Climate change presentation dealing with: the science; tipping points; implications (including insurance); denialism; media reporting; and essential measures.
The impression conveyed in the media of a debate among scientists is not supported by the evidence. The overwhelming majority of climate researchers most actively publishing in the field, concur that the climate is changing rapidly due to human activity.
Urgent and meaningful action is required if we are to avoid runaway climate change, leading to a planet vastly different to the one in which human civilisation has developed.
State of Scientific Knowledge on Climate Tipping PointsOECD Environment
Presentation given during the OECD Expert workshop on Economic Modelling of Climate and Related Tipping Points by Timothy M. Lenton, University of Exeter
IPCC, role of IPCC, IPCC AR5, key messages. approach in climate change mitigation, trends of green house gases, mitigation pathways and measures, mitigation policies and institutions,
Climate Change: Causes, Impacts and Vulnerability Assessmentramtpiitb
Climate change poses serious threats to humanity and the environment. Increased greenhouse gas concentrations from human activities are causing the planet to warm beyond natural variability. This document discusses the science of climate change, its causes, impacts such as sea level rise and effects on ecosystems, food security, water supply and public health. It also covers climate change policies and conferences, as well as social and economic dimensions of the issue.
Presentation on climate change by dr. tahmina afrosemuktadirmahin
The document discusses the impacts of climate change on coastal systems and communities. It notes that sea level rise, increased storm intensity, and changes in weather patterns will exacerbate erosion, damage infrastructure, and displace coastal plant and animal communities. Vulnerable areas include densely populated mega deltas, coral reefs, and small islands. Adaptation strategies discussed include protecting coastal zones, accommodating rising seas through land use planning, and developing financial protections like insurance. The document emphasizes the need for coordinated global action to mitigate further climate change through measures like reducing greenhouse gas emissions and transitioning to renewable energy sources.
NATURAL AND ANTHAOPOGENIC RADIATIVE FORCING BASED ON IPCC AR5Anakha Mohan
The document summarizes key points from the IPCC AR5 report about natural and anthropogenic radiative forcing. It discusses that the IPCC assesses climate change science and was set up in 1988 by WMO and UNEP. It has three working groups that assess different aspects of climate change. The document then defines radiative forcing and explains that human activities have altered the historical balance of energy entering and leaving the Earth, warming the planet. It notes that concentrations of greenhouse gases are unprecedented in at least 800,000 years due to human emissions since 1750. CO2 emissions from fossil fuels have been the primary driver of increased radiative forcing and climate change.
Presentation given by Chris Swanston to the the Hudson to Housatonic (H2H) Conservation Initiative for the H2H Conservation in a Changing Climate workshop on December 11, 2014.
Global warming is caused by increased levels of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere from human activities like burning fossil fuels. This has led to increased average global temperatures and other effects like rising sea levels, stronger extreme weather events, and damage to ecosystems. The document discusses the history of climate change on Earth and examines the greenhouse effect. It outlines effects of global warming like losses of forests and wetlands, ocean acidification harming marine life, and melting Arctic sea ice and glaciers raising sea levels and threatening coastal communities and islands. Solutions proposed include reducing fossil fuel consumption, switching to more energy efficient technologies, and planting trees to absorb carbon dioxide.
Climate change refers to the rise in average surface temperatures on Earth due primarily to human emissions of greenhouse gases from burning fossil fuels. This warming causes a range of effects including rising sea levels, more extreme weather, and conditions that increase wildfires. Climate change affects humans in many ways such as reducing crop yields, altering water resources, and causing migration due to changes in living conditions. While some fluctuations in temperature occur naturally, the current warming trend is clearly associated with human activity according to scientific consensus. Failure to curb emissions could lead to an average temperature rise of 4.5°C by 2100 with severe consequences particularly for poorer countries.
