FTP uses two TCP ports, one for control commands and one for data transfers. It supports both active and passive modes for negotiating the data connection. TFTP is a simpler file transfer protocol that uses UDP and does not support features like directories or error recovery. Both protocols support different data types, file structures, and transmission modes for transferring files between heterogeneous systems.
The document describes the new fabric management tools used at CERN for managing their computing infrastructure. It discusses the concepts of nodes and clusters and the framework used, which includes tools for configuration management, software management, state management, and monitoring. It provides details on the configuration database, software distribution tool, configuration tool, monitoring system, and state management system that are used to automate the installation, configuration, and maintenance of over 1500 nodes in a reproducible manner.
CCNA Routing and Switching Lesson 06 - IOS Basics - Eric VanderburgEric Vanderburg
This document provides an overview of IOS basics, ICMP, and NAT configuration for Cisco routers. It includes commands for viewing router information and configuration, enabling CDP, checking line status, viewing ICMP codes, and configuring static and dynamic NAT with overload. Static NAT maps internal IP addresses to external IP addresses in a 1-to-1 ratio, while dynamic NAT uses port address translation for a 1-to-many mapping when addresses are limited.
The document lists various TCP, UDP, and TCP/UDP network protocols and their associated port numbers. It provides tables that summarize important protocols for file transfer (FTP), secure shell (SSH), telnet, email (SMTP, POP3, IMAP), web browsing (HTTP, HTTPS), DHCP, TFTP, NTP, DNS, and remote desktop (RDP) along with their standard port numbers. The document was written by Saravanan K as an overview of common network protocols and ports.
TCP uses congestion control to prevent network congestion collapse. It uses additive increase multiplicative decrease (AIMD) where the sending rate is increased slowly but cut in half after a loss. TCP paces packets using a congestion window that limits unacknowledged data. It uses slow start to quickly reach bandwidth and congestion avoidance to increase the window by 1 packet per RTT. This models TCP behavior and shows throughput is related to window size, loss rate, and RTT.
This document summarizes key concepts about congestion control in TCP including:
- TCP uses additive increase multiplicative decrease (AIMD) to dynamically adjust the congestion window size and maintain efficiency and fairness.
- TCP has slow start and congestion avoidance states that govern how the congestion window is adjusted in response to acknowledgements.
- TCP responds to packet loss through fast retransmit, fast recovery, and halving the congestion window size to reduce congestion according to protocols like Tahoe, Reno, and New Reno.
FTP uses two TCP ports, one for control commands and one for data transfers. It supports both active and passive modes for negotiating the data connection. TFTP is a simpler file transfer protocol that uses UDP and does not support features like directories or error recovery. Both protocols support different data types, file structures, and transmission modes for transferring files between heterogeneous systems.
The document describes the new fabric management tools used at CERN for managing their computing infrastructure. It discusses the concepts of nodes and clusters and the framework used, which includes tools for configuration management, software management, state management, and monitoring. It provides details on the configuration database, software distribution tool, configuration tool, monitoring system, and state management system that are used to automate the installation, configuration, and maintenance of over 1500 nodes in a reproducible manner.
CCNA Routing and Switching Lesson 06 - IOS Basics - Eric VanderburgEric Vanderburg
This document provides an overview of IOS basics, ICMP, and NAT configuration for Cisco routers. It includes commands for viewing router information and configuration, enabling CDP, checking line status, viewing ICMP codes, and configuring static and dynamic NAT with overload. Static NAT maps internal IP addresses to external IP addresses in a 1-to-1 ratio, while dynamic NAT uses port address translation for a 1-to-many mapping when addresses are limited.
The document lists various TCP, UDP, and TCP/UDP network protocols and their associated port numbers. It provides tables that summarize important protocols for file transfer (FTP), secure shell (SSH), telnet, email (SMTP, POP3, IMAP), web browsing (HTTP, HTTPS), DHCP, TFTP, NTP, DNS, and remote desktop (RDP) along with their standard port numbers. The document was written by Saravanan K as an overview of common network protocols and ports.
TCP uses congestion control to prevent network congestion collapse. It uses additive increase multiplicative decrease (AIMD) where the sending rate is increased slowly but cut in half after a loss. TCP paces packets using a congestion window that limits unacknowledged data. It uses slow start to quickly reach bandwidth and congestion avoidance to increase the window by 1 packet per RTT. This models TCP behavior and shows throughput is related to window size, loss rate, and RTT.
This document summarizes key concepts about congestion control in TCP including:
- TCP uses additive increase multiplicative decrease (AIMD) to dynamically adjust the congestion window size and maintain efficiency and fairness.
- TCP has slow start and congestion avoidance states that govern how the congestion window is adjusted in response to acknowledgements.
- TCP responds to packet loss through fast retransmit, fast recovery, and halving the congestion window size to reduce congestion according to protocols like Tahoe, Reno, and New Reno.
