This document summarizes a book titled "Clinical Neurology: A Primer" by Peter Gates. The book provides a comprehensive guide for medical students and doctors to learn how to diagnose common neurological conditions. It includes two unique learning tools to help understand neuroanatomy and the brainstem. The chapters cover neurology, anatomy, patient history and examination. Later chapters detail the assessment and management of common neurological disorders like epilepsy and stroke. A DVD included demonstrates clinical examinations and explanations of concepts discussed in the book. The book was reviewed positively for being comprehensive yet accessible for non-neurologists.
Poster presentation Diagnostic accuracy of premanipulative upper cervical spi...Nathan Hutting
This study systematically reviewed 5 studies evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of upper cervical spine instability tests used to screen patients for cervical spine manipulation therapy (SMT). The tests examined the tectorial membrane, atlanto-occipital membrane, transverse ligament, and alar ligaments. The review found that the tectorial membrane and atlanto-occipital membrane tests showed the best diagnostic accuracy with sufficient positive and negative likelihood ratios. However, the applicability of using these tests to screen all patients for SMT in general practice remains uncertain due to heterogeneity between studies.
This document provides information and guidance for fourth year medical students. It outlines the curriculum, which focuses on clinical pathology and developing professional skills. Students are encouraged to think and behave like doctors, with a focus on treating patients. Success is said to involve integrating basic science, pathology and clinical knowledge. Attendance is compulsory and students must meet requirements to be eligible for exams.
This document discusses neuroepithelial tumors of the cerebellopontine angle in children. Key points include:
- Cerebellopontine angle tumors comprise 1-2.4% of intracranial tumors in children. Common neuroepithelial tumors are ependymoma and medulloblastoma.
- The study included 11 cases of cerebellopontine angle tumors in children between the ages of 2-16 years.
- Histopathological analysis found 6 cases of ependymoma, 3 cases of atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor, and 2 cases of medulloblastoma.
- Gross total resection was achieved in only 2 cases due
This document outlines the neurosurgery syllabus for 5th year medical students at the University of Sulaimani in Iraqi Kurdistan. The course includes both theoretical and practical components. The theoretical component consists of weekly lectures on topics like neuroanatomy, head injuries, tumors, and spinal disorders. The practical sessions involve skills like history taking, neurological exams, and case discussions. Students will be assessed through MCQ exams, essays, and clinical evaluations. The goal is for students to integrate classroom and clinical knowledge of neurosurgery.
This document describes a technique for treating cystic craniopharyngiomas using an endoscopic approach and Ommaya reservoir placement. Cystic craniopharyngiomas consist mainly of a cyst, and complete resection is difficult to achieve without functional impairment. The described technique uses an endoscope to accurately place a catheter into the cyst to allow for repeated aspiration of cyst contents. It was performed in 5 cases of pediatric cystic craniopharyngioma, with no recurrence or complications during follow-up periods of 12-17 months. The minimally invasive endoscopic method provides direct visualization for safe catheter placement to drain cysts, avoiding morbidity of additional procedures.
Choosing the right antiseizure medication for epilepsy Ersifa Fatimah
The document discusses choosing the right antiseizure medication for epilepsy. It covers several key points:
1) Antiseizure medications (ASMs) are the first-line treatment for epilepsy, and many patients can achieve seizure freedom with the appropriate drug. However, the number of ASM options has increased and not all work for every seizure type or patient.
2) Choosing the right ASM involves considering factors like seizure type, patient characteristics, tolerability, and potential for drug interactions to select the most suitable option. The goal is to tailor treatment to the individual.
3) Successful treatment requires not only selecting the right ASM but also properly managing dosage, monitoring for side effects and
Drug resistant epilepsy (DRE) is a distressing problem for patients and doctors. Approximately 20-60% of epilepsy cases become resistant to antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). DRE is defined as failure to achieve seizure freedom after trials of two tolerated AEDs. Causes of apparent DRE include misdiagnosis and non-adherence. Treatment options for true DRE include further AED trials, epilepsy surgery, vagus nerve stimulation, and ketogenic diet. Resective surgery offers the highest chance of remission, especially for temporal lobe epilepsy where seizure freedom rates can be over 90%.
Romagnosi et-al. poster-n_pi-for-coma-prognostication-in-critically-ill-patie...NeurOptics, Inc.
The prognostic value of quantitative pupillometry, with the use of the ] Neurological pupil index (NPi) in patients with primary non-anoxic brain injury.
Poster presentation Diagnostic accuracy of premanipulative upper cervical spi...Nathan Hutting
This study systematically reviewed 5 studies evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of upper cervical spine instability tests used to screen patients for cervical spine manipulation therapy (SMT). The tests examined the tectorial membrane, atlanto-occipital membrane, transverse ligament, and alar ligaments. The review found that the tectorial membrane and atlanto-occipital membrane tests showed the best diagnostic accuracy with sufficient positive and negative likelihood ratios. However, the applicability of using these tests to screen all patients for SMT in general practice remains uncertain due to heterogeneity between studies.
This document provides information and guidance for fourth year medical students. It outlines the curriculum, which focuses on clinical pathology and developing professional skills. Students are encouraged to think and behave like doctors, with a focus on treating patients. Success is said to involve integrating basic science, pathology and clinical knowledge. Attendance is compulsory and students must meet requirements to be eligible for exams.
This document discusses neuroepithelial tumors of the cerebellopontine angle in children. Key points include:
- Cerebellopontine angle tumors comprise 1-2.4% of intracranial tumors in children. Common neuroepithelial tumors are ependymoma and medulloblastoma.
- The study included 11 cases of cerebellopontine angle tumors in children between the ages of 2-16 years.
- Histopathological analysis found 6 cases of ependymoma, 3 cases of atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor, and 2 cases of medulloblastoma.