State of Scientific Knowledge on Climate Tipping PointsOECD Environment
Presentation given during the OECD Expert workshop on Economic Modelling of Climate and Related Tipping Points by Timothy M. Lenton, University of Exeter
IPCC, role of IPCC, IPCC AR5, key messages. approach in climate change mitigation, trends of green house gases, mitigation pathways and measures, mitigation policies and institutions,
Climate Change: Causes, Impacts and Vulnerability Assessmentramtpiitb
Climate change poses serious threats to humanity and the environment. Increased greenhouse gas concentrations from human activities are causing the planet to warm beyond natural variability. This document discusses the science of climate change, its causes, impacts such as sea level rise and effects on ecosystems, food security, water supply and public health. It also covers climate change policies and conferences, as well as social and economic dimensions of the issue.
Presentation on climate change by dr. tahmina afrosemuktadirmahin
The document discusses the impacts of climate change on coastal systems and communities. It notes that sea level rise, increased storm intensity, and changes in weather patterns will exacerbate erosion, damage infrastructure, and displace coastal plant and animal communities. Vulnerable areas include densely populated mega deltas, coral reefs, and small islands. Adaptation strategies discussed include protecting coastal zones, accommodating rising seas through land use planning, and developing financial protections like insurance. The document emphasizes the need for coordinated global action to mitigate further climate change through measures like reducing greenhouse gas emissions and transitioning to renewable energy sources.
NATURAL AND ANTHAOPOGENIC RADIATIVE FORCING BASED ON IPCC AR5Anakha Mohan
The document summarizes key points from the IPCC AR5 report about natural and anthropogenic radiative forcing. It discusses that the IPCC assesses climate change science and was set up in 1988 by WMO and UNEP. It has three working groups that assess different aspects of climate change. The document then defines radiative forcing and explains that human activities have altered the historical balance of energy entering and leaving the Earth, warming the planet. It notes that concentrations of greenhouse gases are unprecedented in at least 800,000 years due to human emissions since 1750. CO2 emissions from fossil fuels have been the primary driver of increased radiative forcing and climate change.
Presentation given by Chris Swanston to the the Hudson to Housatonic (H2H) Conservation Initiative for the H2H Conservation in a Changing Climate workshop on December 11, 2014.
Global warming is caused by increased levels of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere from human activities like burning fossil fuels. This has led to increased average global temperatures and other effects like rising sea levels, stronger extreme weather events, and damage to ecosystems. The document discusses the history of climate change on Earth and examines the greenhouse effect. It outlines effects of global warming like losses of forests and wetlands, ocean acidification harming marine life, and melting Arctic sea ice and glaciers raising sea levels and threatening coastal communities and islands. Solutions proposed include reducing fossil fuel consumption, switching to more energy efficient technologies, and planting trees to absorb carbon dioxide.
Climate change refers to the rise in average surface temperatures on Earth due primarily to human emissions of greenhouse gases from burning fossil fuels. This warming causes a range of effects including rising sea levels, more extreme weather, and conditions that increase wildfires. Climate change affects humans in many ways such as reducing crop yields, altering water resources, and causing migration due to changes in living conditions. While some fluctuations in temperature occur naturally, the current warming trend is clearly associated with human activity according to scientific consensus. Failure to curb emissions could lead to an average temperature rise of 4.5°C by 2100 with severe consequences particularly for poorer countries.
This presentation discusses natural hazards and climate change in India. It notes that India's climate makes it highly susceptible to climate change and natural hazards. Some key points:
- Natural hazards include floods, wildfires, earthquakes and drought. Climate change is increasing temperatures and altering rainfall patterns.
- Impacts of climate change in India include increased temperatures, shifts to new climate zones, and more extreme weather events like flooding.
- Climate change is exacerbating natural hazards and their effects on humans. The conclusion calls for advanced warning systems to reduce hazards' impacts.