Real Time Application Interface for LinuxSarah Hussein
This document describes the Real Time Application Interface (RTAI) system for Linux. It discusses how RTAI allows Linux to support real-time capabilities by making changes to the Linux kernel. RTAI uses modules, timers, interrupts and other methods to provide deterministic real-time behavior. It can be used with development tools like Scicos and targets embedded platforms like the TS-7300 board. An example program is provided that generates a sine signal in a real-time task and displays it using user space processes communicating via a FIFO.
This document discusses different types of scheduling algorithms used by operating systems to allocate central processing unit (CPU) resources to processes. It describes preemptive and non-preemptive scheduling, and covers common scheduling algorithms like first-come, first-served (FCFS), shortest job first (SJF), round robin, and priority-based scheduling. Formulas for calculating turnaround time and waiting time are also provided.
Round Robin is a preemptive scheduling algorithm where each process is allocated an equal time slot or time quantum to execute before being preempted. It is designed for time-sharing to ensure all processes are given a fair share of CPU time without starvation. The process is added to the back of the ready queue when its time slice expires. It provides low response time on average but increased context switching overhead compared to non-preemptive algorithms. The time quantum value impacts both processor utilization and response time.
This presentation will cover the basics of performance testing. Configuring systems correctly is essential to characterizing the performance of SmartNICs. The configuration of BIOS, CPU allocation, OS and VM parameters will be covered. Also, choices of traffic generators and typical test topologies will be described.
This document provides instructions for adding ports to the Linux firewall by editing the /etc/sysconfig/iptables file to append rules allowing new, TCP connections on specified ports such as 8081, 8082, and 7777. It advises restarting iptables with /etc/init.d/iptables restart and verifying the open ports using netstat -tulpn and iptables -L -n commands. Additional resources are provided.
The document discusses Raft, a consensus algorithm that provides a simpler alternative to Paxos. It decomposes consensus into three subproblems: leader election, log replication, and safety. The algorithm elects a strong leader that clients direct requests to, and the leader replicates log entries to followers to achieve consensus. If the leader fails, followers will elect a new leader to take over log replication and continue providing consensus.
Flink Forward Berlin 2017: Tzu-Li (Gordon) Tai - Managing State in Apache FlinkFlink Forward
Over the past year, we've seen users build entire event-driven applications such as social networks on top of Apache Flink (Drivetribe.com), elevating the importance of state management in Flink to a whole new level. Users are placing more and more data as state in Flink, using it as a replacement to conventional databases. With such mission-critical data entrusted to Flink, we need to provide similar capabilities of a database to users. One of such capabilities is being flexible in how data is persisted and represented. Specifically, how can I change how my state is serialized and stored, or even the schema of my state, as business logic changes over time? In this talk, we'll provide details on the latest state management features in Flink that allows users to do exactly that. We'll talk about how Flink manages the state for you, how it provides flexibility to the user to adapt to evolving state serialization formats and schemas, and the best practices when working with it.
This document provides instructions for configuring IP failover between two servers using Keepalived on CentOS or Red Hat. It involves installing Keepalived and configuring it on both servers with a higher priority on the master server and a virtual IP address. The virtual IP will move between servers if the master fails to maintain high availability. Log files can be checked to verify the IP is moving correctly during failover tests.
PCP Introduction is an overview presentation on Performance Co-Pilot (PCP), an open source toolkit for system-level performance analysis on Linux, UNIX, and Windows systems. PCP allows for monitoring of live and historical system performance metrics across single and distributed systems. It includes a metrics namespace, collector and consumer toolkits to extract, store, and visualize performance data. Recent developments focus on container awareness, new kernel instrumentation, and browser/API interfaces to support modern monitoring needs.
This document provides an introduction and overview of Remote Procedure Call (RPC). It discusses what RPC is, why it is used, how RPC operates, how it is implemented in Windows, provides a practical example of implementing RPC, and discusses how RPC is used in QFS. Key points include that RPC allows a process to call a procedure in a different address space, possibly on a different machine, and hides the remote interaction. It operates by marshaling parameters for transmission over the network and making function calls to send the request and receive the response.
The document outlines the steps taken to complete a server 411 course midterm assignment. This included:
1) Creating two servers named No1 and No2 with static IP addresses of 192.168.0.11 and 192.168.0.12 respectively.
2) Installing Active Directory and Windows Server Backup on server No1 and promoting it to a domain controller for the midterm.local forest.
3) Creating a DNS zone for exam.local on server No1 and configuring a zone transfer to server No2.
This document discusses real-time audio performance issues with Linux kernel versions 2.4 and 2.6. It outlines how latency has improved from 20-50ms to 2-5ms between kernels 2.6.7 and 2.6.14 by addressing problems like the Big Kernel Lock, virtual console switching, IDE requests, filesystem issues, softirq handling, and performance bugs. Further optimizations to areas like route cache flushing and virtual memory could allow 1ms reliable latency without fully merging the real-time patchset. Deeper changes such as spinlock conversions and IRQ threading may be needed for sub-1ms latencies.