- Gross total resection was achieved in only 2 cases due
This document outlines the neurosurgery syllabus for 5th year medical students at the University of Sulaimani in Iraqi Kurdistan. The course includes both theoretical and practical components. The theoretical component consists of weekly lectures on topics like neuroanatomy, head injuries, tumors, and spinal disorders. The practical sessions involve skills like history taking, neurological exams, and case discussions. Students will be assessed through MCQ exams, essays, and clinical evaluations. The goal is for students to integrate classroom and clinical knowledge of neurosurgery.
This document describes a technique for treating cystic craniopharyngiomas using an endoscopic approach and Ommaya reservoir placement. Cystic craniopharyngiomas consist mainly of a cyst, and complete resection is difficult to achieve without functional impairment. The described technique uses an endoscope to accurately place a catheter into the cyst to allow for repeated aspiration of cyst contents. It was performed in 5 cases of pediatric cystic craniopharyngioma, with no recurrence or complications during follow-up periods of 12-17 months. The minimally invasive endoscopic method provides direct visualization for safe catheter placement to drain cysts, avoiding morbidity of additional procedures.
Choosing the right antiseizure medication for epilepsy Ersifa Fatimah
The document discusses choosing the right antiseizure medication for epilepsy. It covers several key points:
1) Antiseizure medications (ASMs) are the first-line treatment for epilepsy, and many patients can achieve seizure freedom with the appropriate drug. However, the number of ASM options has increased and not all work for every seizure type or patient.
2) Choosing the right ASM involves considering factors like seizure type, patient characteristics, tolerability, and potential for drug interactions to select the most suitable option. The goal is to tailor treatment to the individual.
3) Successful treatment requires not only selecting the right ASM but also properly managing dosage, monitoring for side effects and
Drug resistant epilepsy (DRE) is a distressing problem for patients and doctors. Approximately 20-60% of epilepsy cases become resistant to antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). DRE is defined as failure to achieve seizure freedom after trials of two tolerated AEDs. Causes of apparent DRE include misdiagnosis and non-adherence. Treatment options for true DRE include further AED trials, epilepsy surgery, vagus nerve stimulation, and ketogenic diet. Resective surgery offers the highest chance of remission, especially for temporal lobe epilepsy where seizure freedom rates can be over 90%.
Romagnosi et-al. poster-n_pi-for-coma-prognostication-in-critically-ill-patie...NeurOptics, Inc.
The prognostic value of quantitative pupillometry, with the use of the ] Neurological pupil index (NPi) in patients with primary non-anoxic brain injury.
This document discusses the challenges of using natural language processing (NLP) to understand unstructured clinical notes. It notes that 80% of patient data is unstructured, and key patient information resides within notes. However, NLP engines fall short when understanding constructs like negation, certainty, and conditionals. The document proposes using a domain knowledge base to help resolve conflicting instances from linguistic constructs and infer implicit relationships between entities like symptoms and medications. It evaluates the approach on 25 documents and shows an accuracy of 71.87% in resolving 32 conflicting instances.
This document summarizes the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) clinical guidelines for the management of femoral neck fractures. It provides background on the incidence and costs of hip fractures in the UK. It then summarizes the NICE guidelines, which include recommendations for imaging, timing of surgery, analgesia, anesthesia, surgical options, rehabilitation, and multidisciplinary management. It describes a local audit assessing adherence to the NICE guidelines and identifies opportunities to improve, such as developing nerve block skills and introducing a standardized pain assessment.
This document outlines key points about seizure types, epilepsy, anti-epileptic drug (AED) selection and treatment principles. It discusses what constitutes an epileptic versus non-epileptic seizure, as well as provoked versus unprovoked seizures. Guidelines for AED selection include considering the patient's age, sex, weight, comorbidities, seizure type, and epilepsy syndrome. Principles of monotherapy, polytherapy and converting between the two are presented. Specific AEDs are recommended for different seizure types. Levetiracetam is the most commonly prescribed initial AED according to recent studies.
Physical Therapy in the Emergency Departmentchristaloyd
At the Heart of the Rockies Regional Medical Center in Salida, CO, I got the opportunity to take the lead on doing research and analyzing data to create a presentation describing the benefits of Physical Therapy in an emergency department.
Brain tumor in children pcl nursing child health nursingSabuBista1
Brain tumor is abnormal and uncontrolled cell growth in the central nervous system that can be cancerous or non-cancerous. Brain tumors are the second most common type of tumor in children after blood cancers. Signs and symptoms include headaches, dizziness, visual disturbances, seizures, nausea, personality changes, and weakness. Diagnosis involves medical history, physical exam, scans such as CT and MRI, and examination of cerebrospinal fluid. Treatment depends on tumor size and health condition, and may include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and medication to manage symptoms such as swelling, seizures, and pain. Nursing care focuses on assessing symptoms, preparing for diagnosis and treatment, preventing complications, providing comfort, and discharging with education
This document provides an executive summary of the updated guidelines for managing pediatric severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). The guidelines were updated based on new research identified since the second edition. The update includes 22 total recommendations, with nine being new or revised. New recommendations address neuroimaging, hyperosmolar therapy, analgesics/sedatives, seizure prophylaxis, temperature control/hypothermia, and nutrition. None are level I evidence, three are level II, and 19 are level III. An accompanying algorithm supplements the recommendations with expert consensus where evidence is lacking. The full guidelines and appendices are available electronically and contain detailed information on the studies and methodology. The intention is to continue updating the guidelines as new evidence emerges.
1) A study examined neuroimaging results from 530 new headache patients referred to an outpatient consultation service over 5 years. 2) Significant abnormalities were found in 11 patients (2.1%), including 6 brain tumors. 3) Migraine and tension-type headache patients had similar low rates of significant abnormalities (1.2% and 0.9%) as seen in normal individuals (0.7-2%). 4) The study supports selective neuroimaging in headache patients based on worrying features, as prevalence of significant findings is low.
This study compared the clinical manifestations of 71 patients with ocular myasthenia gravis (MG) to those with generalized MG. Patients with generalized MG had a higher rate of other autoimmune diseases and required long-term steroid treatment more often than those with ocular MG alone. Both groups experienced similar ophthalmic symptoms. The study recommends regular eye exams for all MG patients due to risks from autoimmune diseases and long-term steroid use.