This document discusses global warming and the greenhouse effect. It explains that human activity is increasing greenhouse gases which thickens the layer trapping heat in the atmosphere and gradually increases earth's temperature. The greenhouse effect was discovered in 1824 and the main greenhouse gases are carbon dioxide, methane, CFCs and nitrous oxide. These gases are essential for maintaining a habitable temperature on Earth but human activities like burning fossil fuels have increased their levels since the pre-industrial era. This warming effects ecosystems and humans in various ways like rising sea levels and more extreme weather. Solutions proposed to reduce global warming include using renewable energy, afforestation, energy efficiency and international agreements like the Kyoto Protocol.
Climate Modeling and Future Climate Change ProjectionsJesbin Baidya
Climate models are mathematical representations of the physical processes that control the climate system. The most sophisticated climate models are called General Circulation Models (GCMs) which attempt to simulate all relevant atmospheric and oceanic processes. GCMs are based on fundamental laws of physics and solve complex equations using computers. They allow scientists to project potential future climate changes from increasing greenhouse gases by assessing how the climate system may respond to restore equilibrium. While climate models have uncertainties, they provide valuable insights when evaluated against historical climate data.
The Earth’s climate is changing. Temperatures are rising, snow and rainfall patterns are shifting, and more extreme climate events—like heavy rainstorms and record-high temperatures, are already taking place. One important way to track and communicate the causes and effects of climate change is
through the use of indicators. An indicator represents the state or trend of certain environmental or societal conditions over a given area and a specified period of time. This lesson highlights all those indicators for a better understanding of climate change.
The document discusses several topics related to climate change:
1) Recent years have been the hottest on record with rising global temperatures and melting Arctic sea ice. The majority of Americans believe that climate change is occurring.
2) Significant efforts and investments totaling over $1 trillion per year will be needed to transition economies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and stabilize the climate.
3) Failure to curb emissions could lead to catastrophic impacts like 6°C of warming by 2100 and major sea level rise from melting ice sheets that would displace millions of people globally.
Presentation from a Cary Institute of Ecosystems Studies public forum on climate change by Perry Sheffield, Professor of Pediatrics and Preventative Medicine, Mount Sinai
Biodiversity and indicators of climate changeWWF-India
This document discusses biodiversity indicators of climate change in coastal and marine environments in India. It outlines several macro-level climate change indicators that are monitored using remote sensing tools, including rising temperatures, sea level rise, and changes in ocean chemistry and coastal geomorphology. It then describes various coastal and marine habitats that are vulnerable to climate change impacts, such as coral reefs, mangroves, lagoons, estuaries, mudflats, and islands. Specific impacts to these habitats include coral bleaching, changes in mangrove community composition and zonation, and loss of islands. Case studies on marine turtles and the Sunderbans reserve demonstrate recorded and projected climate change impacts.
Ecosystems exhibit cybernetic properties through negative feedback loops that maintain stability. Living and non-living components interact through energy and nutrient cycles to self-regulate the ecosystem. For example, homeostasis in animals uses feedback to keep core body temperatures stable. Ecosystems also promote redundancy of species to perform functions and increase resilience to disturbances. However, human activities often disrupt natural feedback controls, and establishing new negative feedback will be important to sustain quality of life and environment.
Potential Global Warming and Sea Level Rise; Impact of Climate Change on Ene...Jack Onyisi Abebe
This presentation discusses the Potential Global Warming and Sea Level Rise; Impact of Climate Change on Energy Use, Water and Water Quality and Availability
This document discusses global warming, defining it as a gradual increase in the average temperature of the Earth's surface caused by both human and natural factors. It outlines the greenhouse gas effect and ozone layer depletion as the primary mechanisms, noting that increased CO2 and other greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuel usage, deforestation, and other human activities are major contributors. Effects include melting glaciers/rising sea levels, more extreme weather, impacts on ecosystems and biodiversity, socioeconomic problems, and increased health issues. Solutions proposed are reducing carbon emissions through clean energy adoption, tree planting, and international agreements like the Kyoto Protocol. However, some uncertainties remain around the exact causes and impacts of global warming.
1. Climate change refers to substantial changes in weather patterns due to human activities that release greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.