Supporting Time-Sensitive Applications on a Commodity OSNamHyuk Ahn
1) The document discusses Time-Sensitive Linux (TSL), which aims to support time-sensitive applications on commodity operating systems like Linux.
2) TSL improves kernel latency through an accurate timer mechanism called firm timers, a responsive kernel using lock-breaking preemption, and effective scheduling using proportion-based and priority-based algorithms.
3) Evaluation shows TSL reduces timer latency to under 1ms and preemption latency to under 1ms, improving synchronization of media playback under load compared to standard Linux.
The document provides step-by-step instructions for configuring a master DNS server on Linux. It discusses installing bind packages, configuring the named.conf and zones files to define domains and records, creating zone files for forward and reverse lookups, restarting services, and testing the name resolution. Key aspects covered include defining the master server IP, domains and records in the zones file, generating zone files from templates, configuring firewall rules and resolving configuration.
The document discusses Performance Co-Pilot (PCP), a system-level performance monitoring and performance management toolkit for Linux. PCP allows for the collection, monitoring, and analysis of system metrics. It includes tools for creating and replaying archive logs that capture performance information. PCP has a distributed architecture that allows for monitoring of local and remote nodes in real-time or using archived data. Key PCP components include collectors that gather metrics and consumers that analyze and visualize performance data. Example consumer tools demonstrated are pmstat, pmatop, pmcollectl, pminfo, and pmchart.
This document discusses reliable data transfer protocols including Go-Back-N (GBN). GBN allows a sender to transmit multiple packets without waiting for acknowledgements, up to a maximum window size of N. The sender bases retransmissions on a timeout for the oldest unacknowledged packet. The receiver discards out-of-order packets and sends cumulative acknowledgements for the highest in-order packet received. Pipelining helps increase utilization over stop-and-wait protocols but requires numbering packets, buffering, and handling retransmissions and duplicate packets.
This document discusses different CPU scheduling algorithms used in operating systems. It begins by explaining the assumptions made in early CPU scheduling research and goals of scheduling algorithms. It then covers First Come First Served (FCFS) scheduling and provides an example. Next it introduces Round Robin (RR) scheduling and compares it to FCFS. Shortest Job First (SJF) and Shortest Remaining Time First (SRTF) algorithms are presented as optimal approaches but difficult to implement due to lack of knowledge about future job lengths. The document concludes by discussing predicting future job behavior to improve scheduling decisions.
This document discusses key factors of real-time distributed database systems. It defines hard and soft real-time systems and explains how concurrency control is more challenging in a distributed real-time environment. Both pessimistic and optimistic concurrency control approaches are covered. Replication strategies are also discussed, including full replication with eager vs lazy updating, and primary vs update-anywhere models. Partial replication is presented as an alternative to reduce overhead. The conclusion emphasizes that replication strategies must adapt to real-time constraints.
Real Time Application Interface for LinuxSarah Hussein
This document describes the Real Time Application Interface (RTAI) system for Linux. It discusses how RTAI allows Linux to support real-time capabilities by making changes to the Linux kernel. RTAI uses modules, timers, interrupts and other methods to provide deterministic real-time behavior. It can be used with development tools like Scicos and targets embedded platforms like the TS-7300 board. An example program is provided that generates a sine signal in a real-time task and displays it using user space processes communicating via a FIFO.
This document discusses different types of scheduling algorithms used by operating systems to allocate central processing unit (CPU) resources to processes. It describes preemptive and non-preemptive scheduling, and covers common scheduling algorithms like first-come, first-served (FCFS), shortest job first (SJF), round robin, and priority-based scheduling. Formulas for calculating turnaround time and waiting time are also provided.
Round Robin is a preemptive scheduling algorithm where each process is allocated an equal time slot or time quantum to execute before being preempted. It is designed for time-sharing to ensure all processes are given a fair share of CPU time without starvation. The process is added to the back of the ready queue when its time slice expires. It provides low response time on average but increased context switching overhead compared to non-preemptive algorithms. The time quantum value impacts both processor utilization and response time.
This presentation will cover the basics of performance testing. Configuring systems correctly is essential to characterizing the performance of SmartNICs. The configuration of BIOS, CPU allocation, OS and VM parameters will be covered. Also, choices of traffic generators and typical test topologies will be described.
This document provides instructions for adding ports to the Linux firewall by editing the /etc/sysconfig/iptables file to append rules allowing new, TCP connections on specified ports such as 8081, 8082, and 7777. It advises restarting iptables with /etc/init.d/iptables restart and verifying the open ports using netstat -tulpn and iptables -L -n commands. Additional resources are provided.
The document discusses Raft, a consensus algorithm that provides a simpler alternative to Paxos. It decomposes consensus into three subproblems: leader election, log replication, and safety. The algorithm elects a strong leader that clients direct requests to, and the leader replicates log entries to followers to achieve consensus. If the leader fails, followers will elect a new leader to take over log replication and continue providing consensus.
