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Understanding	
  the	
  changes	
  in	
  MEDDEV	
  2.7.1	
  
rev	
  4	
  and	
  Their	
  Impact
Presented  by:
Keith  Morel,  PhD
VP  Regulatory  Compliance
greenlight.guru
• Quality	
  Management	
  Software	
  
Exclusively	
  for	
  Medical	
  Device	
  
Companies
• Single	
  Source	
  of	
  Truth
• Manage	
  design	
  controls,	
  risk	
  and	
  
quality	
  in	
  a	
  single,	
  easy-­‐to-­‐use	
  
solution
• Customers	
  &	
  Partners	
  All	
  Over	
  
the	
  Globe:	
  	
  
• Represented	
  on	
  5	
  continents
• www.greenlight.guru
Jed Johnson	
  PhD,	
  CTO
Nanofiber	
  Solutions
“greenlight.guru has	
  been	
  
instrumental for us moving so
quickly through the	
  ISO	
  
certification and I	
  would highly
recommend it.”
Qserve	
  Group
• Largest	
  European	
  Medical	
  
device	
  consulting	
  firm	
  
• A	
  global	
  reach:	
  
• Offices	
  in	
  Amsterdam,	
  San	
  
Francisco,	
  Boston	
  and	
  Nanjing
• One-­‐stop-­‐shopping	
  
• All medical device	
  RA/QA/CA	
  
needs
• Pragmatic	
  project	
  approach
• www.qservegroup.com
• Strong	
  International	
  team
• Technical,	
  regulatory,	
  quality and
clinical competences
• Ex	
  EU	
  Notified Body,	
  FDA	
  and
CFDA	
  staff
• Dr	
  Gert	
  Bos	
  is	
  a	
  partner	
  (RAPS	
  
board	
  member;	
  key NB	
  rep.	
  in	
  
MDR/IVDR	
  negotiations)
• Medical	
  Doctor	
  in	
  management	
  
• WOFE	
  in	
  China
• Approvedas	
  a	
  CRO
• Native	
  speakers	
  in	
  8	
  languages
Contents
• Structure of the new Document
• The process of developing the new MEDDEV
• Who, how, timing?
• New expectations around Clinical Data & Evaluation in the EU
Regulations surrounding MEDDEV 2.7.1 rev 4 (i.e. the context)
• New requirements in MEDDEV 2.7.1 rev 4 (i.e. the content)
• Summary and Conclusions
Structure	
  of	
  the	
  Document:	
  rev	
  3	
  vs	
  rev	
  4
Rev 3 Rev 4
46 pages 64 pages
10 sections 12 sections
6 Appendices 12 Appendices
Structure	
  of	
  the	
  Document:	
  rev	
  3	
  vs	
  rev	
  4
Structure	
  of	
  the	
  Document:	
  rev	
  3	
  vs	
  rev	
  4
Development	
  of	
  rev	
  4:	
  Who?	
  When?	
  How?
MEDDEV 2.15 rev 3 • Task Force under the CIE, under Medical Device
Expert Group
• Participants in TF:
• CA
• NB
• Industry
• Patient Organizations
• Consultants
• Commission (observing)
• Similar people to MDR
Ø Consistency; gap analysis (and rev 5!) to come
• Published June 29, 2016
• No transition period. In theory these
requirements apply now!
Increasing	
  Requirements	
  in	
  Recent	
  Years
Joint audits
UAV
CoC audits
COEN - MS
EUDAMED
Electronic
submission
UDI
MDR / IVDR
EU oversight
Clinical trials
Scrutiny
procedure
and MORE….
2010 2013 ~2020
MEDDEV
2.7.1 rev 4
Mid 2016
New	
  expectations	
  surrounding	
  rev 4
1. Joint	
  NB	
  Audits
• Involvement	
  of	
  clinical	
  experts	
  in	
  technical	
  file	
  reviews	
  to	
  be	
  improved
• Appropriateness	
  of	
  Clinical	
  expertise/competence	
  of	
  clinical	
  expert	
  for	
  device	
  
under	
  review
• NB	
  QMS	
  procedures	
  for	
  ensuring	
  appropriateness/validity	
  of	
  clinical	
  experts	
  
opinion
• Clinical	
  competence	
  of	
  NB	
  staff
• Depth	
  of	
  review	
  of	
  clinical	
  investigations
New	
  expectations	
  surrounding	
  rev 4
1. Joint	
  NB	
  Audits	
  (continued)
• Processes	
  for	
  assessment	
  CER	
  needs	
  improvement
• Review	
  of	
  PMS	
  and	
  PMCF	
  plans
• Thoroughness	
  of	
  assessment	
  of	
  CER,	
  e.g.	
  
‒ all	
  relevant	
  clinical	
  practice	
  considered;	
  
‒ all	
  hazardous	
  situations	
  considered?;	
  
‒ not	
  following	
  structure/guidance	
  in	
  MEDDEV	
  2.7.1;	
  
‒ intended	
  use	
  supported	
  by	
  data?
New	
  expectations	
  surrounding	
  rev	
  4
2. New	
  Regulations	
  for	
  Medical	
  Devices	
  and	
  IVDs	
  in	
  Europe
• See	
  recent	
  recorded	
  webinar	
  by	
  Dr	
  Gert	
  Bos
• http://bit.ly/2a9naRI	
  
New	
  Definitions	
  in	
  MEDDEV	
  2.7.1	
  rev	
  4
Definitions Comment
(aligned with)New No change Adjusted
Bias GHTF SG5/N2R8 (2007)
Class Effect Hazard due to
substances & technologies
Confusion/change
Clinical Data MDD
Clinical Evaluation
Clinical Evidence
Clinical Investigation EN ISO 14155 (2011)
Clinical Inv. Plan
Clinical Performance EN ISO 14155 (2011)
Clinical Safety
Clinical Use
Device Registry MEDDEV 2.12.2 rev 2
Equivalent Device MDD
Information Materials MDD (label/IFU/prom.)
New	
  Definitions	
  in	
  MEDDEV	
  2.7.1	
  rev	
  4
Definitions Comment
(Aligned with)New No change Adjusted
Incident MEDDEV 2.12.1
Intended Purpose MDD
Feasibility Study MEDDEV 2.7.2 rev 3
Hazard EN ISO 14971 (2012)
Harmonized Std. MDD
(Clinical) Investigator EN ISO 14155 (2011)
PMCF Plan MEDDEV 2.12.2 rev 2
PMCF Study MEDDEV 2.12.2 rev 2
Risk EN ISO 14971 (2012)
Risk Management EN ISO 14971 (2012)
SAE/AE EN ISO 14155 (2011)
Sufficient Clinical Evidence (from MDD)
Important	
  New/Adjusted	
  Definitions	
  in	
  rev	
  4
• PMCF	
  Plan
• the	
  documented,	
  proactive,	
  organised	
  methods	
  and	
  procedures	
  set	
  up	
  by	
  the	
  
manufacturer	
  to	
  collect	
  clinical	
  data	
  based	
  on	
  the	
  use	
  of	
  a	
  CE-­‐marked	
  device	
  
corresponding	
  to	
  a	
  particular	
  design	
  dossier	
  or	
  on	
  the	
  use	
  of	
  a	
  group	
  of	
  
medical	
  devices	
  belonging	
  to	
  the	
  same	
  subcategory	
  or	
  generic	
  device	
  group	
  
as	
  defined	
  in	
  Directive	
  93/42/EEC.	
  The	
  objective	
  is	
  to	
  confirm	
  clinical	
  
performance	
  and	
  safety	
  throughout	
  the	
  expected	
  lifetime	
  of	
  the	
  medical	
  
device,	
  the	
  acceptability	
  of	
  identified	
  risks	
  and	
  to	
  detect	
  emerging	
  risks	
  on	
  
the	
  basis	
  of	
  factual	
  evidence
Important	
  New/Adjusted	
  Definitions	
  in	
  rev	
  4
• PMCF	
  Study
• A	
  study	
  carried	
  out	
  following	
  the	
  CE	
  marking	
  of	
  a	
  device	
  and	
  intended	
  to	
  
answer	
  specific	
  questions	
  relating	
  to	
  clinical	
  safety	
  or	
  performance	
  (i.e.	
  