Neurologists are physicians who specialize in treating diseases of the nervous system including brain tumors, which can be cancerous or non-cancerous abnormal growths in the brain. Brain tumor symptoms may include headaches, seizures, vision changes, and problems with motor skills or speech depending on the tumor location. Diagnosis involves imaging tests and biopsy, and treatment options for brain tumors include surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and participation in clinical trials of new therapies.
1) Uncontrolled epilepsy can be due to pseudointractability or true refractory epilepsy, requiring different treatment approaches.
2) For uncontrolled epilepsy, the first step is a careful diagnosis to correctly classify the epilepsy type and exclude other conditions, followed by proper antiepileptic drug (AED) selection, dosing, and ensuring compliance.
3) Clobazam is an effective add-on treatment for both generalized and focal epilepsies due to its broad spectrum of action, and can provide long-term seizure control when used as an adjunct to other AEDs.
CT Scanning For First Time Seizures At UHWI Clincal policy audit Group 3 dr b...Dr. Peter Andre Soltau
This document describes a clinical audit of the management of first time seizures presented to the emergency department of a tertiary hospital in Jamaica. The objectives were to evaluate compliance with the hospital's seizure protocol for performing CT scans and arranging appropriate follow up. Medical records of 133 patients with suspected first time seizures over one year were reviewed, of which 44 met inclusion criteria. The results found high compliance with indications for CT scanning in the ED but poor documentation of seizure duration, follow up instructions, and arranging outpatient CT when indicated. The audit recommendations include improving documentation, staff education on the seizure protocol, and implementing an electronic medical record system.
A 52-year-old patient with renal impairment was prescribed allopurinol 300mg for gout. In the 6th week, the patient developed severe aplastic anemia and died. The aplastic anemia was likely associated with allopurinol, which can cause it as a rare side effect. The dose was not appropriate for the patient's renal function. The adverse event could have been avoided by prescribing a lower starting dose of allopurinol and monitoring the patient more closely given their risk factors, including renal impairment.
This document summarizes information about refractory epilepsy. It begins by defining refractory epilepsy as persistent seizures under antiepileptic drug treatment. It then discusses predictive factors of refractory epilepsy like epileptic syndrome, response to previous drugs, age at onset, and structural brain abnormalities. The document outlines evaluation and management approaches including optimizing medical treatment, surgical options like resection or palliation procedures, and other therapies like the ketogenic diet.
"Time course evaluation & treatment of post-TBI brain tumor with correspondin...Maggie Jan
This case report describes a patient who developed a brain tumor seven years after sustaining traumatic brain injuries from military service. The patient presented with visual field loss, headaches, and hormonal imbalances. Imaging revealed a pituitary tumor compressing the optic chiasm, consistent with the patient's bitemporal hemianopsia. The patient was started on medication to shrink the tumor and address mood and hormonal issues. Visual fields were tracked over a year of treatment, showing changes corresponding to tumor size. While the relationship between traumatic brain injury and later brain tumor is unclear, addressing the tumor helped manage overlapping symptoms from both conditions.
Trial 1 examined the effect of intensive lipid-lowering therapy to achieve an LDL cholesterol level below 70 mg/dL compared to a target range of 90-110 mg/dL in patients with atherosclerotic disease at risk for cardiovascular events. The study found that intensive therapy reduced the risk of cardiovascular events with a hazard ratio of 0.78.
Trial 2 analyzed CSF biomarkers to differentiate idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) from other cognitive and movement disorders. The study found that a profile of low levels of tau and Aβ40 and high levels of MCP-1 in CSF increased the probability of iNPH compared to other disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Combin
This document provides instructions for redeeming the electronic version of a textbook. It explains that the eBook can only be accessed by the individual who redeems the pin code in the book. It then provides simple step-by-step instructions for redeeming the code, including scratching off the code, entering it online, clicking redeem, and accessing the eBook from one's library. The document encourages the reader to redeem their eBook and notes some of its interactive features.
This document provides an outline and overview of performing a 5-minute neurological examination. It begins by listing the key components of the exam, including mental status, cranial nerves, motor function, sensory, coordination, and reflexes. It emphasizes that observation of the patient is important and that a focused exam is best. It then provides the recommended order to assess the components efficiently in 5 minutes, starting with gait and ending with reflexes. The document stresses keeping localization of any lesions in mind and provides tips for each component to help with an accurate diagnosis in a short amount of time.
This document provides information about a course on performing a focused neurological assessment. It includes:
1. An overview of the course objectives, which are to outline a systematic neurological assessment approach, discuss relevant history questions, and describe abnormal neurological exam findings.
2. Details of the neurological history that should be taken, including questions about head injuries, headaches, dizziness, seizures, swallowing issues, coordination, numbness, and past medical history. Considerations for pediatric and elderly patients are also provided.
3. An explanation of examining the mental status, 12 cranial nerves, motor system, cerebellar function, sensory system, spinal tracts, and reflexes during a complete neurological exam.
Today's lecture discussed cerebral palsy. It covered the definition, causes, types, clinical features and management of cerebral palsy. Specifically, it defined cerebral palsy as a non-progressive motor dysfunction caused by brain damage. The main causes were identified as genetic factors, complications during birth, infections and trauma. The types and clinical features of spastic, ataxic, athetoid and mixed cerebral palsy were explained. Management involves physical, occupational and speech therapy as well as surgery. Nursing management focuses on mobility, development, protection and education.
This document provides an overview of how to conduct a neurological examination. It discusses the importance of taking a thorough history, including details on the presenting symptom, onset, progression, associated symptoms, relieving/precipitating factors, and family history. It emphasizes localization of the lesion and differential diagnosis. Specific complaints that are addressed include headache, dizziness, and vertigo. For headaches, it describes questions to ask regarding quality, severity, location, triggers, and associated symptoms. For dizziness and vertigo, it differentiates between true vertigo and lightheadedness, and discusses potential neurological versus peripheral causes. The goal of the examination is to obtain enough information to make a tentative diagnosis in about half of cases.