Flink Forward Berlin 2017: Tzu-Li (Gordon) Tai - Managing State in Apache FlinkFlink Forward
Over the past year, we've seen users build entire event-driven applications such as social networks on top of Apache Flink (Drivetribe.com), elevating the importance of state management in Flink to a whole new level. Users are placing more and more data as state in Flink, using it as a replacement to conventional databases. With such mission-critical data entrusted to Flink, we need to provide similar capabilities of a database to users. One of such capabilities is being flexible in how data is persisted and represented. Specifically, how can I change how my state is serialized and stored, or even the schema of my state, as business logic changes over time? In this talk, we'll provide details on the latest state management features in Flink that allows users to do exactly that. We'll talk about how Flink manages the state for you, how it provides flexibility to the user to adapt to evolving state serialization formats and schemas, and the best practices when working with it.
This document provides instructions for configuring IP failover between two servers using Keepalived on CentOS or Red Hat. It involves installing Keepalived and configuring it on both servers with a higher priority on the master server and a virtual IP address. The virtual IP will move between servers if the master fails to maintain high availability. Log files can be checked to verify the IP is moving correctly during failover tests.
PCP Introduction is an overview presentation on Performance Co-Pilot (PCP), an open source toolkit for system-level performance analysis on Linux, UNIX, and Windows systems. PCP allows for monitoring of live and historical system performance metrics across single and distributed systems. It includes a metrics namespace, collector and consumer toolkits to extract, store, and visualize performance data. Recent developments focus on container awareness, new kernel instrumentation, and browser/API interfaces to support modern monitoring needs.
This document provides an introduction and overview of Remote Procedure Call (RPC). It discusses what RPC is, why it is used, how RPC operates, how it is implemented in Windows, provides a practical example of implementing RPC, and discusses how RPC is used in QFS. Key points include that RPC allows a process to call a procedure in a different address space, possibly on a different machine, and hides the remote interaction. It operates by marshaling parameters for transmission over the network and making function calls to send the request and receive the response.
The document outlines the steps taken to complete a server 411 course midterm assignment. This included:
1) Creating two servers named No1 and No2 with static IP addresses of 192.168.0.11 and 192.168.0.12 respectively.
2) Installing Active Directory and Windows Server Backup on server No1 and promoting it to a domain controller for the midterm.local forest.
3) Creating a DNS zone for exam.local on server No1 and configuring a zone transfer to server No2.
This document discusses real-time audio performance issues with Linux kernel versions 2.4 and 2.6. It outlines how latency has improved from 20-50ms to 2-5ms between kernels 2.6.7 and 2.6.14 by addressing problems like the Big Kernel Lock, virtual console switching, IDE requests, filesystem issues, softirq handling, and performance bugs. Further optimizations to areas like route cache flushing and virtual memory could allow 1ms reliable latency without fully merging the real-time patchset. Deeper changes such as spinlock conversions and IRQ threading may be needed for sub-1ms latencies.
Supporting Time-Sensitive Applications on a Commodity OSNamHyuk Ahn
1) The document discusses Time-Sensitive Linux (TSL), which aims to support time-sensitive applications on commodity operating systems like Linux.
2) TSL improves kernel latency through an accurate timer mechanism called firm timers, a responsive kernel using lock-breaking preemption, and effective scheduling using proportion-based and priority-based algorithms.
3) Evaluation shows TSL reduces timer latency to under 1ms and preemption latency to under 1ms, improving synchronization of media playback under load compared to standard Linux.
The document provides step-by-step instructions for configuring a master DNS server on Linux. It discusses installing bind packages, configuring the named.conf and zones files to define domains and records, creating zone files for forward and reverse lookups, restarting services, and testing the name resolution. Key aspects covered include defining the master server IP, domains and records in the zones file, generating zone files from templates, configuring firewall rules and resolving configuration.
The document discusses Performance Co-Pilot (PCP), a system-level performance monitoring and performance management toolkit for Linux. PCP allows for the collection, monitoring, and analysis of system metrics. It includes tools for creating and replaying archive logs that capture performance information. PCP has a distributed architecture that allows for monitoring of local and remote nodes in real-time or using archived data. Key PCP components include collectors that gather metrics and consumers that analyze and visualize performance data. Example consumer tools demonstrated are pmstat, pmatop, pmcollectl, pminfo, and pmchart.
This document discusses reliable data transfer protocols including Go-Back-N (GBN). GBN allows a sender to transmit multiple packets without waiting for acknowledgements, up to a maximum window size of N. The sender bases retransmissions on a timeout for the oldest unacknowledged packet. The receiver discards out-of-order packets and sends cumulative acknowledgements for the highest in-order packet received. Pipelining helps increase utilization over stop-and-wait protocols but requires numbering packets, buffering, and handling retransmissions and duplicate packets.
This document discusses different CPU scheduling algorithms used in operating systems. It begins by explaining the assumptions made in early CPU scheduling research and goals of scheduling algorithms. It then covers First Come First Served (FCFS) scheduling and provides an example. Next it introduces Round Robin (RR) scheduling and compares it to FCFS. Shortest Job First (SJF) and Shortest Remaining Time First (SRTF) algorithms are presented as optimal approaches but difficult to implement due to lack of knowledge about future job lengths. The document concludes by discussing predicting future job behavior to improve scheduling decisions.