residual	
  risks)	
  of	
  a	
  device	
  when	
  used	
  in	
  accordance	
  with	
  its	
  approved	
  
labelling.
• Sufficient	
  Clinical	
  Evidence
• clinical	
  data	
  of	
  an	
  amount	
  and	
  quality	
  to	
  guarantee	
  the	
  scientific	
  validity	
  of	
  
the	
  conclusions	
  (adapted	
  from	
  section	
  2.3.1	
  of	
  Annex	
  X	
  of	
  MDD)
Clinical	
  Evaluation	
  – what	
  is	
  it?	
  (6.1)
1.Clinical	
  evaluation	
  is	
  a	
  methodologically	
  sound	
  ongoing	
  procedure	
  to	
  
collect	
  and	
  analyse	
  clinical	
  data	
  pertaining	
  to	
  a	
  medical	
  device	
  and	
  to	
  
assess	
  whether	
  there	
  is	
  Sufficient	
  Clinical	
  Evidence	
  to	
  confirm	
  compliance	
  
with	
  relevant	
  essential	
  requirements	
  for	
  safety	
  and	
  performance	
  when	
  
using	
  the	
  device	
  according	
  to	
  the	
  manufacturer’s	
  Instructions	
  for	
  Use
2.Very	
  clear	
  in	
  rev	
  4	
  CER	
  needed	
  for	
  ALL	
  classes	
  of	
  medical	
  device	
  (class	
  I	
  	
  
and	
  up!)
3.Core	
  issues	
  are	
  the	
  proper	
  determination	
  of	
  the	
  benefit/risk	
  profile	
  in	
  the	
  
intended	
  target	
  groups	
  and	
  medical	
  indications,	
  and	
  demonstration	
  of	
  
acceptability of	
  that	
  profile based	
  on	
  the	
  state	
  of	
  the	
  art	
  in	
  the	
  medical	
  
fields	
  concerned
Clinical	
  Evaluation	
  – focus	
  for	
  evaluators	
  (6.1)
# Issue Focus for evaluators
1 Intended use - ER 1, 3 Is this supported by Sufficient Clinical Evidence (SCE)?
2 Clinical Performance & Benefits - ER 1, 3, 6 Are these supported by Sufficient Clinical Evidence (SCE)?
3 Risk avoidance/risk mitigations in
“Information Material” ER 1, 3, 6
Are these supported by Sufficient Clinical Evidence (SCE)?
4 Usability for intended users (e.g.
professionals, lay-persons, disabled persons)
– ER 1
Is this supported by Sufficient Clinical Evidence (SCE)?
5 Suitability of “Information Material” for
intended users – ER 1
Is this supported by Sufficient Clinical Evidence (SCE)?
6 Sufficient instructions for intended users (e.g.
pregnant women, paediatrics) – ER 1
Consistent with the clinical data?
Clinical	
  Evaluation	
  during	
  Development	
  (6.2.1)
RISK MGMT
PMS CER
• Data needs
• Equivalence?
• Trial? Study
design
• Needs?
• Plan?
• PMCF?
Preclinical testing
• Needs
Clinical	
  Evaluation	
  for	
  Initial	
  CE	
  Marking	
  (6.2.2)
RISK MGMT
CERPMS
INFORMATION
MATERIALS
• Sufficient Clinical Evidence to
meet ERs?
• Significance of any clinical
risks after risk control
• Needs (subtle, long terms
effects)
• Plan
• PMCF?
• IFU appropriate for intended
users?
• All clinical risks in RMR?
• Risks controls ID and verified?
• Risk-Benefit justified?
Preclinical
testing
• All risk controls in IFU?
Validated?
• All warnings etc in RMR?
• Usability demonstrated?
Clinical	
  Evaluation	
  during	
  the	
  PMS	
  phase	
  (6.2.3)
INFORMATION
MATERIALS
• Needed
updates?
PMS
• Updated
Needs/Plan?
• PMS data
• SotA?
• Off label
use?
RISK MGMT
• New Haz. Sit.
• Adjust Risks
• New R vs B
• Claims
justified?
(old, new)
CER
• Update CER
• New Clinical
Data
• New R vs. B
• Claims
justified?
(old, new)
Clinical	
  Evaluation	
  during	
  the	
  PMS	
  phase	
  (6.2.3)
1.Manufacturer	
  must	
  DEFINE	
  and	
  JUSTIFY	
  frequency	
  of	
  updating	
  the	
  
CER,	
  based	
  on:-­‐
i. Device	
  has	
  significant	
  risks?	
  (invasiveness,	
  high	
  risk	
  patient	
  population,	
  
severity	
  of	
  disease	
  …	
  see	
  MEDDEV	
  2.12.2	
  rev	
  2)
ii. Device	
  is	
  well	
  established?	
  (innovation,	
  design	
  changes,	
  number	
  of	
  devices	
  
used,	
  are	
  there	
  risks/uncertainties	
  in	
  long	
  term	
  &	
  has	
  this	
  period	
  been	
  
covered?	
  …)
2.Update	
  CER	
  when:
i. New	
  PMS	
  info	
  with	
  potential	
  to	
  change	
  current	
  evaluation	
  
ii. If	
  no	
  such	
  information	
  is	
  received,	
  at	
  least:
a. AT	
  LEAST	
  Annuallyif	
  “significant	
  risk”/not	
  well	
  established
b. Every	
  2-­‐5 years if	
  no	
  “significant	
  risk”/IS	
  well	
  established;	
  MUST	
  JUSTIFY
(coordinate	
  with	
  NB	
  for	
  certificate	
  renewals)
How	
  is	
  Clinical	
  Evaluation	
  Performed?	
  (6.3)
Scope
Section 7
App. A3
ID data
Section 8
App. A4-A5
Appraisal
Section 9
App. A6
Analysis
Section 10
App A7-A8
Finalize
CER
Section 11
App. A9-A10
Who	
  performs	
  Clinical	
  Evaluation?	
  (6.4)
• Suitably	
  qualified	
  individual	
  or	
  a	
  team
• The	
  manufacturer	
  should	
  take	
  the	
  following	
  aspects	
  into	
  
consideration:
• requirements	
  for	
  evaluators	
  in	
  line	
  with	
  the	
  nature	
  of	
  the	
  device	
  under	
  
evaluation	
  and	
  its	
  clinical	
  performance	
  and risks.
• The	
  manufacturer	
  should	
  be	
  able	
  to	
  justify	
  the	
  choice	
  of	
  the	
  evaluators	
  
(qualifications;	
  documented	
  experience*),	
  and	
  to	
  present	
  a	
  declaration	
  of	
  
interest*	
  (financial	
  interests,	
  conflicts	
  of	
  interest	
  – see	
  A11)	
  for	
  each.
‒ *Reviewed	
  by	
  NB.	
  
‒ *“Independence”	
  does	
  not	
  appear.	
  