The newsletter provides information on upcoming training opportunities, job openings, and announcements. It encourages members to submit articles, cases, clinical pearls, and other contributions to share with the membership. The lead article discusses various perspectives in neuropsychology and emphasizes the importance of a comprehensive evaluation involving multiple sources of information.
This document discusses the challenges of using natural language processing (NLP) to understand unstructured clinical notes. It notes that 80% of patient data is unstructured, and key patient information resides within notes. However, NLP engines fall short when understanding constructs like negation, certainty, and conditionals. The document proposes using a domain knowledge base to help resolve conflicting instances from linguistic constructs and infer implicit relationships between entities like symptoms and medications. It evaluates the approach on 25 documents and shows an accuracy of 71.87% in resolving 32 conflicting instances.
This document summarizes the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) clinical guidelines for the management of femoral neck fractures. It provides background on the incidence and costs of hip fractures in the UK. It then summarizes the NICE guidelines, which include recommendations for imaging, timing of surgery, analgesia, anesthesia, surgical options, rehabilitation, and multidisciplinary management. It describes a local audit assessing adherence to the NICE guidelines and identifies opportunities to improve, such as developing nerve block skills and introducing a standardized pain assessment.
This document outlines key points about seizure types, epilepsy, anti-epileptic drug (AED) selection and treatment principles. It discusses what constitutes an epileptic versus non-epileptic seizure, as well as provoked versus unprovoked seizures. Guidelines for AED selection include considering the patient's age, sex, weight, comorbidities, seizure type, and epilepsy syndrome. Principles of monotherapy, polytherapy and converting between the two are presented. Specific AEDs are recommended for different seizure types. Levetiracetam is the most commonly prescribed initial AED according to recent studies.
Physical Therapy in the Emergency Departmentchristaloyd
At the Heart of the Rockies Regional Medical Center in Salida, CO, I got the opportunity to take the lead on doing research and analyzing data to create a presentation describing the benefits of Physical Therapy in an emergency department.
Brain tumor in children pcl nursing child health nursingSabuBista1
Brain tumor is abnormal and uncontrolled cell growth in the central nervous system that can be cancerous or non-cancerous. Brain tumors are the second most common type of tumor in children after blood cancers. Signs and symptoms include headaches, dizziness, visual disturbances, seizures, nausea, personality changes, and weakness. Diagnosis involves medical history, physical exam, scans such as CT and MRI, and examination of cerebrospinal fluid. Treatment depends on tumor size and health condition, and may include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and medication to manage symptoms such as swelling, seizures, and pain. Nursing care focuses on assessing symptoms, preparing for diagnosis and treatment, preventing complications, providing comfort, and discharging with education
This document provides an executive summary of the updated guidelines for managing pediatric severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). The guidelines were updated based on new research identified since the second edition. The update includes 22 total recommendations, with nine being new or revised. New recommendations address neuroimaging, hyperosmolar therapy, analgesics/sedatives, seizure prophylaxis, temperature control/hypothermia, and nutrition. None are level I evidence, three are level II, and 19 are level III. An accompanying algorithm supplements the recommendations with expert consensus where evidence is lacking. The full guidelines and appendices are available electronically and contain detailed information on the studies and methodology. The intention is to continue updating the guidelines as new evidence emerges.
1) A study examined neuroimaging results from 530 new headache patients referred to an outpatient consultation service over 5 years. 2) Significant abnormalities were found in 11 patients (2.1%), including 6 brain tumors. 3) Migraine and tension-type headache patients had similar low rates of significant abnormalities (1.2% and 0.9%) as seen in normal individuals (0.7-2%). 4) The study supports selective neuroimaging in headache patients based on worrying features, as prevalence of significant findings is low.
This study compared the clinical manifestations of 71 patients with ocular myasthenia gravis (MG) to those with generalized MG. Patients with generalized MG had a higher rate of other autoimmune diseases and required long-term steroid treatment more often than those with ocular MG alone. Both groups experienced similar ophthalmic symptoms. The study recommends regular eye exams for all MG patients due to risks from autoimmune diseases and long-term steroid use.
Neurologists are physicians who specialize in treating diseases of the nervous system including brain tumors, which can be cancerous or non-cancerous abnormal growths in the brain. Brain tumor symptoms may include headaches, seizures, vision changes, and problems with motor skills or speech depending on the tumor location. Diagnosis involves imaging tests and biopsy, and treatment options for brain tumors include surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and participation in clinical trials of new therapies.
1) Uncontrolled epilepsy can be due to pseudointractability or true refractory epilepsy, requiring different treatment approaches.
2) For uncontrolled epilepsy, the first step is a careful diagnosis to correctly classify the epilepsy type and exclude other conditions, followed by proper antiepileptic drug (AED) selection, dosing, and ensuring compliance.
3) Clobazam is an effective add-on treatment for both generalized and focal epilepsies due to its broad spectrum of action, and can provide long-term seizure control when used as an adjunct to other AEDs.
CT Scanning For First Time Seizures At UHWI Clincal policy audit Group 3 dr b...Dr. Peter Andre Soltau
This document describes a clinical audit of the management of first time seizures presented to the emergency department of a tertiary hospital in Jamaica. The objectives were to evaluate compliance with the hospital's seizure protocol for performing CT scans and arranging appropriate follow up. Medical records of 133 patients with suspected first time seizures over one year were reviewed, of which 44 met inclusion criteria. The results found high compliance with indications for CT scanning in the ED but poor documentation of seizure duration, follow up instructions, and arranging outpatient CT when indicated. The audit recommendations include improving documentation, staff education on the seizure protocol, and implementing an electronic medical record system.
A 52-year-old patient with renal impairment was prescribed allopurinol 300mg for gout. In the 6th week, the patient developed severe aplastic anemia and died. The aplastic anemia was likely associated with allopurinol, which can cause it as a rare side effect. The dose was not appropriate for the patient's renal function. The adverse event could have been avoided by prescribing a lower starting dose of allopurinol and monitoring the patient more closely given their risk factors, including renal impairment.