This document discusses key factors of real-time distributed database systems. It defines hard and soft real-time systems and explains how concurrency control is more challenging in a distributed real-time environment. Both pessimistic and optimistic concurrency control approaches are covered. Replication strategies are also discussed, including full replication with eager vs lazy updating, and primary vs update-anywhere models. Partial replication is presented as an alternative to reduce overhead. The conclusion emphasizes that replication strategies must adapt to real-time constraints.
Flink Forward SF 2017: Stephan Ewen - Experiences running Flink at Very Large...Flink Forward
This talk shares experiences from deploying and tuning Flink steam processing applications for very large scale. We share lessons learned from users, contributors, and our own experiments about running demanding streaming jobs at scale. The talk will explain what aspects currently render a job as particularly demanding, show how to configure and tune a large scale Flink job, and outline what the Flink community is working on to make the out-of-the-box for experience as smooth as possible. We will, for example, dive into - analyzing and tuning checkpointing - selecting and configuring state backends - understanding common bottlenecks - understanding and configuring network parameters
This chapter discusses reduced instruction set computers (RISC). It provides background on major advances in computers that led to RISC designs, such as cache memory, microprocessors, and pipelining. The key features of RISC processors are described, including large general-purpose registers, a limited and simple instruction set, and an emphasis on optimizing the instruction pipeline. The chapter compares RISC to CISC processors and discusses the driving forces behind both approaches. It analyzes the execution characteristics of programs and implications for processor design, such as optimizing register usage and careful pipeline design.
This document summarizes key points from a lecture on operating system process scheduling algorithms. It discusses assumptions made in early CPU scheduling research, including that there is one program per user and one thread per program. Common scheduling algorithms like first-come, first-served (FCFS) and round robin (RR) are introduced. FCFS can penalize short jobs that arrive after long jobs, while RR aims to be fair by giving each process a time quantum. Shortest remaining time first (SRTF) scheduling is described as optimal for minimizing average response time, but it is difficult to accurately predict process lengths. The document stresses the trade-offs between minimizing response time, maximizing throughput, and ensuring fairness across processes.
This document discusses different CPU scheduling algorithms used in operating systems. It begins by describing the assumptions made in early CPU scheduling research, such as one program per user and independent programs. It then covers First-Come, First-Served (FCFS) scheduling and how it can result in long wait times for short jobs. Round Robin (RR) scheduling is introduced as an improvement, giving each process a small time quantum on the CPU before being preempted. The document analyzes examples of FCFS and RR scheduling and discusses how the choice of time quantum can impact performance. It concludes by introducing Shortest Job First and Shortest Remaining Time First scheduling algorithms.
This document summarizes key points from a lecture on operating system process scheduling algorithms. It discusses assumptions made in early CPU scheduling research, including that there is one program per user and one thread per program. Common scheduling algorithms like first-come, first-served (FCFS) and round robin (RR) are explained. FCFS can penalize short jobs that arrive after long jobs, while RR aims to be fair by giving each process a time quantum. Shortest remaining time first (SRTF) scheduling is described as optimal for minimizing average response time, but it is difficult to accurately predict process lengths. The document stresses the trade-offs between minimizing response time, maximizing throughput, and ensuring fairness across processes.
Process Scheduling Algorithms for Operating SystemsKathirvelRajan2
This document discusses different CPU scheduling algorithms used in operating systems. It begins by describing the assumptions made in early CPU scheduling research, such as one program per user and independent programs. It then covers First-Come, First-Served (FCFS) scheduling and how it can result in short jobs waiting a long time behind long jobs. Round Robin (RR) scheduling is introduced as an improvement, giving each process a small time quantum on the CPU before being preempted. An example of RR scheduling is provided. The document concludes by comparing FCFS and RR, noting that RR performs better for short jobs but worse for identical long jobs due to context switching overhead.
This document discusses different CPU scheduling algorithms used in operating systems. It begins by describing the assumptions made in early CPU scheduling research, such as one program per user and independent programs. It then covers First-Come, First-Served (FCFS) scheduling and how it can result in long wait times for short jobs. Round Robin (RR) scheduling is introduced as an improvement, giving each process a small time quantum on the CPU before being preempted. The document analyzes examples of FCFS and RR scheduling and discusses how the choice of time quantum can impact performance. It concludes by mentioning Shortest Job First and Shortest Remaining Time First algorithms.