2. The earth has warmed over 0.5°C in the last century and models predict further warming of 1.8-4.0°C by 2100, with rising sea levels and more extreme weather.
3. Human activities like burning fossil fuels and deforestation are the main causes of increasing greenhouse gas emissions like carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
This document outlines key concepts related to climate and climate modelling. It discusses global climate models (GCMs) which are 3D models of the atmosphere and oceans used to simulate the climate system. It also discusses regional climate models (RCMs) which provide higher resolution outputs than GCMs to better represent regional features. The document then summarizes projected climate changes from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change including increased global temperatures, precipitation changes, and sea level rise under different emissions scenarios through 2100.
Certain atmospheric gases like carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide trap heat from the sun in the lower atmosphere, causing the greenhouse effect. Without this effect, the average temperature on Earth would be much colder and unsuitable for life. The greenhouse effect is enhanced by human activities that release more of these gases such as burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and agriculture. Global warming occurs when too much greenhouse gas builds up in the atmosphere and causes the average temperature to increase, leading to changes in climate patterns and sea levels that threaten ecosystems and societies.
The document provides an overview of environmental impact assessments (EIAs). It discusses that EIAs ensure environmental factors are considered early in project planning and considers impacts on local communities and biodiversity. The EIA process involves screening projects, conducting initial environmental examinations and scoping, performing the full EIA and oversight, decision making, monitoring, and evaluation. Projects requiring EIAs are those likely to significantly impact the environment due to their nature, size or location. EIAs identify direct and indirect environmental effects and are intended to prevent or minimize adverse impacts and enhance project quality.
This document discusses environmental impact assessments of development projects. It provides definitions and information about key concepts like environmental management, carrying capacity, and types of air pollution. It also includes links to resources on environmental management systems, the EPA PerformanceTrack Program, ISO 14000 standards, and the goals and process of environmental impact assessments.
Wastewater treatment using microbial fuel cell and simultaneous power generationMahendra Gowda
Waste water contain lots of energy in it only thing is it has to be recovered in a proper way. Microbial Fuel cell is a efficient and energy saving technique in that line.
Floods have the greatest damage potential when compared to the other natural disasters, over the environment. Floods are also considered to be both social and economic disasters. This module highlights the details of floods as natural hazards.
The document is a student assignment on global warming. It discusses the causes and effects of global warming, including how human activity like burning fossil fuels is overloading the atmosphere with carbon dioxide and trapping heat. It reviews literature from experts acknowledging the threat of climate change. The assignment analyzes ways to control global warming like reducing energy and fossil fuel use and planting trees. It concludes that while individual efforts may seem small, collective action is needed and successes should be celebrated.
Climate change tipping points and their implications - not downloadablePaul Mahony
The document discusses climate change tipping points and their implications. It notes that Arctic sea ice in 2011 was the second lowest on record and unprecedented releases of methane from permafrost were observed in 2011. Greenhouse gas emissions also increased by the highest percentage on record in 2010. The International Energy Agency warned that the world is on the brink of irreversible climate change and will hit a point of no return in five years.
The document discusses several factors related to climate change:
1. It discusses three primary factors that influence Earth's orbit and axial tilt - eccentricity, axial tilt, and precession - and how these Milankovitch cycles impact climate over long time periods.
2. It explains the Ruddiman hypothesis, which suggests that human agricultural activities beginning around 8,000 years ago prevented the onset of a natural ice age, and industrialization in the 19th century further disrupted the climate cycle.
3. It provides examples of how human activities like fossil fuel use, deforestation, and agriculture have increased greenhouse gases in the atmosphere like carbon dioxide and methane, driving unprecedented modern climate change.
This presentation discusses natural hazards and climate change in India. It notes that India's climate makes it highly susceptible to climate change and natural hazards. Some key points:
- Natural hazards include floods, wildfires, earthquakes and drought. Climate change is increasing temperatures and altering rainfall patterns.