‒ *	
  Not	
  explicit	
  how	
  they	
  are	
  to	
  assess	
  these	
  and	
  what	
  they	
  are	
  to	
  do	
  
Who	
  performs	
  Clinical	
  Evaluation?	
  (6.4)
• As	
  a	
  general	
  principle,	
  the	
  evaluators	
  should	
  possess	
  knowledge	
  of	
  
the	
  following:
1. the	
  device	
  technology	
  and	
  its	
  application;
2. research	
  methodology	
  (including	
  clinical	
  investigation	
  design	
  and	
  
biostatistics);
3. diagnosis	
  and	
  management	
  of	
  the	
  conditions	
  intended	
  to	
  be	
  managed	
  or	
  
diagnosed	
  by	
  the	
  device,	
  knowledge	
  of	
  alternative	
  treatments,	
  treatment	
  
standards	
  and	
  technology	
  
4. information	
  management	
  (e.g.	
  scientific	
  background	
  or	
  librarianship	
  
qualification;	
  experience	
  with	
  relevant	
  databases)
5. regulatory	
  requirements;	
  and
6. medical	
  writing	
  (e.g.	
  post-­‐graduate	
  experience	
  in	
  a	
  relevant	
  science	
  or	
  in	
  
medicine;	
  training	
  and	
  experience	
  in	
  medical	
  writing);	
  
Who	
  performs	
  Clinical	
  Evaluation?	
  (6.4)
• The	
  evaluators	
  should	
  have	
  at	
  least	
  the	
  following	
  training	
  and	
  
experience	
  in	
  the	
  relevant	
  field:
1. a	
  higher	
  degree and	
  5	
  years	
  of	
  documented	
  professional	
  experience;	
  or
2. 10	
  years	
  of	
  documented	
  professional	
  experience	
  if	
  a	
  higher	
  degree	
  is	
  not	
  a	
  
prerequisite	
  for	
  a	
  given	
  task.	
  
• There	
  may	
  be	
  circumstances	
  where	
  the	
  level	
  of	
  evaluator	
  expertise	
  
may	
  be	
  less	
  or	
  different,	
  this	
  should	
  be	
  documented	
  and	
  justified
Scoping	
  (7.0)
• Define	
  scope,	
  based	
  on	
  the	
  ER	
  which	
  need	
  to	
  be	
  addressed	
  (e.g.	
  1,	
  
3,	
  6	
  MDD)
• Nice	
  table	
  in	
  rev	
  4	
  highlighting	
  the	
  focus	
  for	
  the	
  CER	
  in	
  	
  the	
  pre-­‐ and	
  
post-­‐CE	
  Marking	
  situation	
  (see	
  previous	
  slides)
‒ Off-­‐label	
  use	
  is	
  included	
  in	
  the	
  post-­‐CE	
  phase	
  now	
  (cf.	
  rev	
  3)
• Annex	
  7 gives	
  lots	
  of	
  addition	
  guidance	
  on	
  how	
  to	
  analyse clinical	
  
data	
  to	
  show	
  meet	
  the	
  ERs	
  (7	
  pages!)
• Won’t	
  address	
  all	
  of	
  this,	
  but	
  a	
  few	
  key	
  points	
  …
Scoping	
  (7.0/Annex	
  7)	
  – Key	
  Points
• ER	
  1,	
  Safety
• Risk	
  Mgmt -­‐>	
  all	
  hazards	
  covered	
  by	
  harmonized	
  stds?
‒ e.g.	
  60601-­‐1-­‐1	
  electrical	
  hazards	
  – hence	
  don’t	
  need	
  clinical	
  data
‒ e.g.	
  Usability	
  – 62366	
  – doesn’t	
  give	
  design	
  specifics,	
  therefore	
  may	
  need	
  clinical	
  data	
  to	
  
show	
  risk	
  of	
  use	
  errors,	
  risks	
  due	
  to	
  ergonomic	
  issues	
  are	
  reduced	
  AFAP
• ER	
  1,	
  Acceptable	
  R-­‐B	
  ratio
• ER	
  1,	
  Clinical	
  risk	
  
• ER	
  3,	
  Performance
Scoping	
  (7.0/Annex	
  7)	
  – Key	
  Points
• ER	
  6,	
  Undesirable	
  side	
  effects
• Must	
  be	
  acceptable	
  when	
  weighed	
  against	
  the	
  benefits	
  of	
  using	
  the	
  device
• Need	
  clinical	
  data	
  on	
  the:
‒ Nature,	
  severity	
  &	
  frequency	
  of	
  undesirable	
  side	
  effects
‒ Must	
  have	
  sufficient	
  sample	
  size	
  (N)	
  to	
  guarantee	
  the	
  scientific	
  validity	
  of	
  the	
  conclusion	
  
(OTHERWISE	
  ER	
  6	
  NOT	
  MET!)
‒ Consider	
  the	
  state	
  of	
  the	
  art	
  (alternative	
  therapies,	
  baseline	
  devices	
  ..)
• Make	
  sure	
  studies	
  are	
  big	
  enough!
(Binomial Distribution) 1 2 3 4 5 6
Chance of observing at least 1 event (%) 80 80 80 90 90 90
Actual probability of SAE (%) 10 5 1 10 5 1
Number of subjects needed 15 32 161 22 45 230
Identification	
  of	
  Data	
  (8.0,	
  8.1)
• Various	
  sources	
  identified
1.Data	
  generated	
  &	
  held	
  by	
  Manufacturer
a. Clinical	
  Investigation	
  data	
  (pre-­‐market)
b. Animal/Performance	
  data
c. PMS	
  data
a. PMS/trend	
  reports
b. Vigilance	
  reports
c. Complaints
d. FSCA
e. Compassionate	
  use/Humanitarian	
  Use
Identification	
  of	
  Data	
  (8.2)
2.Data	
  not	
  held	
  by	
  the	
  manufacturer	
  – Data	
  from	
  Literature	
  
• Literature	
  searching	
  identifies	
  potential	
  sources	
  of	
  data	
  for	
  
establishing:
• Current	
  knowledge/State	
  of	
  the	
  Art
‒ Alternative	
  therapies,	
  benchmark	
  devices,	
  medical	
  condition,	
  patient	
  population
‒ Potential	
  clinical	
  hazards
‒ Justify	
  criteria	
  for	
  equivalence
‒ Justify	
  validity	
  of	
  any	
  surrogate	
  end-­‐points
• Data	
  for	
  the	
  device	
  in	
  question	
  
Key	
  points	
  in	
  rev	
  4	
  re	
  Literature	
  Searching	
  (8.2)
1.Search	
  strategy	
  should	
  be	
  thorough	
  &	
  objective
a. PICO
b. Cochrane	
  Handbook	
  for	
  Systematic	
  Reviews
c. PRIMSA
d. MOOSE
2.Use	
  Multiple search	
  strategies	
  to	
  get	
  all	
  information	
  