Stephan Ewen - Experiences running Flink at Very Large ScaleVerverica
This talk shares experiences from deploying and tuning Flink steam processing applications for very large scale. We share lessons learned from users, contributors, and our own experiments about running demanding streaming jobs at scale. The talk will explain what aspects currently render a job as particularly demanding, show how to configure and tune a large scale Flink job, and outline what the Flink community is working on to make the out-of-the-box for experience as smooth as possible. We will, for example, dive into - analyzing and tuning checkpointing - selecting and configuring state backends - understanding common bottlenecks - understanding and configuring network parameters
This document discusses real-time operating systems and their features. It defines hard and soft real-time systems, describes common scheduling and resource allocation algorithms used in real-time OSs like priority scheduling and priority inversion solutions. It also discusses Linux for real-time applications and the RTLinux framework, as well as the presenter's own RTOS called rtker which uses a pluggable scheduler and two-level interrupt handling. Other commercial RTOSs mentioned include LynxOS, VxWorks, and pSOS.
Redis CRDTs allow for active-active geo-distributed applications by providing smart and transparent conflict resolution for concurrent writes across data centers. CRDTs use conflict-free replicated data types and causal consistency to ensure eventual consistency while maintaining high availability. Common data types like counters, sets, strings and lists implement developer-defined conflict resolution, such as last write wins, sum of values, and preserving all items. This allows active-active applications to be built simply using standard Redis commands and datatypes without custom conflict handling code.
This document discusses key factors impacting LTE network performance including expected performance metrics, dependencies, and challenges. It provides an overview of call setup times and throughputs expected under ideal conditions, then discusses how factors like deployment issues, RF interference, backhaul limitations, scheduler configuration, and mobility parameters can negatively influence performance and result in increased call setup times, lower throughputs, and handover failures. The document aims to help network operators identify areas to focus on for optimizing LTE network performance at launch.
Many applications are network I/O bound, including common database-based applications and service-based architectures. But operating systems and applications are often untuned to deliver high performance. This session uncovers hidden issues that lead to low network performance, and shows you how to overcome them to obtain the best network performance possible.
Many applications are network I/O bound, including common database-based applications and service-based architectures. But operating systems and applications are often untuned to deliver high performance. This session uncovers hidden issues that lead to low network performance, and shows you how to overcome them to obtain the best network performance possible.
Ceph is evolving its network stack to improve performance. It is moving from AsyncMessenger to using RDMA for better scalability and lower latency. RDMA support is now built into Ceph and provides native RDMA using verbs or RDMA-CM. This allows using InfiniBand or RoCE networks with Ceph. Work continues to fully leverage RDMA for features like zero-copy replication and erasure coding offload.
Ceph is evolving its network stack to improve performance. It is moving from AsyncMessenger to using RDMA for better scalability and lower latency. RDMA support is now built into Ceph and provides native RDMA using verbs or RDMA-CM. This allows using InfiniBand or RoCE networks with Ceph. Work continues to fully leverage RDMA for features like zero-copy replication and erasure coding offload.
This document discusses multithreading and multicore processors. It begins by explaining that instruction level parallelism is difficult to achieve for a single program, but that thread level parallelism exists when running multiple threads or programs simultaneously. It then covers different multithreading paradigms including coarse-grained and fine-grained multithreading as well as challenges with context switching. The document also discusses techniques for multicore processors including cache sharing and instruction fetching policies. It provides examples of commercial multicore chips and research prototypes.
dataprocess using different technology.pptssuserf6eb9b
The document discusses various CPU scheduling algorithms used in operating systems. It begins by describing assumptions made in early CPU scheduling research, such as one program per user and independent programs. Common scheduling algorithms are then examined, including first-come, first-served (FCFS), round robin (RR), shortest job first (SJF), and shortest remaining time first (SRTF). The key factors of response time, throughput, and fairness are evaluated for each algorithm. SRTF is shown to provide optimal average response time but is difficult to implement due to inability to accurately predict job lengths. Later sections discuss using historical data to estimate future CPU burst lengths.
1. The document discusses several protocols used to translate between different address types on a network, including DNS, DHCP, and ARP. DNS is a hierarchical and distributed system that maps hostnames to IP addresses. DHCP dynamically assigns IP configuration to hosts, while ARP maps IP addresses to MAC addresses for sending packets on the local link.
2. When a host first connects to the network, it uses DHCP to dynamically obtain its IP configuration including IP address, subnet mask, gateway, and DNS servers. It then uses ARP to discover the MAC address associated with destination IP addresses, allowing it to encapsulate IP packets for transmission on the link.
3. DNS uses a distributed database of name servers to lookup mappings between hostnames and
Similar to Clock-RSM: Low-Latency Inter-Datacenter State Machine Replication Using Loosely Synchronized Physical Clocks (20)
The Key to Digital Success_ A Comprehensive Guide to Continuous Testing Integ...kalichargn70th171
In today's business landscape, digital integration is ubiquitous, demanding swift innovation as a necessity rather than a luxury. In a fiercely competitive market with heightened customer expectations, the timely launch of flawless digital products is crucial for both acquisition and retention—any delay risks ceding market share to competitors.
What to do when you have a perfect model for your software but you are constrained by an imperfect business model?
This talk explores the challenges of bringing modelling rigour to the business and strategy levels, and talking to your non-technical counterparts in the process.
Unveiling the Advantages of Agile Software Development.pdfbrainerhub1
Learn about Agile Software Development's advantages. Simplify your workflow to spur quicker innovation. Jump right in! We have also discussed the advantages.