- Impacts of climate change in India include increased temperatures, shifts to new climate zones, and more extreme weather events like flooding.
- Climate change is exacerbating natural hazards and their effects on humans. The conclusion calls for advanced warning systems to reduce hazards' impacts.
This document discusses global warming and the greenhouse effect. It explains that human activity is increasing greenhouse gases which thickens the layer trapping heat in the atmosphere and gradually increases earth's temperature. The greenhouse effect was discovered in 1824 and the main greenhouse gases are carbon dioxide, methane, CFCs and nitrous oxide. These gases are essential for maintaining a habitable temperature on Earth but human activities like burning fossil fuels have increased their levels since the pre-industrial era. This warming effects ecosystems and humans in various ways like rising sea levels and more extreme weather. Solutions proposed to reduce global warming include using renewable energy, afforestation, energy efficiency and international agreements like the Kyoto Protocol.
Climate Modeling and Future Climate Change ProjectionsJesbin Baidya
Climate models are mathematical representations of the physical processes that control the climate system. The most sophisticated climate models are called General Circulation Models (GCMs) which attempt to simulate all relevant atmospheric and oceanic processes. GCMs are based on fundamental laws of physics and solve complex equations using computers. They allow scientists to project potential future climate changes from increasing greenhouse gases by assessing how the climate system may respond to restore equilibrium. While climate models have uncertainties, they provide valuable insights when evaluated against historical climate data.
The Earth’s climate is changing. Temperatures are rising, snow and rainfall patterns are shifting, and more extreme climate events—like heavy rainstorms and record-high temperatures, are already taking place. One important way to track and communicate the causes and effects of climate change is
through the use of indicators. An indicator represents the state or trend of certain environmental or societal conditions over a given area and a specified period of time. This lesson highlights all those indicators for a better understanding of climate change.
The document discusses several topics related to climate change:
1) Recent years have been the hottest on record with rising global temperatures and melting Arctic sea ice. The majority of Americans believe that climate change is occurring.
2) Significant efforts and investments totaling over $1 trillion per year will be needed to transition economies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and stabilize the climate.
3) Failure to curb emissions could lead to catastrophic impacts like 6°C of warming by 2100 and major sea level rise from melting ice sheets that would displace millions of people globally.
Presentation from a Cary Institute of Ecosystems Studies public forum on climate change by Perry Sheffield, Professor of Pediatrics and Preventative Medicine, Mount Sinai
Biodiversity and indicators of climate changeWWF-India
This document discusses biodiversity indicators of climate change in coastal and marine environments in India. It outlines several macro-level climate change indicators that are monitored using remote sensing tools, including rising temperatures, sea level rise, and changes in ocean chemistry and coastal geomorphology. It then describes various coastal and marine habitats that are vulnerable to climate change impacts, such as coral reefs, mangroves, lagoons, estuaries, mudflats, and islands. Specific impacts to these habitats include coral bleaching, changes in mangrove community composition and zonation, and loss of islands. Case studies on marine turtles and the Sunderbans reserve demonstrate recorded and projected climate change impacts.
Ecosystems exhibit cybernetic properties through negative feedback loops that maintain stability. Living and non-living components interact through energy and nutrient cycles to self-regulate the ecosystem. For example, homeostasis in animals uses feedback to keep core body temperatures stable. Ecosystems also promote redundancy of species to perform functions and increase resilience to disturbances. However, human activities often disrupt natural feedback controls, and establishing new negative feedback will be important to sustain quality of life and environment.
Potential Global Warming and Sea Level Rise; Impact of Climate Change on Ene...Jack Onyisi Abebe
This presentation discusses the Potential Global Warming and Sea Level Rise; Impact of Climate Change on Energy Use, Water and Water Quality and Availability
This document discusses global warming, defining it as a gradual increase in the average temperature of the Earth's surface caused by both human and natural factors. It outlines the greenhouse gas effect and ozone layer depletion as the primary mechanisms, noting that increased CO2 and other greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuel usage, deforestation, and other human activities are major contributors. Effects include melting glaciers/rising sea levels, more extreme weather, impacts on ecosystems and biodiversity, socioeconomic problems, and increased health issues. Solutions proposed are reducing carbon emissions through clean energy adoption, tree planting, and international agreements like the Kyoto Protocol. However, some uncertainties remain around the exact causes and impacts of global warming.