3.Thorough	
  search	
  of	
  all	
  journals	
  
• MEDLINE/PUBMED	
  good	
  starting	
  point
• May	
  need	
  to	
  include	
  EMBASE to	
  ensure	
  adequate	
  coverage	
  of	
  EU	
  journals
4.Need	
  a	
  protocol	
  for	
  literature	
  review	
  (as	
  in	
  rev	
  3)
Developing	
  Literature	
  Search	
  Question	
  -­‐ PICO
Example: in people with a prior history
of stroke, is blood pressure reduction
more effective than no treatment in
preventing future stroke events?
Appraisal	
  of	
  Clinical	
  Data	
  (9)
• Purpose	
  is	
  to	
  estimate	
  the	
  value	
  of	
  the	
  contribution	
  of	
  each	
  piece	
  of	
  
clinical	
  data	
  to	
  the	
  assessment	
  of	
  clinical	
  safety	
  &	
  performance
• Uncertainty	
  about	
  the	
  value	
  of	
  the	
  data	
  comes	
  from:
1. Methodological	
  quality	
  of	
  the	
  data
2. Relevance	
  of	
  the	
  data	
  to	
  the	
  intended	
  use
• Many	
  ways	
  to	
  do	
  this	
  (e.g.	
  see	
  next	
  3	
  slides)
• Need	
  an	
  Appraisal	
  Plan	
  (part	
  of	
  CER)	
  detailing:
1. Criteria	
  for	
  determining	
  the	
  quality	
  and	
  scientific	
  validity	
  of	
  each	
  piece	
  of	
  data
2. Criteria	
  for	
  relevance	
  to	
  the	
  evaluation
3. Criteria	
  for	
  how	
  to	
  weight	
  the	
  contribution	
  of	
  each	
  piece	
  of	
  data
Contribution	
  of	
  each	
  data	
  set	
  -­‐ Appraisal	
  Criteria	
  -­‐ 1
Data	
  Suitability
• Appropriate	
  device	
  (D)
• Appropriate	
  device	
  
application	
  (use)	
  (A)
• Appropriate	
  patient	
  group	
  (P)
• Acceptable	
  report/data	
  
collection	
  (R)
Data	
  Contribution
• Data	
  source	
  type	
  (T)
• Outcome	
  measures	
  (O)
• Follow-­‐up	
  (F)
• Statistical	
  significance	
  (S)
• Clinical	
  significance	
  (C)
Each  “Letter”  or  “Category”  receives  a  1,  2,  or  3
Then weight the data
1 = actual device (or equivalent) as intended(on label),etc.
2 = actual device (or equivalent) off label in same anatomy, etc.
3 = competitor devices/state-of-art,different anatomy,etc.
Contribution	
  of	
  each	
  data	
  set	
  -­‐ Appraisal	
  Criteria	
  -­‐ 2
MEDDEV 2.7.1 Rev. 3
Appraisal Criteria for Suitability
Contribution	
  of	
  each	
  data	
  set	
  -­‐ Appraisal	
  Criteria	
  -­‐ 3
MEDDEV 2.7.1 Rev. 3
Appraisal Criteria for Data Contribution
Appraisal	
  of	
  Clinical	
  Data	
  (9)
• Lots	
  of	
  advice	
  on	
  how	
  to	
  assess	
  the	
  quality	
  and	
  scientific	
  validity	
  of	
  the	
  
data	
  now	
  given	
  (section	
  9.3)
• How	
  to	
  determine	
  the	
  relevance	
  of	
  the	
  data	
  to	
  the	
  clinical	
  evaluation	
  
(9.3.2)
• Pivotal	
  Data	
  must	
  come	
  from:
1. The	
  device	
  under	
  evaluation
2. An	
  equivalent	
  device	
  (see	
  next	
  slide)
• Weighting	
  
• Use	
  pre-­‐defined	
  criteria	
  
• RCT	
  noted	
  as	
  highest	
  weight	
  (increasing	
  emphasis	
  on	
  RCT)
Equivalence	
  (A1)
• Lots	
  of	
  details	
  given.	
  Some	
  highlights
1.Can	
  only	
  be	
  based	
  on	
  a	
  Single	
  device	
  (but …)
2.Same	
  general	
  criteria	
  given	
  (Clinical,	
  Technical,	
  Biological)	
  with	
  a	
  	
  few	
  
additions/clarifications
3.All	
  3	
  of	
  these	
  criteria	
  must	
  be	
  fulfilled	
  for	
  a	
  device	
  to	
  be	
  “equivalent”
4.Any	
  differences	
  must	
  be	
  clearly	
  identified,	
  disclosed,	
  evaluated	
  and	
  
explanation	
  for	
  why	
  the	
  differences	
  are	
  not	
  expected	
  to	
  significantly	
  
affect	
  the	
  performance	
  and	
  safety	
  of	
  the	
  device	
  are	
  to	
  be	
  given
Equivalence	
  (A1)
4.“If	
  measurements	
  are	
  possible,	
  clinically	
  relevant	
  specifications	
  and	
  properties	
  should	
  be	
  
measured	
  both	
  in	
  the	
  device	
  under	
  evaluation	
  and	
  the	
  device	
  presumed	
  to	
  be	
  
equivalent,	
  and	
  presented	
  in	
  comparative	
  tabulations”
• i.e.	
  must	
  OWN	
  (or	
  have	
  complete	
  access	
  to)	
  Technical	
  File/DD!
5.The	
  manufacturer	
  is	
  expected	
  to: include	
  the	
  supporting	
  non-­‐clinical	
  information	
  (e.g.	
  
pre-­‐clinical	
  study	
  reports)	
  in	
  the	
  technical	
  documentation	
  of	
  the	
  device
• i.e.	
  must	
  OWN	
  (or	
  have	
  complete	
  access	
  to)	
  Technical	
  File/DD!
6.The	
  only	
  clinical	
  data	
  that	
  are	
  considered	
  as	
  relevant	
  are	
  the	
  data	
  obtained	
  when	
  the	
  
equivalent	
  device: Is	
  a	
  medical	
  device	
  that	
  conforms	
  to	
  the	
  requirements	
  of	
  the	
  medical	
  
device	
  directives.	
  
• i.e.	
  if	
  non-­‐CE	
  Marked	
  (e.g.	
  510k,	
  CFDA	
  approval	
  ..)	
  MAY	
  be	
  able	
  to	
  use	
  it,	
  but	
  must	
  justify	
  – same	
  
device	
  intended	
  use,	
  patient	
  population,	
  medical	
  condition	
  …	
  etc;	
  also	
  issues	
  of:
‒ Any	
  differences	
  in	
  patient	
  population,	
  and
‒ clinical	
  practice	
  in	
  local	
  geography	
  cf.	
  Europe	
  
Analysis	
  (10)
• Goal	
  of	
  Analysis	
  =	
  to	
  determine	
  if	
  the	
  appraised	
  data	
  sets	
  (taking	
  into	
  
account	
  the	
  pivotal	
  data,	
  other	
  own	
  data,	
  and	
  the	
  literature	
  review	
  
report)	
  available	
  for	
  a	
  medical	
  device	
  collectively	
  demonstrate	
  
compliance	
  with	
  each	
  of	
  the	
  Essential	
  Requirements	
  in	
  relation	
  to	
  its	
  
intended	
  use
‒ (See	
  previous	
  slides)
• Evaluators	
  needs	
  to	
  assess:
• Compliance	
  to	
  the	
  ERs	
  based	
  on	
  the	
  clinical	
  data	
  and	
  analysis
• Determine	
  any	
  gaps	
  and	
  if	
  a	
  clinical	
  investigation	
  is	
  needed	
  to	
  fill	
  those	
  gaps
ID pivotal
datasets
Look for
consistency
across such
datasets
When	
  Should	
  Additional	
  Clinical	
  Investigations	
  be	
  
conducted	
  (A2)?
Considerations Additional Clinical
Investigation?
Implant (Annex X, 1.1a MDD)
Yes/(most likely)
High risk, class III (Annex X, 1.1a MDD)
Novel technologies
New clinical use for existing technology
Any gaps in data to identifybenefits, risks,claims,
side effects? (class I, IIa, Ib)
When	
  Should	
  Additional	
  Clinical	
  Investigations	
  be	
  
conducted	
  (A2)?
• If	
  gap	
  analysis	
  reveals	
  any	
  gaps	
  in	
  data	
  are	
  sufficient	
  to	
  verify	
  that	
  
device	
  meets	
  ERs
• Special	
  attention	
  should	
  be	
  paid	
  to:
• new	
  design	
  features,	
  including	
  new	
  materials,
• new	
  intended	
  uses	
  (including	
  new	
  medical	
  indications),	
  