The Rising Future of CPaaS in the Middle East 2024Yara Milbes
Explore "The Rising Future of CPaaS in the Middle East in 2024" with this comprehensive PPT presentation. Discover how Communication Platforms as a Service (CPaaS) is transforming communication across various sectors in the Middle East.
8 Best Automated Android App Testing Tool and Framework in 2024.pdfkalichargn70th171
Regarding mobile operating systems, two major players dominate our thoughts: Android and iPhone. With Android leading the market, software development companies are focused on delivering apps compatible with this OS. Ensuring an app's functionality across various Android devices, OS versions, and hardware specifications is critical, making Android app testing essential.
Why Apache Kafka Clusters Are Like Galaxies (And Other Cosmic Kafka Quandarie...Paul Brebner
Closing talk for the Performance Engineering track at Community Over Code EU (Bratislava, Slovakia, June 5 2024) https://eu.communityovercode.org/sessions/2024/why-apache-kafka-clusters-are-like-galaxies-and-other-cosmic-kafka-quandaries-explored/ Instaclustr (now part of NetApp) manages 100s of Apache Kafka clusters of many different sizes, for a variety of use cases and customers. For the last 7 years I’ve been focused outwardly on exploring Kafka application development challenges, but recently I decided to look inward and see what I could discover about the performance, scalability and resource characteristics of the Kafka clusters themselves. Using a suite of Performance Engineering techniques, I will reveal some surprising discoveries about cosmic Kafka mysteries in our data centres, related to: cluster sizes and distribution (using Zipf’s Law), horizontal vs. vertical scalability, and predicting Kafka performance using metrics, modelling and regression techniques. These insights are relevant to Kafka developers and operators.
Top Benefits of Using Salesforce Healthcare CRM for Patient Management.pdfVALiNTRY360
Salesforce Healthcare CRM, implemented by VALiNTRY360, revolutionizes patient management by enhancing patient engagement, streamlining administrative processes, and improving care coordination. Its advanced analytics, robust security, and seamless integration with telehealth services ensure that healthcare providers can deliver personalized, efficient, and secure patient care. By automating routine tasks and providing actionable insights, Salesforce Healthcare CRM enables healthcare providers to focus on delivering high-quality care, leading to better patient outcomes and higher satisfaction. VALiNTRY360's expertise ensures a tailored solution that meets the unique needs of any healthcare practice, from small clinics to large hospital systems.
For more info visit us https://valintry360.com/solutions/health-life-sciences
Mobile App Development Company In Noida | Drona InfotechDrona Infotech
Drona Infotech is a premier mobile app development company in Noida, providing cutting-edge solutions for businesses.
Visit Us For : https://www.dronainfotech.com/mobile-application-development/
Project Management: The Role of Project Dashboards.pdfKarya Keeper
Project management is a crucial aspect of any organization, ensuring that projects are completed efficiently and effectively. One of the key tools used in project management is the project dashboard, which provides a comprehensive view of project progress and performance. In this article, we will explore the role of project dashboards in project management, highlighting their key features and benefits.
E-Invoicing Implementation: A Step-by-Step Guide for Saudi Arabian CompaniesQuickdice ERP
Explore the seamless transition to e-invoicing with this comprehensive guide tailored for Saudi Arabian businesses. Navigate the process effortlessly with step-by-step instructions designed to streamline implementation and enhance efficiency.
Flutter is a popular open source, cross-platform framework developed by Google. In this webinar we'll explore Flutter and its architecture, delve into the Flutter Embedder and Flutter’s Dart language, discover how to leverage Flutter for embedded device development, learn about Automotive Grade Linux (AGL) and its consortium and understand the rationale behind AGL's choice of Flutter for next-gen IVI systems. Don’t miss this opportunity to discover whether Flutter is right for your project.
Most important New features of Oracle 23c for DBAs and Developers. You can get more idea from my youtube channel video from https://youtu.be/XvL5WtaC20A
Everything You Need to Know About X-Sign: The eSign Functionality of XfilesPr...XfilesPro
Wondering how X-Sign gained popularity in a quick time span? This eSign functionality of XfilesPro DocuPrime has many advancements to offer for Salesforce users. Explore them now!
Odoo releases a new update every year. The latest version, Odoo 17, came out in October 2023. It brought many improvements to the user interface and user experience, along with new features in modules like accounting, marketing, manufacturing, websites, and more.
The Odoo 17 update has been a hot topic among startups, mid-sized businesses, large enterprises, and Odoo developers aiming to grow their businesses. Since it is now already the first quarter of 2024, you must have a clear idea of what Odoo 17 entails and what it can offer your business if you are still not aware of it.
This blog covers the features and functionalities. Explore the entire blog and get in touch with expert Odoo ERP consultants to leverage Odoo 17 and its features for your business too.
An Overview of Odoo ERP
Odoo ERP was first released as OpenERP software in February 2005. It is a suite of business applications used for ERP, CRM, eCommerce, websites, and project management. Ten years ago, the Odoo Enterprise edition was launched to help fund the Odoo Community version.