This document summarizes information about refractory epilepsy. It begins by defining refractory epilepsy as persistent seizures under antiepileptic drug treatment. It then discusses predictive factors of refractory epilepsy like epileptic syndrome, response to previous drugs, age at onset, and structural brain abnormalities. The document outlines evaluation and management approaches including optimizing medical treatment, surgical options like resection or palliation procedures, and other therapies like the ketogenic diet.
"Time course evaluation & treatment of post-TBI brain tumor with correspondin...Maggie Jan
This case report describes a patient who developed a brain tumor seven years after sustaining traumatic brain injuries from military service. The patient presented with visual field loss, headaches, and hormonal imbalances. Imaging revealed a pituitary tumor compressing the optic chiasm, consistent with the patient's bitemporal hemianopsia. The patient was started on medication to shrink the tumor and address mood and hormonal issues. Visual fields were tracked over a year of treatment, showing changes corresponding to tumor size. While the relationship between traumatic brain injury and later brain tumor is unclear, addressing the tumor helped manage overlapping symptoms from both conditions.
Trial 1 examined the effect of intensive lipid-lowering therapy to achieve an LDL cholesterol level below 70 mg/dL compared to a target range of 90-110 mg/dL in patients with atherosclerotic disease at risk for cardiovascular events. The study found that intensive therapy reduced the risk of cardiovascular events with a hazard ratio of 0.78.
Trial 2 analyzed CSF biomarkers to differentiate idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) from other cognitive and movement disorders. The study found that a profile of low levels of tau and Aβ40 and high levels of MCP-1 in CSF increased the probability of iNPH compared to other disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Combin
This document provides instructions for redeeming the electronic version of a textbook. It explains that the eBook can only be accessed by the individual who redeems the pin code in the book. It then provides simple step-by-step instructions for redeeming the code, including scratching off the code, entering it online, clicking redeem, and accessing the eBook from one's library. The document encourages the reader to redeem their eBook and notes some of its interactive features.
This document provides an outline and overview of performing a 5-minute neurological examination. It begins by listing the key components of the exam, including mental status, cranial nerves, motor function, sensory, coordination, and reflexes. It emphasizes that observation of the patient is important and that a focused exam is best. It then provides the recommended order to assess the components efficiently in 5 minutes, starting with gait and ending with reflexes. The document stresses keeping localization of any lesions in mind and provides tips for each component to help with an accurate diagnosis in a short amount of time.
This document provides information about a course on performing a focused neurological assessment. It includes:
1. An overview of the course objectives, which are to outline a systematic neurological assessment approach, discuss relevant history questions, and describe abnormal neurological exam findings.
2. Details of the neurological history that should be taken, including questions about head injuries, headaches, dizziness, seizures, swallowing issues, coordination, numbness, and past medical history. Considerations for pediatric and elderly patients are also provided.
3. An explanation of examining the mental status, 12 cranial nerves, motor system, cerebellar function, sensory system, spinal tracts, and reflexes during a complete neurological exam.
Today's lecture discussed cerebral palsy. It covered the definition, causes, types, clinical features and management of cerebral palsy. Specifically, it defined cerebral palsy as a non-progressive motor dysfunction caused by brain damage. The main causes were identified as genetic factors, complications during birth, infections and trauma. The types and clinical features of spastic, ataxic, athetoid and mixed cerebral palsy were explained. Management involves physical, occupational and speech therapy as well as surgery. Nursing management focuses on mobility, development, protection and education.
This document provides an overview of how to conduct a neurological examination. It discusses the importance of taking a thorough history, including details on the presenting symptom, onset, progression, associated symptoms, relieving/precipitating factors, and family history. It emphasizes localization of the lesion and differential diagnosis. Specific complaints that are addressed include headache, dizziness, and vertigo. For headaches, it describes questions to ask regarding quality, severity, location, triggers, and associated symptoms. For dizziness and vertigo, it differentiates between true vertigo and lightheadedness, and discusses potential neurological versus peripheral causes. The goal of the examination is to obtain enough information to make a tentative diagnosis in about half of cases.
The newsletter provides information on upcoming training opportunities, job openings, and announcements. It encourages members to submit articles, cases, clinical pearls, and other contributions to share with the membership. The lead article discusses various perspectives in neuropsychology and emphasizes the importance of a comprehensive evaluation involving multiple sources of information.
This document provides guidance on performing a neurological examination. It discusses the history of neurological examinations and emphasizes localization of lesions and differential diagnosis. The summary is:
1. Neurological examinations have evolved over decades to develop techniques for detecting subtle signs.
2. The document provides guidance for medical students and new physicians on performing comprehensive neurological examinations to make tentative diagnoses in half of cases.
3. It stresses the importance of localization of lesions through examination followed by differential diagnosis, despite advances in diagnostic testing.
This document provides an overview of how to conduct a neurological examination, including taking a thorough patient history and performing a physical exam. Some key points:
1. Taking a thorough history is important for localizing lesions and making a differential diagnosis. Leading questions should be asked about symptoms, onset/progression, relieving/precipitating factors, and associated symptoms.
2. Common complaints warranting detailed history include headache, dizziness/vertigo, sensory symptoms, cognitive decline, speech disorders, weakness, and visual abnormalities.
3. The physical exam follows a standardized pattern but can be tailored based on pertinent findings. It includes tests of consciousness, cognition, cranial nerves, motor function, sensory function
Nerve Conduction Tickets to Assess adminsi .pptxeddiesonabesamis
Nerve conduction studies measure how fast electrical impulses travel through nerves and can identify nerve damage. During the test, electrodes are placed on the skin over a nerve to stimulate it with a mild electrical impulse while other electrodes record the electrical activity. The speed of impulse transmission is calculated. Risks are low but certain factors can interfere with results. Nerve conduction studies are used to diagnose conditions like carpal tunnel syndrome and help determine appropriate treatment such as surgery.
