Brain tumor is abnormal and uncontrolled cell growth in the central nervous system that can be cancerous or non-cancerous. Brain tumors are the second most common type of tumor in children after blood cancers. Signs and symptoms include headaches, dizziness, visual disturbances, seizures, nausea, personality changes, and weakness. Diagnosis involves medical history, physical exam, scans such as CT and MRI, and examination of cerebrospinal fluid. Treatment depends on tumor size and health condition, and may include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and medication to manage symptoms such as swelling, seizures, and pain. Nursing care focuses on assessing symptoms, preparing for diagnosis and treatment, preventing complications, providing comfort, and discharging with education

1. Brain tumor

2. Introduction
• Brain tumor is a abnormal and uncontrolled way of cell growth in
tissues of CNS. Brain tumors can be cancerous (malignant) or
noncancerous (benign).
• Brain tumor are the second most common group of tumor in children
next to blood cancer.
• There are different types of brain and spinal tumor that are usually
named according to the types of cell they start to grow from and the
parts they grow in.

3. Conti…
• A primary brain tumor begun somewhere in the brain that is
not spread from different parts of body
• A secondary brain tumor begun somewhere else in the body
(for eg skin, kidney) and has spread to brain(metastasis)

4. Causes
• Unknown
• Genetic or familial factor
• Chemical toxins
• Radiation exposure

5. Sign and symptoms
• Frequent headache
• Dizziness and unsteadiness
• Visual disturbance such as double vision or blur vision
• Seizure
• Morning nausea and vomiting
• Personality changes
• Weakness
• Hearing impairment

6. Diagnosis
• History taking
• Physical examination
• X-ray
• CT scan
• MRI
• Examination of CSF

7. Management
• Treatment depends on the size of tumor and children health
condition
• The goal of treatment is to cure the tumor relieve the
symptoms and improve the brain function
• Its management includes:
1. Surgery
2.Chemotherapy or radiation therapy

8. Conti…
3. Medication for symptomatic management:
Corticosteroids to reduce brain swelling and inflammation
Diuretics to reduce brain swelling and pressure
Anticonvulsants to prevent seizure
Analgesic to control pain
Comfort measure ,safety measure, physical therapy to improve
quality of life

9. Nursing management
• Assess the sign and symptoms
• Prepare family for diagnosis and treatment process
• Prepare for pre operative care
• Prevent from postoperative complication
• Assess vital regularly
• Follow aseptic technique while checking dressing and drainage
• Positioning of patients
• Fluid regulation as pts is in NPO for at least 24hrs of surgery

10. Conti...
• Provide comfort measure with dim light and few visitors
• Administered analgesic as per the need
• Family support
• Discharge teaching

11. Post test

12. Summary

13. Reference
Book reference
• Uprety K, Essential of child health nursing,1st edition. Akshav
Publication, Kathmandu;2018
• Shrestha T, Nursing care of children,2nd edition, Medhavi publication,
jamal Kathmandu 2017
Internet reference
• https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pediatric-brain-
tumor/symptoms-causes/syc-20361694
• https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-
diseases/brain-tumor/pediatric-brain-tumors