When you compare Odoo Community and Enterprise, the Enterprise edition offers exclusive features like mobile app access, Odoo Studio customisation, Odoo hosting, and unlimited functional support.
Today, Odoo is a well-known name used by companies of all sizes across various industries, including manufacturing, retail, accounting, marketing, healthcare, IT consulting, and R&D.
The latest version, Odoo 17, has been available since October 2023. Key highlights of this update include:
Enhanced user experience with improvements to the command bar, faster backend page loading, and multiple dashboard views.
Instant report generation, credit limit alerts for sales and invoices, separate OCR settings for invoice creation, and an auto-complete feature for forms in the accounting module.
Improved image handling and global attribute changes for mailing lists in email marketing.
A default auto-signature option and a refuse-to-sign option in HR modules.
Options to divide and merge manufacturing orders, track the status of manufacturing orders, and more in the MRP module.
Dark mode in Odoo 17.
Now that the Odoo 17 announcement is official, let’s look at what’s new in Odoo 17!
What is Odoo ERP 17?
Odoo 17 is the latest version of one of the world’s leading open-source enterprise ERPs. This version has come up with significant improvements explained here in this blog. Also, this new version aims to introduce features that enhance time-saving, efficiency, and productivity for users across various organisations.
Odoo 17, released at the Odoo Experience 2023, brought notable improvements to the user interface and added new functionalities with enhancements in performance, accessibility, data analysis, and management, further expanding its reach in the market.
Preparing Non - Technical Founders for Engaging a Tech AgencyISH Technologies
Preparing non-technical founders before engaging a tech agency is crucial for the success of their projects. It starts with clearly defining their vision and goals, conducting thorough market research, and gaining a basic understanding of relevant technologies. Setting realistic expectations and preparing a detailed project brief are essential steps. Founders should select a tech agency with a proven track record and establish clear communication channels. Additionally, addressing legal and contractual considerations and planning for post-launch support are vital to ensure a smooth and successful collaboration. This preparation empowers non-technical founders to effectively communicate their needs and work seamlessly with their chosen tech agency.Visit our site to get more details about this. Contact us today www.ishtechnologies.com.au
Preparing Non - Technical Founders for Engaging a Tech Agency
Clock-RSM: Low-Latency Inter-Datacenter State Machine Replication Using Loosely Synchronized Physical Clocks
1. Clock-RSM: Low-Latency Inter-Datacenter
State Machine Replication Using Loosely
Synchronized Physical Clocks
Jiaqing Du, Daniele Sciascia, Sameh Elnikety
Willy Zwaenepoel, Fernando Pedone
EPFL, University of Lugano, Microsoft Research
2. Replicated State Machines (RSM)
• Strong consistency
– Execute same commands in same order
– Reach same state from same initial state
• Fault tolerance
– Store data at multiple replicas
– Failure masking / fast failover
2
4. Leader-Based Protocols
• Order commands by a leader replica
• Require extra ordering messages at follower
Leader
client request client reply
Ordering
Replication
High latency for geo replication
Ordering
4
Follower
5. Clock-RSM
• Orders commands using physical clocks
• Overlaps ordering and replication
5
client request client reply
Ordering + Replication
Low latency for geo replication
10. Major Message Steps
• Prep: Ask everyone to log a command
• PrepOK: Tell everyone after logging a command
R0
R2
R1
client request
R3
R4
Prep
PrepOK
PrepOK
cmd1.ts = 24
PrepOK
PrepOK
cmd1 committed?
client request
cmd2.ts = 23
10
11. Commit Conditions
• A command is committed if
– Replicated by a majority
– All commands ordered before are committed
• Wait until three conditions hold
C1: Majority replication
C2: Stable order
C3: Prefix replication
11
12. C1: Majority Replication
• More than half replicas log cmd1
R0
R2
R1
client request
R3
R4
PrepOK
PrepOK
cmd1.ts = 24
Prep
Replicated by R0, R1, R2
1 RTT: between R0 and majority
12
13. C2: Stable Order
• Replica knows all commands ordered before cmd1
– Receives a greater timestamp from every other replica
R0
R2
R1
client request
R3
R4
24
cmd1.ts = 24
2523
25
25
25
0.5 RTT: between R0 and farthest peer
cmd1 is stable at R0
13
Prep / PrepOK / ClockTime
14. C3: Prefix Replication
• All commands ordered before cmd1 are replicated
by a majority
14
R0
R2
R1
client request
R3
R4
cmd1.ts = 24
cmd2 is replicated
by R1, R2, R3
cmd2.ts = 23
Prep
PrepOk
1 RTT: R4 to majority + majority to R0
client request
Prep
Prep
PrepOkPrepOk
25. Overlapping vs. Separate Steps
CA VA
IR
SG
JP
25
CA VA (L)
IR
SG
JP
Clock-RSM latency: max of three
Paxos-bcast latency: sum of three
client request
client request