• new	
  claims,	
  
• new	
  types	
  of	
  users	
  (e.g.	
  lay	
  persons),
• seriousness	
  of	
  direct	
  and/or	
  indirect	
  risks,	
  
• contact	
  with	
  mucosal	
  membranes	
  or	
  invasiveness,
• …..
When	
  Should	
  Additional	
  Clinical	
  Investigations	
  be	
  
conducted	
  (A2)?
• Special	
  attention	
  should	
  be	
  paid	
  to	
  (continued):
• ………
• increasing	
  duration	
  of	
  use	
  or	
  numbers	
  of	
  re-­‐applications,	
  
• incorporation	
  of	
  medicinal	
  substances,	
  
• use	
  of	
  animal	
  tissues	
  (other	
  than in	
  contact	
  with	
  intact	
  skin),	
  
• issues	
  raised when	
  medical	
  alternatives	
  with	
  lower	
  risks	
  or	
  more	
  extensive	
  
benefits	
  to	
  patients	
  are	
  available	
  or	
  have	
   become	
  newly	
  available,
• whether	
  the	
  data	
  of	
  concern	
  are	
  amenable	
  to	
  evaluation	
  through	
  a	
  clinical	
  
investigation
In	
  summary
1. Rev	
  4	
  is	
  a	
  complete	
  rewrite	
  of	
  the	
  MEDDEV
2. It	
  is	
  clearer,	
  more	
  prescriptive
3. It	
  is	
  much	
  harder	
  to	
  demonstrate	
  equivalence	
  now	
  -­‐ essentially	
  
only	
  if	
  you	
  own	
  the	
  technical	
  file	
  for	
  the	
  devices	
  to	
  be	
  used
4. Clinical	
  Investigations	
  will	
  need	
  to	
  be	
  conducted	
  more	
  often
5. The	
  requirements	
  for	
  the	
  expertise	
  of	
  the	
  evaluators	
  has	
  
increased,	
  and	
  the	
  requirements	
  are	
  clearer	
  
In	
  summary
6. The	
  focus	
  for	
  CER	
  at	
  various	
  stages	
  is	
  clearer	
  now
7. Greater	
  expectations	
  are	
  being	
  put	
  on	
  the	
  NB	
  now	
  (hence	
  more	
  
in-­‐depth	
  reviews	
  of	
  CERs)
• The	
  clinical	
  expertise	
  requirement	
  for	
  staff	
  has	
  increased.
• It	
  is	
  expected	
  they	
  medical	
  doctors/professionals	
  on	
  staff.	
  
• The	
  QMS	
  procedures	
  for	
  assessment	
  of	
  CER	
  have	
  increased.
• Clinical	
  experts	
  will	
  now	
  have	
  to	
  be	
  part	
  of	
  the	
  on-­‐site	
  audit	
  team	
  where	
  CER	
  
are	
  assessed	
  on	
  site	
  (e.g.	
  renewals,	
  class	
  IIa and	
  IIb initial	
  assessments).	
  
• A	
  CEAR	
  will	
  have	
  to	
  be	
  written	
  now,	
  and	
  provided	
  to	
  	
  Expert	
  Panel	
  for	
  review
In	
  summary
8. It	
  is	
  clearer	
  when	
  PMCF	
  is	
  needed	
  now	
  (more	
  often,	
  in	
  general)
9. The	
  links	
  between	
  CER-­‐Risk-­‐PMS	
  and	
  CER-­‐IFU	
  are	
  emphasized	
  
(maybe	
  stricter	
  reviews	
  by	
  NB?)
10. The	
  scoping	
  of	
  the	
  CER	
  is	
  clearer	
  now.	
  Which	
  ERs	
  are	
  to	
  be	
  address	
  
by	
  the	
  CER	
  (1,3,6	
  for	
  MDD)	
  are	
  now	
  much	
  more	
  explicit,	
  as	
  is	
  the	
  
assessment	
  required	
  to	
  be	
  conducted	
  and	
  recorded	
  in	
  the	
  CER	
  for	
  
each	
  of	
  these.	
  
11. Assessment	
  of	
  Usability	
  more	
  explicitly	
  part	
  CER	
  now
12. Include	
  EMBASE	
  now	
  (and	
  criteria	
  for	
  selection	
  of	
  adequate	
  
databases)
13. MEDDEV	
  2.7.1	
  rev	
  4	
  was	
  published	
  June	
  29,	
  2016.
Thank	
  you	
  for	
  your	
  attention
What	
  questions	
  can	
  we	
  answer?
Keith Morel,PhD
VP Regulatory Compliance
ke i t h.m or e l @ qs e r ve gro up.c om
+1 916 606 4820 ( c e l l )

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Clinical Evaluation in the EU for Medical Devices: Understanding the Changes in MEDDEV 2.7.1 Rev 4 and Their Impact