This document provides guidelines for managing epilepsy in Bangladesh. It begins with key facts about epilepsy prevalence. It then discusses definitions, classifications, differentials and descriptions of important clinical conditions that can present similarly to epilepsy. It provides details on investigations for epilepsy and differentiating the most common causes of episodic loss of consciousness. The guidelines were created by a committee of neurologists in Bangladesh to standardize epilepsy care based on international guidelines and expert opinions. The goal is to improve treatment, management and appropriate use of anti-epileptic drugs in Bangladesh.
The ECG made easy guide. Guide on how to read ECG's quick and effortlesssukiyamakoto
The document describes the structure of the eighth edition of the book "The ECG Made Easy". It has been divided into two parts, with the first part explaining the basics of ECG recording and interpretation and the second part expanding on interpreting ECGs in the context of patients' histories and symptoms. The book aims to introduce ECGs to medical students, technicians, nurses and paramedics in a simple way without being overly comprehensive or complex. It encourages understanding ECGs as a natural extension of examining patients rather than becoming overwhelmed by technical details.
The lesson plan introduces students to case study support and myocardial infarction diagnosis over 50 minutes. It aims to: 1) introduce case studies and external research; 2) teach how to approach and solve case studies; 3) combine research and knowledge to solve problems; 4) provide knowledge on myocardial infarction diagnosis and treatment; and 5) discuss maintaining cardiovascular health. Students will apply information to a case study, make a clear diagnosis, and gain understanding of myocardial infarctions, their diagnosis, treatments and causes. The teacher will present a patient case study and lead discussion of symptoms, ECG readings, and the final myocardial infarction diagnosis and its treatment/mitigation.
The lesson plan introduces students to case study support and myocardial infarction diagnosis over 50 minutes. It aims to: 1) introduce case studies and external research; 2) teach how to approach and solve case studies; 3) combine research and knowledge to solve problems; 4) provide knowledge on myocardial infarction diagnosis and treatment; and 5) discuss maintaining cardiovascular health. The lesson will have students apply information to a case study, correctly diagnose the cause, and understand treatments, with a focus on ECG readings, diagnosis of a myocardial infarction, and related treatment and mitigation strategies.
The lesson plan introduces students to case study support and myocardial infarction diagnosis over 50 minutes. It aims to: 1) introduce case studies and external research; 2) teach how to approach and solve case studies; 3) combine research and knowledge to solve problems; 4) provide knowledge on myocardial infarction diagnosis and treatment; and 5) discuss maintaining cardiovascular health. Students will apply information to a case study, make a clear diagnosis, and gain understanding of myocardial infarctions, their diagnosis, treatments and causes. The teacher will present a patient case study, discuss symptoms and readings, and guide students to a final diagnosis of myocardial infarction and how it was reached.
The lesson plan introduces students to case study support and myocardial infarction diagnosis over 50 minutes. It aims to: 1) introduce case studies and external research; 2) teach how to approach and solve case studies; 3) combine research and knowledge to solve problems; 4) provide knowledge on myocardial infarction diagnosis and treatment; and 5) discuss maintaining cardiovascular health. Students will apply information to a case study, make a clear diagnosis, and gain understanding of myocardial infarctions, their diagnosis, treatments and causes. The teacher will present a patient case study, ECG readings, and facilitate the students making a final diagnosis of myocardial infarction and how it was reached.
The lesson plan introduces students to case study support and myocardial infarction diagnosis over 50 minutes. It aims to: 1) introduce case studies and external research; 2) teach how to approach and solve case studies; 3) combine research and knowledge to solve problems; 4) provide knowledge on myocardial infarction diagnosis and treatment; and 5) discuss maintaining cardiovascular health. The lesson will have students apply information to a case study, correctly diagnose the cause, and understand treatments, while revisiting topics like normal cardiovascular function and the signs of a myocardial infarction.
Assessment Made Incredibly Easy, 4th Edition ( PDFDrive ) (1).pdfssuserc09597
The document discusses techniques for taking an effective health history, including creating a comfortable environment, using clear communication strategies, and asking questions to gather subjective data about a patient's general health, body systems, and medical history in order to identify problems and develop an appropriate care plan. It provides guidelines for selecting an interview setting, introducing oneself, explaining the purpose and process of the assessment, and communicating respectfully and clearly with the patient.
IRJET- Portable Supporting Device for Narcoleptic PatientsIRJET Journal
This document describes a portable supporting device for patients with narcolepsy. The device uses an EEG sensor to constantly monitor brain waves and detect the onset of narcoleptic sleep. When sleep onset is detected, the device prevents sleep by providing external disturbances through vibration motors, alerting the patient. A study showed the EEG technique could accurately detect sleep onset 87.5% of the time compared to polysomnography. The portable device allows independent monitoring of narcoleptic patients to prevent dangers from unexpected sleep episodes.
This document provides summaries of several medical textbooks and references that were published or republished in August-September 2005. It includes summaries of two editions of Goodman & Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, known as the leading textbook in pharmacology. It also summarizes editions of books on nursing, internal medicine, cardiology, emergency medicine, and other topics. For each book, it lists the authors, publisher, price, and other publication details. The document appears to be a sales catalogue or informational release from a medical publisher announcing new and updated titles.
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A business may deal with both sales and purchases occasionally. They buy things from vendors and then sell them to their customers. Such dealings can be confusing at times. Because multiple clients may inquire about the same product at the same time, after purchasing those products, customers must be assigned to them. Odoo has a tool called Reception Report that can be used to complete this assignment. By enabling this, a reception report comes automatically after confirming a receipt, from which we can assign products to orders.
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Andreas Schleicher presents PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Thinking - 18 Jun...EduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher, Director of Education and Skills at the OECD presents at the launch of PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Minds, Creative Schools on 18 June 2024.
Elevate Your Nonprofit's Online Presence_ A Guide to Effective SEO Strategies...TechSoup
Whether you're new to SEO or looking to refine your existing strategies, this webinar will provide you with actionable insights and practical tips to elevate your nonprofit's online presence.
