It provides software as a service to
the end-users
It is used by network architects It is used by developers It is used by end users
IaaS provides only Infrastructure PaaS provides
Infrastructure+Platform
SaaS provides
Infrastructure+Platform +Software

49. IaaS, PaaS, SaaS

50.  Cloud service is any service made available to users on demand via the Internet from
a cloud computing provider's servers
 Cloud services provide access to a server infrastructure that a cloud provider manages
 These cloud services provide data storage and access, security, scalability and handle
any system updates
 Cloud service can dynamically scale to meet the needs of its users and because the
service provider supplies the hardware and software necessary for the service there is
no need for a company to provision or deploy its own resources or allocate IT staff to
manage the service
Cloud-based Services

51. Cloud Services:
 Online data storage and backup solutions
 Web-based e-mail services
 Hosted office suites
 Document collaboration services
 Database processing
 Managed technical support services
Cloud-based Services

52. Salesforce
CRM tool that helps businesses manage customer relations and generate sales leads
The Sales Cloud combines Artificial Intelligence and customer data to help sales teams
identify potential leads and close sales faster
The platform also has separate clouds for customer service and marketing
Slack
Collaboration tool for teams and companies
Slack channels are essentially group messages and can be organized by individual, team,
project, topic, etc. to ensure that everyone is on the same page when it comes to
communication
Zoom
Cloud-based software platform for audio and video conferencing that records meetings
and saves them to the cloud so users can have access to them anytime, anywhere
SaaS Cloud-based Services

53. DigitalOcean
 It helps product teams deploy, manage and scale new products
 Under the IaaS platform users can create multiple virtual machines in seconds and they
can even scale based on data storage and incoming traffic
IBM
 IBM IaaS servers can be deployed in minutes to a few hours, depending on the cloud type
 The tech giant’s “bare metal servers” take a few hours to deploy and can accommodate
projects up to 3 terabytes
 The “virtual servers” deploy in a matter of minutes and are useful for scalable projects
that require flexibility.
Datrium
 Datrium is a hybrid data management and cloud computing company
 The company’s IaaS cloud features enhanced cybersecurity tools like verification, built-in
data back-up and data security measures
IaaS Cloud-based Services

54. Acquia
 The Acquia Cloud is built specifically for Drupal 8 sites and applications
 The PaaS technology is designed to be developer-friendly, with APIs, command line tools and
integrations to streamline the development workflow
Amazon Web Services (AWS)
 AWS Lambda lets developers run code for any application or backend service without provisioning
or managing servers
 The pay-as-you-go model continuously scales along with a business to accommodate for real-time
shifts in data storage and usage
Heroku
 Heroku is a multi-language cloud app platform that lets developers deploy, scale and manage their
applications.
 The flexibility of Heroku’s PaaS allows them to work in languages like Ruby, Java, Python, Perl and
others
 Giving developers the ability to code in a comfortable language reportedly speeds up app
development.
PaaS Cloud-based Services

55. Dropbox
 Dropbox lets users share large files, it facilitates collaboration - large Powerpoint, Photoshop or
Sketch project Box
Box
 lets anyone, anywhere securely manage, share and access files
 Companies can fully-integrate Box into their custom business apps and the platform allows them to
share their content (regardless of size) for collaboration purposes
Egnyte
 Egnyte’s platform allows for secure file sharing and content governance
 Allows upload their files from anywhere to collaborate and work on projects
File Sharing and Data Storage Services