  • 1. Understanding  the  changes  in  MEDDEV  2.7.1   rev  4  and  Their  Impact Presented  by: Keith  Morel,  PhD VP  Regulatory  Compliance
  • 2. greenlight.guru • Quality  Management  Software   Exclusively  for  Medical  Device   Companies • Single  Source  of  Truth • Manage  design  controls,  risk  and   quality  in  a  single,  easy-­‐to-­‐use   solution • Customers  &  Partners  All  Over   the  Globe:     • Represented  on  5  continents • www.greenlight.guru Jed Johnson  PhD,  CTO Nanofiber  Solutions “greenlight.guru has  been   instrumental for us moving so quickly through the  ISO   certification and I  would highly recommend it.”
  • 3. Qserve  Group • Largest  European  Medical   device  consulting  firm   • A  global  reach:   • Offices  in  Amsterdam,  San   Francisco,  Boston  and  Nanjing • One-­‐stop-­‐shopping   • All medical device  RA/QA/CA   needs • Pragmatic  project  approach • www.qservegroup.com • Strong  International  team • Technical,  regulatory,  quality and clinical competences • Ex  EU  Notified Body,  FDA  and CFDA  staff • Dr  Gert  Bos  is  a  partner  (RAPS   board  member;  key NB  rep.  in   MDR/IVDR  negotiations) • Medical  Doctor  in  management   • WOFE  in  China • Approvedas  a  CRO • Native  speakers  in  8  languages
  • 4. Contents • Structure of the new Document • The process of developing the new MEDDEV • Who, how, timing? • New expectations around Clinical Data & Evaluation in the EU Regulations surrounding MEDDEV 2.7.1 rev 4 (i.e. the context) • New requirements in MEDDEV 2.7.1 rev 4 (i.e. the content) • Summary and Conclusions
  • 5. Structure  of  the  Document:  rev  3  vs  rev  4 Rev 3 Rev 4 46 pages 64 pages 10 sections 12 sections 6 Appendices 12 Appendices
  • 6. Structure  of  the  Document:  rev  3  vs  rev  4
  • 7. Structure  of  the  Document:  rev  3  vs  rev  4
  • 8. Development  of  rev  4:  Who?  When?  How? MEDDEV 2.15 rev 3 • Task Force under the CIE, under Medical Device Expert Group • Participants in TF: • CA • NB • Industry • Patient Organizations • Consultants • Commission (observing) • Similar people to MDR Ø Consistency; gap analysis (and rev 5!) to come • Published June 29, 2016 • No transition period. In theory these requirements apply now!
  • 9. Increasing  Requirements  in  Recent  Years Joint audits UAV CoC audits COEN - MS EUDAMED Electronic submission UDI MDR / IVDR EU oversight Clinical trials Scrutiny procedure and MORE…. 2010 2013 ~2020 MEDDEV 2.7.1 rev 4 Mid 2016
  • 10. New  expectations  surrounding  rev 4 1. Joint  NB  Audits • Involvement  of  clinical  experts  in  technical  file  reviews  to  be  improved • Appropriateness  of  Clinical  expertise/competence  of  clinical  expert  for  device   under  review • NB  QMS  procedures  for  ensuring  appropriateness/validity  of  clinical  experts   opinion • Clinical  competence  of  NB  staff • Depth  of  review  of  clinical  investigations
  • 11. New  expectations  surrounding  rev 4 1. Joint  NB  Audits  (continued) • Processes  for  assessment  CER  needs  improvement • Review  of  PMS  and  PMCF  plans • Thoroughness  of  assessment  of  CER,  e.g.   ‒ all  relevant  clinical  practice  considered;   ‒ all  hazardous  situations  considered?;   ‒ not  following  structure/guidance  in  MEDDEV  2.7.1;   ‒ intended  use  supported  by  data?
  • 12. New  expectations  surrounding  rev  4 2. New  Regulations  for  Medical  Devices  and  IVDs  in  Europe • See  recent  recorded  webinar  by  Dr  Gert  Bos • http://bit.ly/2a9naRI  
  • 13. New  Definitions  in  MEDDEV  2.7.1  rev  4 Definitions Comment (aligned with)New No change Adjusted Bias GHTF SG5/N2R8 (2007) Class Effect Hazard due to substances & technologies Confusion/change Clinical Data MDD Clinical Evaluation Clinical Evidence Clinical Investigation EN ISO 14155 (2011) Clinical Inv. Plan Clinical Performance EN ISO 14155 (2011) Clinical Safety Clinical Use Device Registry MEDDEV 2.12.2 rev 2 Equivalent Device MDD Information Materials MDD (label/IFU/prom.)
  • 14. New  Definitions  in  MEDDEV  2.7.1  rev  4 Definitions Comment (Aligned with)New No change Adjusted Incident MEDDEV 2.12.1 Intended Purpose MDD Feasibility Study MEDDEV 2.7.2 rev 3 Hazard EN ISO 14971 (2012) Harmonized Std. MDD (Clinical) Investigator EN ISO 14155 (2011) PMCF Plan MEDDEV 2.12.2 rev 2 PMCF Study MEDDEV 2.12.2 rev 2 Risk EN ISO 14971 (2012) Risk Management EN ISO 14971 (2012) SAE/AE EN ISO 14155 (2011) Sufficient Clinical Evidence (from MDD)
  • 15. Important  New/Adjusted  Definitions  in  rev  4 • PMCF  Plan • the  documented,  proactive,  organised  methods  and  procedures  set  up  by  the   manufacturer  to  collect  clinical  data  based  on  the  use  of  a  CE-­‐marked  device   corresponding  to  a  particular  design  dossier  or  on  the  use  of  a  group  of   medical  devices  belonging  to  the  same  subcategory  or  generic  device  group   as  defined  in  Directive  93/42/EEC.  The  objective  is  to  confirm  clinical   performance  and  safety  throughout  the  expected  lifetime  of  the  medical   device,  the  acceptability  of  identified  risks  and  to  detect  emerging  risks  on   the  basis  of  factual  evidence
  • 16. Important  New/Adjusted  Definitions  in  rev  4 • PMCF  Study • A  study  carried  out  following  the  CE  marking  of  a  device  and  intended  to   answer  specific  questions  relating  to  clinical  safety  or  performance  (i.e.   residual  risks)  of  a  device  when  used  in  accordance  with  its  approved   labelling. • Sufficient  Clinical  Evidence • clinical  data  of  an  amount  and  quality  to  guarantee  the  scientific  validity  of   the  conclusions  (adapted  from  section  2.3.1  of  Annex  X  of  MDD)
  • 17. Clinical  Evaluation  – what  is  it?  (6.1) 1.Clinical  evaluation  is  a  methodologically  sound  ongoing  procedure  to   collect  and  analyse  clinical  data  pertaining  to  a  medical  device  and  to   assess  whether  there  is  Sufficient  Clinical  Evidence  to  confirm  compliance   with  relevant  essential  requirements  for  safety  and  performance  when   using  the  device  according  to  the  manufacturer’s  Instructions  for  Use 2.Very  clear  in  rev  4  CER  needed  for  ALL  classes  of  medical  device  (class  I     and  up!) 3.Core  issues  are  the  proper  determination  of  the  benefit/risk  profile  in  the   intended  target  groups  and  medical  indications,  and  demonstration  of   acceptability of  that  profile based  on  the  state  of  the  art  in  the  medical   fields  concerned
  • 18. Clinical  Evaluation  – focus  for  evaluators  (6.1) # Issue Focus for evaluators 1 Intended use - ER 1, 3 Is this supported by Sufficient Clinical Evidence (SCE)? 2 Clinical Performance & Benefits - ER 1, 3, 6 Are these supported by Sufficient Clinical Evidence (SCE)? 3 Risk avoidance/risk mitigations in “Information Material” ER 1, 3, 6 Are these supported by Sufficient Clinical Evidence (SCE)? 4 Usability for intended users (e.g. professionals, lay-persons, disabled persons) – ER 1 Is this supported by Sufficient Clinical Evidence (SCE)? 5 Suitability of “Information Material” for intended users – ER 1 Is this supported by Sufficient Clinical Evidence (SCE)? 6 Sufficient instructions for intended users (e.g. pregnant women, paediatrics) – ER 1 Consistent with the clinical data?
  • 19. Clinical  Evaluation  during  Development  (6.2.1) RISK MGMT PMS CER • Data needs • Equivalence? • Trial? Study design • Needs? • Plan? • PMCF? Preclinical testing • Needs