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تتميز هذهِ الملزمة بعِدة مُميزات :
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Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
1. Clinical Neurology: A Primer Peter Gates MBBS FRACP Associate Professor of Neurology, University of Melbourne Associate Professor of Neurology, Deakin University Director of Stroke, Director of Neuroscience & Director of Physician Training, Barwon Health Geelong
2. About the book... A comprehensive guide. Equips medical students and doctors with knowledge and techniques to diagnose common neurological conditions Learning Tools to facilitate easy understanding of neurological anatomy > ‘Meridian of longitude’ and ‘parallels of latitude’ > Rule of Four > Principles & processes o f patient History taking & examination > How to diagnose the more common neurological diseases Key Knowledge & Techniques:
3. Learning tool #1: Understanding Neuroanatomy ‘ meridians of longitude’ and ‘parallels of latitude’ Figure 1.1 This unique concept was designed by the author to help simplify neuroanatomy
4. Learning tool #2: Cranial Nerves & the Brainstem The Rule of 4 The ‘Rule of 4’ was designed to facilitate easy localisation of a problem within the brainstem, in particular understanding brainstem vascular syndromes
5. Overview of Chapters The chapters are grouped as follows: Chapters 1 & 2 & 3: Neurology, Anatomy, Patient History & Examination Focus of these chapter are to provide underpinning knowledge for neurology: > How to identify the anatomy > Process of gathering the patient history > How to perform the examination
6. Chapter 4: Understanding the Brainstem > Anatomy and techniques for examining individual cranial nerves > Common abnormalities encountered > ‘Rule of 4’ Chapter 5: Higher Cognitive Function > How to perform a simplistic assessment of language disturbances and very basic higher cortical functions
7. Chapter 6: What Next? After the History & Examination Details the steps that you need to undertake after the patient history is taken and the examination performed Chapter 7 – 14: Assessment & Management Strategies The common neurological occurrences are detailed in regards to their assessment and possible management strategies: > Epilepsy > Headache and facial pain > Cerebrovascular disease > Common neck, arm and upper back problems > Common leg problems > Tremor and abnormal movements
8. About the DVD... Includes video demonstrations & explanations of: > Upper & lower limb examination > Taking patient history > Patient with difficultly walking with spasticity > Explanation of ‘rule of 4’ > Cranial nerve examination > ... and more!
9. Why choose this book? > Local, internationally acclaimed author > Benefit from Peter Gates’ years of experience and research > The most current book on the market > Two unique learning tools > Comprehensive - provides all underpinning knowledge necessary for the ‘non-neurologist’ > A comprehensive DVD which provides ‘real life’ examples and explanations of the clinical examples as discussed in the book
10. Foreword: Professor Edward Byrne AO “ In this book he [Peter Gates] sets out the lessons of a lifetime spent in clinical neurology and distils some of the principles which have led him to become a master diagnostician.... ... I would recommend it to senior medical students , to young doctors at all stages and also to those beginning their neurological training. ... ... It is the best introduction to the diagnosis and treatment of nervous system disorders that I have seen for many years and contains a font of wisdom about a speciality often perceived as difficult by the non-expert. Professor Edward Byrne AO Vice Chancellor & President Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
11. **Two groups of reviewers engaged. Group 1 - 3 rd /4 th year Medical Students, ANU & Group 2 – JMOs & Neurologists with academic appointments What the reviewers said.... **This text is appropriate for the senior medical student or the doctor not specialising in neurology. It introduces concepts to neurology that I wish were taught in medical school ** All you need to know at your fingertips at a glance ... It isn’t too complicated so as to confuse the junior medical officer, but yet in-depth enough that the right diagnosis is made. **The clinical examples are great – is a good way to see how history taking forms a major part of the diagnostic process **It’s main strength is the basic approach to the topics of localisation and pathophysiological process which will lead to accurate clinical diagnosis.
12. ... Available for purchase June 2010!! Purchase this text online @ shop.elsevier.com.au and save!! RRP: AU$ 90.00 Online Price: AU$ 81.00 Title: Clinical Neurology Author: Peter Gates ISBN: 9780729539357
13. As always, for more information, contact your local ANZ Elsevier representative: NSW/ACT/NT: Lucinda Frumar [email_address] NSW/WA: Alana Brittain [email_address] VIC/TAS: Carolyn Crowther [email_address] VIC/SA: Lou Thorn [email_address] QLD: Carolyn Crowther [email_address] NZ: Gopal Ramanathan [email_address]
Editor's Notes
Purpose >> Teach simple diagnostic techniques for neurological conditions Example: RAAF and “lost in space’ techniques Who is this book for? >> Student & Non-neurologists Key Features >> Frequent case studies and examples >> Review points >> Clinical questions >> Clinical Orientation with comprehensive references Key Focus: The way neurology is taught throughout the text – very difficult concept to understand for medical students Concept of ‘mapping the brain’’ facilitates understanding of the brain C
Chapter 1: Clinically Oriented Neuroanatomy This chapter discusses the concept of the nervous system being likened to a map grid with meridians of longitude (the long tracts) and parallels of latitude (dermatomes, myotomes, reflexes, brainstem nuclei and cortical signs) and using this concept to localise the site of the pathology within the nervous system. The chapter will predominantly contain illustrations with brief explanations. Chapter 2: The Neurological History This chapter explains the principles and process of taking a patient’s history, including the concept that the past history, family history and social history are ‘circumstantial evidence’ and should not be used to make the diagnosis. The chapter discusses the mode of onset, duration and progression of symptoms with a view to answering the question ‘what is the likely pathological process?’ and it discusses the nature and distribution of symptoms with a view to answering the question ‘where is the lesion?’
The first section of this chapter will describe the anatomy, the techniques for examining the individual cranial nerves and the more common abnormalities encountered. Th e second part will discuss the ‘Rule of 4’ to aid in localising the problem within the brainstem, in particular understanding brainstem vascular syndromes [1] .