1. Climate change refers to substantial changes in weather patterns due to human activities that release greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.
2. The earth has warmed over 0.5°C in the last century and models predict further warming of 1.8-4.0°C by 2100, with rising sea levels and more extreme weather.
3. Human activities like burning fossil fuels and deforestation are the main causes of increasing greenhouse gas emissions like carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
This document outlines key concepts related to climate and climate modelling. It discusses global climate models (GCMs) which are 3D models of the atmosphere and oceans used to simulate the climate system. It also discusses regional climate models (RCMs) which provide higher resolution outputs than GCMs to better represent regional features. The document then summarizes projected climate changes from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change including increased global temperatures, precipitation changes, and sea level rise under different emissions scenarios through 2100.
Certain atmospheric gases like carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide trap heat from the sun in the lower atmosphere, causing the greenhouse effect. Without this effect, the average temperature on Earth would be much colder and unsuitable for life. The greenhouse effect is enhanced by human activities that release more of these gases such as burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and agriculture. Global warming occurs when too much greenhouse gas builds up in the atmosphere and causes the average temperature to increase, leading to changes in climate patterns and sea levels that threaten ecosystems and societies.
The document provides an overview of environmental impact assessments (EIAs). It discusses that EIAs ensure environmental factors are considered early in project planning and considers impacts on local communities and biodiversity. The EIA process involves screening projects, conducting initial environmental examinations and scoping, performing the full EIA and oversight, decision making, monitoring, and evaluation. Projects requiring EIAs are those likely to significantly impact the environment due to their nature, size or location. EIAs identify direct and indirect environmental effects and are intended to prevent or minimize adverse impacts and enhance project quality.
This document discusses environmental impact assessments of development projects. It provides definitions and information about key concepts like environmental management, carrying capacity, and types of air pollution. It also includes links to resources on environmental management systems, the EPA PerformanceTrack Program, ISO 14000 standards, and the goals and process of environmental impact assessments.
Wastewater treatment using microbial fuel cell and simultaneous power generationMahendra Gowda
Waste water contain lots of energy in it only thing is it has to be recovered in a proper way. Microbial Fuel cell is a efficient and energy saving technique in that line.
Floods have the greatest damage potential when compared to the other natural disasters, over the environment. Floods are also considered to be both social and economic disasters. This module highlights the details of floods as natural hazards.
The document is a student assignment on global warming. It discusses the causes and effects of global warming, including how human activity like burning fossil fuels is overloading the atmosphere with carbon dioxide and trapping heat. It reviews literature from experts acknowledging the threat of climate change. The assignment analyzes ways to control global warming like reducing energy and fossil fuel use and planting trees. It concludes that while individual efforts may seem small, collective action is needed and successes should be celebrated.
Climate change tipping points and their implications - not downloadablePaul Mahony
The document discusses climate change tipping points and their implications. It notes that Arctic sea ice in 2011 was the second lowest on record and unprecedented releases of methane from permafrost were observed in 2011. Greenhouse gas emissions also increased by the highest percentage on record in 2010. The International Energy Agency warned that the world is on the brink of irreversible climate change and will hit a point of no return in five years.
The document discusses several factors related to climate change:
1. It discusses three primary factors that influence Earth's orbit and axial tilt - eccentricity, axial tilt, and precession - and how these Milankovitch cycles impact climate over long time periods.
2. It explains the Ruddiman hypothesis, which suggests that human agricultural activities beginning around 8,000 years ago prevented the onset of a natural ice age, and industrialization in the 19th century further disrupted the climate cycle.