  • 20. Clinical  Evaluation  for  Initial  CE  Marking  (6.2.2) RISK MGMT CERPMS INFORMATION MATERIALS • Sufficient Clinical Evidence to meet ERs? • Significance of any clinical risks after risk control • Needs (subtle, long terms effects) • Plan • PMCF? • IFU appropriate for intended users? • All clinical risks in RMR? • Risks controls ID and verified? • Risk-Benefit justified? Preclinical testing • All risk controls in IFU? Validated? • All warnings etc in RMR? • Usability demonstrated?
  • 21. Clinical  Evaluation  during  the  PMS  phase  (6.2.3) INFORMATION MATERIALS • Needed updates? PMS • Updated Needs/Plan? • PMS data • SotA? • Off label use? RISK MGMT • New Haz. Sit. • Adjust Risks • New R vs B • Claims justified? (old, new) CER • Update CER • New Clinical Data • New R vs. B • Claims justified? (old, new)
  • 22. Clinical  Evaluation  during  the  PMS  phase  (6.2.3) 1.Manufacturer  must  DEFINE  and  JUSTIFY  frequency  of  updating  the   CER,  based  on:-­‐ i. Device  has  significant  risks?  (invasiveness,  high  risk  patient  population,   severity  of  disease  …  see  MEDDEV  2.12.2  rev  2) ii. Device  is  well  established?  (innovation,  design  changes,  number  of  devices   used,  are  there  risks/uncertainties  in  long  term  &  has  this  period  been   covered?  …) 2.Update  CER  when: i. New  PMS  info  with  potential  to  change  current  evaluation   ii. If  no  such  information  is  received,  at  least: a. AT  LEAST  Annuallyif  “significant  risk”/not  well  established b. Every  2-­‐5 years if  no  “significant  risk”/IS  well  established;  MUST  JUSTIFY (coordinate  with  NB  for  certificate  renewals)
  • 23. How  is  Clinical  Evaluation  Performed?  (6.3) Scope Section 7 App. A3 ID data Section 8 App. A4-A5 Appraisal Section 9 App. A6 Analysis Section 10 App A7-A8 Finalize CER Section 11 App. A9-A10
  • 24. Who  performs  Clinical  Evaluation?  (6.4) • Suitably  qualified  individual  or  a  team • The  manufacturer  should  take  the  following  aspects  into   consideration: • requirements  for  evaluators  in  line  with  the  nature  of  the  device  under   evaluation  and  its  clinical  performance  and risks. • The  manufacturer  should  be  able  to  justify  the  choice  of  the  evaluators   (qualifications;  documented  experience*),  and  to  present  a  declaration  of   interest*  (financial  interests,  conflicts  of  interest  – see  A11)  for  each. ‒ *Reviewed  by  NB.   ‒ *“Independence”  does  not  appear.   ‒ *  Not  explicit  how  they  are  to  assess  these  and  what  they  are  to  do  
  • 25. Who  performs  Clinical  Evaluation?  (6.4) • As  a  general  principle,  the  evaluators  should  possess  knowledge  of   the  following: 1. the  device  technology  and  its  application; 2. research  methodology  (including  clinical  investigation  design  and   biostatistics); 3. diagnosis  and  management  of  the  conditions  intended  to  be  managed  or   diagnosed  by  the  device,  knowledge  of  alternative  treatments,  treatment   standards  and  technology   4. information  management  (e.g.  scientific  background  or  librarianship   qualification;  experience  with  relevant  databases) 5. regulatory  requirements;  and 6. medical  writing  (e.g.  post-­‐graduate  experience  in  a  relevant  science  or  in   medicine;  training  and  experience  in  medical  writing);  
  • 26. Who  performs  Clinical  Evaluation?  (6.4) • The  evaluators  should  have  at  least  the  following  training  and   experience  in  the  relevant  field: 1. a  higher  degree and  5  years  of  documented  professional  experience;  or 2. 10  years  of  documented  professional  experience  if  a  higher  degree  is  not  a   prerequisite  for  a  given  task.   • There  may  be  circumstances  where  the  level  of  evaluator  expertise   may  be  less  or  different,  this  should  be  documented  and  justified
  • 27. Scoping  (7.0) • Define  scope,  based  on  the  ER  which  need  to  be  addressed  (e.g.  1,   3,  6  MDD) • Nice  table  in  rev  4  highlighting  the  focus  for  the  CER  in    the  pre-­‐ and   post-­‐CE  Marking  situation  (see  previous  slides) ‒ Off-­‐label  use  is  included  in  the  post-­‐CE  phase  now  (cf.  rev  3) • Annex  7 gives  lots  of  addition  guidance  on  how  to  analyse clinical   data  to  show  meet  the  ERs  (7  pages!) • Won’t  address  all  of  this,  but  a  few  key  points  …
  • 28. Scoping  (7.0/Annex  7)  – Key  Points • ER  1,  Safety • Risk  Mgmt -­‐>  all  hazards  covered  by  harmonized  stds? ‒ e.g.  60601-­‐1-­‐1  electrical  hazards  – hence  don’t  need  clinical  data ‒ e.g.  Usability  – 62366  – doesn’t  give  design  specifics,  therefore  may  need  clinical  data  to   show  risk  of  use  errors,  risks  due  to  ergonomic  issues  are  reduced  AFAP • ER  1,  Acceptable  R-­‐B  ratio • ER  1,  Clinical  risk   • ER  3,  Performance
  • 29. Scoping  (7.0/Annex  7)  – Key  Points • ER  6,  Undesirable  side  effects • Must  be  acceptable  when  weighed  against  the  benefits  of  using  the  device • Need  clinical  data  on  the: ‒ Nature,  severity  &  frequency  of  undesirable  side  effects ‒ Must  have  sufficient  sample  size  (N)  to  guarantee  the  scientific  validity  of  the  conclusion   (OTHERWISE  ER  6  NOT  MET!) ‒ Consider  the  state  of  the  art  (alternative  therapies,  baseline  devices  ..) • Make  sure  studies  are  big  enough! (Binomial Distribution) 1 2 3 4 5 6 Chance of observing at least 1 event (%) 80 80 80 90 90 90 Actual probability of SAE (%) 10 5 1 10 5 1 Number of subjects needed 15 32 161 22 45 230
  • 30. Identification  of  Data  (8.0,  8.1) • Various  sources  identified 1.Data  generated  &  held  by  Manufacturer a. Clinical  Investigation  data  (pre-­‐market) b. Animal/Performance  data c. PMS  data a. PMS/trend  reports b. Vigilance  reports c. Complaints d. FSCA e. Compassionate  use/Humanitarian  Use
  • 31. Identification  of  Data  (8.2) 2.Data  not  held  by  the  manufacturer  – Data  from  Literature   • Literature  searching  identifies  potential  sources  of  data  for   establishing: • Current  knowledge/State  of  the  Art ‒ Alternative  therapies,  benchmark  devices,  medical  condition,  patient  population ‒ Potential  clinical  hazards ‒ Justify  criteria  for  equivalence ‒ Justify  validity  of  any  surrogate  end-­‐points • Data  for  the  device  in  question  
  • 32. Key  points  in  rev  4  re  Literature  Searching  (8.2) 1.Search  strategy  should  be  thorough  &  objective a. PICO b. Cochrane  Handbook  for  Systematic  Reviews c. PRIMSA d. MOOSE 2.Use  Multiple search  strategies  to  get  all  information   3.Thorough  search  of  all  journals   • MEDLINE/PUBMED  good  starting  point • May  need  to  include  EMBASE to  ensure  adequate  coverage  of  EU  journals 4.Need  a  protocol  for  literature  review  (as  in  rev  3)
  • 33. Developing  Literature  Search  Question  -­‐ PICO Example: in people with a prior history of stroke, is blood pressure reduction more effective than no treatment in preventing future stroke events?
  • 34. Appraisal  of  Clinical  Data  (9) • Purpose  is  to  estimate  the  value  of  the  contribution  of  each  piece  of   clinical  data  to  the  assessment  of  clinical  safety  &  performance • Uncertainty  about  the  value  of  the  data  comes  from: 1. Methodological  quality  of  the  data 2. Relevance  of  the  data  to  the  intended  use • Many  ways  to  do  this  (e.g.  see  next  3  slides) • Need  an  Appraisal  Plan  (part  of  CER)  detailing: 1. Criteria  for  determining  the  quality  and  scientific  validity  of  each  piece  of  data 2. Criteria  for  relevance  to  the  evaluation 3. Criteria  for  how  to  weight  the  contribution  of  each  piece  of  data