Chapter 6: After the History and Examination, What Next? Upon completing the history and examination, the next step is determined by the following factors: • diagnostic certainty • the availability of tests to confi rm or exclude certain diagnoses • the potential complications of those tests • the severity and level of urgency in terms of the consequences of a particular illness not being diagnosed and treated promptly • the benefi t versus risk profi le of any potential treatment • the presence of any social factors or past medical history that could infl uence a course of action or treatment in this particular patient. Th is chapter will discuss each of these aspects and how they infl uence the course of action. Chapters 7 – 14 Focuses on the identification of common nuerological occurrences, management strategies and point of differentiation, when you need to call in a Nuerologist The common neurological occurrences explored are: Epilepsy Headace and facial pain Cerebrovascular disease Common neck, arm and upper back problems Common leg problems Tremor and abnormal movements Rarer conditions (including) Hypothyroidism Hypertrophy Paroxysmal Symptoms of MS Orthostatic tremor Th e assessment of patients with intermittent disturbances of neurological function is one of the most interesting and challenging aspects of clinical neurology. One needs to be an amateur detective like Sherlock Holmes, whom Arthur Conan Doyle modelled on Dr Joseph Bell, one of his teachers at the medical school of Edinburgh University. Dr Bell was a master at observation, logic, deduction and diagnosis [1] . Th is chapter discusses the various causes of episodic disturbance of neurological function. Th ere is only a brief discussion of epilepsy and cerebrovascular disease as they are covered in more detail in Chapter 8, ‘Seizures and epilepsy’, and Chapter 10, ‘Cerebrovascular disease’, respectively. Vertigo is discussed in this chapter as most often it is an episodic disturbance, but mainly because it seemed to fi t better in this chapter than in any other. Patients are rarely seen by the neurologist during the episode. Th erefore, the diagnosis of intermittent disturbances of neurological function is almost entirely dependent on the history. As the symptoms are episodic, these patients rarely if ever have any abnormal neurological signs and investigations only rarely yield a diagnosis. Sometimes it is not possible to diagnose the problem when the patient fi rst presents. A very useful technique is to send the patient away with a list of things to observe and record. Th is will often enable a diagnosis to be made at a subsequent consultation. However, this technique can only be employed if the episodes are likely to be benign and the patient is advised to avoid activities that could result in harm should an event recur during that activity. For example, where there is a suspicion of epilepsy patients should be advised not to drive, go swimming, have a bath alone etc. Chapter 7: Epilepsy This chapter describes the clinical features of the more common seizure types such as tonic-clonic, myoclonic, absence, simple-partial and complex-partial seizures. It discusses the principles of investigation and management without discussing any particular mode of imaging or specific therapy, as these change frequently. Instead, links to relevant reliable websites will be provided which will enable readers to access current information. Chapter 8: Headache and Facial Pain This chapter describes the clinical features of the common causes of headache and facial pain. The clinical characteristics of conditions such as dental pain, trigeminal neuralgia and atypical facial pain, tension headache, chronic daily headache, migraine, cluster headache, benign sex and benign exertional headache will be described. Once again principles of management will be discussed rather than specific therapies. Chapter 9: Cerebrovascular Disease This chapter consists of a clinically oriented approach to the patient with cerebrovascular disease. Concepts such as small versus large vessel territory ischaemia, carotid versus posterior circulation or vertebro-basilar insufficiency (VBI) will be described. Principles of management will be discussed. Chapter 10: Common Neck, Arm and Upper Back Problems This chapter describes the clinical features of the common problems encountered in clinical practice affecting the neck, arm and upper back. The clinical features and examination findings that differentiate the various causes of arm pain, weakness and sensory disturbance will be described. Conditions such as carpal tunnel syndrome, tardy ulnar palsy, cervical radiculopathy, brachial neuritis and radial nerve lesions will be discussed. Chapter 11: Common Leg Problems with or without Difficulty Walking This chapter describes the clinical features of the common clinical problems affecting the legs. The chapter includes conditions that do not result in difficulty walking such as restless legs, burning feet, tarsal tunnel syndrome, meralgia paraesthetica, as well as the common causes of difficulty walking such as atalgic gait disorders, lumbar canal stenosis and apraxia of gait. Chapter 12: Tremor and Abnormal Movements This chapter describes the clinical features of the more common causes of tremor and how to differentiate them. The more common movement disorders encountered in clinical practice will be discussed. The various causes of Parkinson’s syndrome and in particular Parkinson’s disease will be discussed. Principles of management will be discussed. The chapter will discuss the clinical features used to differentiate the various types of tremo Chapter 13: The ‘More Common’ Rare Neurological Conditions This chapter describes the clinical features of the more frequently encountered rare neurological disorders. These include hypothyroidism and muscle hypertrophy, paroxysmal symptoms of multiple sclerosis, orthostatic tremor, superior oblique myokymia and paroxysmal kinesogenic choreoathetosis to mention just a few.
Videos Chapter 1. None Chapter 2. 2.1 Video presentation of principles of the neurological history. 2.2 Video of Lord Walton taking a history Chapter 3. 3.1 Video of Author demonstration technique of examining the upper and the lower limbs. Chapter 4. 4.1 Video presentation explaining the rule of 4 of the brainstem. 4.2 Video of Author demonstrating technique of examining the cranial nerves. 4.3 Video of patient with lateral brainstem syndrome Chapter 5. 5.1 Video presentation explaining the concepts in this chapter. Chapter 6. None Chapter 7. 7.1. Video of author taking history from patient with recurrent seizures. 7.2 Video of author taking history from patient with recurrent headaches. Chapter 8. None Chapter 9. None Chapter 10. None Chapter 11. 11.1 Video of how to examine upper arm and then hand and forearm problems. Chapter 12. 12.1 Video of author showing how to examine lower leg problems. Chapter 13. 13.1 Video of patients with difficulty walking with spasticity Chapter 14. None Chapter 15. None Additional Video Video demonstrating upper motor neuron signs Video demonstrating lower motor neuron signs Photo Library **Eleanor and Sabrina have discussed the idea of putting all the colour images onto the DVD – if there is sufficient space after uploading all the videos etc.