  • 35. Contribution  of  each  data  set  -­‐ Appraisal  Criteria  -­‐ 1 Data  Suitability • Appropriate  device  (D) • Appropriate  device   application  (use)  (A) • Appropriate  patient  group  (P) • Acceptable  report/data   collection  (R) Data  Contribution • Data  source  type  (T) • Outcome  measures  (O) • Follow-­‐up  (F) • Statistical  significance  (S) • Clinical  significance  (C) Each  “Letter”  or  “Category”  receives  a  1,  2,  or  3 Then weight the data 1 = actual device (or equivalent) as intended(on label),etc. 2 = actual device (or equivalent) off label in same anatomy, etc. 3 = competitor devices/state-of-art,different anatomy,etc.
  • 36. Contribution  of  each  data  set  -­‐ Appraisal  Criteria  -­‐ 2 MEDDEV 2.7.1 Rev. 3 Appraisal Criteria for Suitability
  • 37. Contribution  of  each  data  set  -­‐ Appraisal  Criteria  -­‐ 3 MEDDEV 2.7.1 Rev. 3 Appraisal Criteria for Data Contribution
  • 38. Appraisal  of  Clinical  Data  (9) • Lots  of  advice  on  how  to  assess  the  quality  and  scientific  validity  of  the   data  now  given  (section  9.3) • How  to  determine  the  relevance  of  the  data  to  the  clinical  evaluation   (9.3.2) • Pivotal  Data  must  come  from: 1. The  device  under  evaluation 2. An  equivalent  device  (see  next  slide) • Weighting   • Use  pre-­‐defined  criteria   • RCT  noted  as  highest  weight  (increasing  emphasis  on  RCT)
  • 39. Equivalence  (A1) • Lots  of  details  given.  Some  highlights 1.Can  only  be  based  on  a  Single  device  (but …) 2.Same  general  criteria  given  (Clinical,  Technical,  Biological)  with  a    few   additions/clarifications 3.All  3  of  these  criteria  must  be  fulfilled  for  a  device  to  be  “equivalent” 4.Any  differences  must  be  clearly  identified,  disclosed,  evaluated  and   explanation  for  why  the  differences  are  not  expected  to  significantly   affect  the  performance  and  safety  of  the  device  are  to  be  given
  • 40. Equivalence  (A1) 4.“If  measurements  are  possible,  clinically  relevant  specifications  and  properties  should  be   measured  both  in  the  device  under  evaluation  and  the  device  presumed  to  be   equivalent,  and  presented  in  comparative  tabulations” • i.e.  must  OWN  (or  have  complete  access  to)  Technical  File/DD! 5.The  manufacturer  is  expected  to: include  the  supporting  non-­‐clinical  information  (e.g.   pre-­‐clinical  study  reports)  in  the  technical  documentation  of  the  device • i.e.  must  OWN  (or  have  complete  access  to)  Technical  File/DD! 6.The  only  clinical  data  that  are  considered  as  relevant  are  the  data  obtained  when  the   equivalent  device: Is  a  medical  device  that  conforms  to  the  requirements  of  the  medical   device  directives.   • i.e.  if  non-­‐CE  Marked  (e.g.  510k,  CFDA  approval  ..)  MAY  be  able  to  use  it,  but  must  justify  – same   device  intended  use,  patient  population,  medical  condition  …  etc;  also  issues  of: ‒ Any  differences  in  patient  population,  and ‒ clinical  practice  in  local  geography  cf.  Europe  
  • 41. Analysis  (10) • Goal  of  Analysis  =  to  determine  if  the  appraised  data  sets  (taking  into   account  the  pivotal  data,  other  own  data,  and  the  literature  review   report)  available  for  a  medical  device  collectively  demonstrate   compliance  with  each  of  the  Essential  Requirements  in  relation  to  its   intended  use ‒ (See  previous  slides) • Evaluators  needs  to  assess: • Compliance  to  the  ERs  based  on  the  clinical  data  and  analysis • Determine  any  gaps  and  if  a  clinical  investigation  is  needed  to  fill  those  gaps ID pivotal datasets Look for consistency across such datasets
  • 42. When  Should  Additional  Clinical  Investigations  be   conducted  (A2)? Considerations Additional Clinical Investigation? Implant (Annex X, 1.1a MDD) Yes/(most likely) High risk, class III (Annex X, 1.1a MDD) Novel technologies New clinical use for existing technology Any gaps in data to identifybenefits, risks,claims, side effects? (class I, IIa, Ib)
  • 43. When  Should  Additional  Clinical  Investigations  be   conducted  (A2)? • If  gap  analysis  reveals  any  gaps  in  data  are  sufficient  to  verify  that   device  meets  ERs • Special  attention  should  be  paid  to: • new  design  features,  including  new  materials, • new  intended  uses  (including  new  medical  indications),   • new  claims,   • new  types  of  users  (e.g.  lay  persons), • seriousness  of  direct  and/or  indirect  risks,   • contact  with  mucosal  membranes  or  invasiveness, • …..
  • 44. When  Should  Additional  Clinical  Investigations  be   conducted  (A2)? • Special  attention  should  be  paid  to  (continued): • ……… • increasing  duration  of  use  or  numbers  of  re-­‐applications,   • incorporation  of  medicinal  substances,   • use  of  animal  tissues  (other  than in  contact  with  intact  skin),   • issues  raised when  medical  alternatives  with  lower  risks  or  more  extensive   benefits  to  patients  are  available  or  have   become  newly  available, • whether  the  data  of  concern  are  amenable  to  evaluation  through  a  clinical   investigation
  • 45. In  summary 1. Rev  4  is  a  complete  rewrite  of  the  MEDDEV 2. It  is  clearer,  more  prescriptive 3. It  is  much  harder  to  demonstrate  equivalence  now  -­‐ essentially   only  if  you  own  the  technical  file  for  the  devices  to  be  used 4. Clinical  Investigations  will  need  to  be  conducted  more  often 5. The  requirements  for  the  expertise  of  the  evaluators  has   increased,  and  the  requirements  are  clearer  
  • 46. In  summary 6. The  focus  for  CER  at  various  stages  is  clearer  now 7. Greater  expectations  are  being  put  on  the  NB  now  (hence  more   in-­‐depth  reviews  of  CERs) • The  clinical  expertise  requirement  for  staff  has  increased. • It  is  expected  they  medical  doctors/professionals  on  staff.   • The  QMS  procedures  for  assessment  of  CER  have  increased. • Clinical  experts  will  now  have  to  be  part  of  the  on-­‐site  audit  team  where  CER   are  assessed  on  site  (e.g.  renewals,  class  IIa and  IIb initial  assessments).   • A  CEAR  will  have  to  be  written  now,  and  provided  to    Expert  Panel  for  review
  • 47. In  summary 8. It  is  clearer  when  PMCF  is  needed  now  (more  often,  in  general) 9. The  links  between  CER-­‐Risk-­‐PMS  and  CER-­‐IFU  are  emphasized   (maybe  stricter  reviews  by  NB?) 10. The  scoping  of  the  CER  is  clearer  now.  Which  ERs  are  to  be  address   by  the  CER  (1,3,6  for  MDD)  are  now  much  more  explicit,  as  is  the   assessment  required  to  be  conducted  and  recorded  in  the  CER  for   each  of  these.   11. Assessment  of  Usability  more  explicitly  part  CER  now 12. Include  EMBASE  now  (and  criteria  for  selection  of  adequate   databases) 13. MEDDEV  2.7.1  rev  4  was  published  June  29,  2016.
  • 48. Thank  you  for  your  attention What  questions  can  we  answer? Keith Morel,PhD VP Regulatory Compliance ke i t h.m or e l @ qs e r ve gro up.c om +1 916 606 4820 ( c e l l )