3. It provides examples of how human activities like fossil fuel use, deforestation, and agriculture have increased greenhouse gases in the atmosphere like carbon dioxide and methane, driving unprecedented modern climate change.
This article discusses findings from the MESSENGER spacecraft revealing details about Mercury's dynamic atmosphere. The spacecraft found that Mercury's polar regions contain large amounts of water ice, fulfilling predictions. However, measurements also surprisingly showed that the laser altimeter detected very low reflectance of Mercury's surface in polar regions, indicating it is coated in a dark, absorbing material in addition to water ice. Further studies are needed to understand the nature and origin of this dark material.
Solar Or Soy: Which is better for the planet? (A review of animal agriculture...Paul Mahony
Climate change is real
Humans are having a massive impact
Animal agriculture's issues:
- Inherent and gross inefficiency
- Scale
- Greenhouse gases and other warming agents
- Deforestation
- Water usage
- Nutrition
Ice melt, sea level rise and superstorms evidence from paleoclimatesim8283
This paper uses climate modeling, paleoclimate data, and modern observations to investigate the impacts of rapid ice melt from Antarctica and Greenland on global climate. The modeling finds that meltwater injection leads to ocean stratification, which retains heat at depth and promotes further ice shelf melting. This causes surface cooling in the Southern Ocean and North Atlantic, increasing Earth's energy imbalance and ocean heat uptake. The paleoclimate data from the last interglacial period provides evidence that these processes occurred when Earth was slightly warmer, resulting in rapid sea level rise and extreme storms. Modern observations also show signs that these impacts may already be underway due to human-caused climate change.
1) The document discusses the discovery and growth of the ozone hole over Antarctica.
2) Research in the 1970s first detected chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in the atmosphere, even in very small concentrations, and subsequent research showed that CFCs were destroying ozone molecules in the stratosphere.
3) This led to the realization that human-produced chemicals could be damaging the protective ozone layer and increasing UV radiation exposure worldwide.
The document summarizes arguments in favor of conducting solar radiation management (SRM) experiments. It reviews literature on geoengineering, finding support from prominent scientific bodies for limited SRM experiments under governance frameworks. However, the UN Convention on Biological Diversity currently has a moratorium on geoengineering. The document argues this prevents critical research and that principles of addressing climate change through innovative solutions, SRM's affordability and potential impact, and including SRM as part of a portfolio of solutions justify establishing governance for controlled SRM experiments before considering deployment.
Proposing the use of a global probe based network of durable marine “laborato...Hofstra University
This was my final project for my sedimentary geology class. The task was to come up with an original research project that was based on a topic relevant to the environment.
Web science emerged as a new interdisciplinary field to study and understand the World Wide Web. It aims to:
1) Model the Web's structure as a scale-free network and understand the architectural principles that fueled its growth.
2) Discover how online human interactions are driven by social conventions and how these interactions shape emergent properties like social networking and online communities.
3) Develop approaches to harness the Web's positive potential while addressing issues like privacy, security, and intellectual property through technical and policy solutions.
Major universities have established the Web Science Research Initiative to advance this new field through research collaborations, publications, and conferences. Important insights into search algorithms, network structure, and online behavior
This is a summary of some of the key types of geoengineering, including both SRM (Solar Radiation Managment) and CDR (Carbon Dioxide Removal).
*Note - while all of the information featured in this presentation is entirely factual, Harrison Wyld, Lulu Richmond and Bluebird are fictional entities and are part of an alternate reality initiative by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation. More information at http://abc.net.au/bluebird
THE WAYS IN WHICH GEO -ENGINEERING COULD TRANSFORM THE ENVIRONMENTVARUN KESAVAN
Varun Kesavan discusses how geoengineering could be used to address the climate emergency. Specifically, solar radiation management techniques like stratospheric aerosol injection aim to reflect sunlight back into space to cool the planet. While once dismissed, major universities are now researching geoengineering due to the urgent threat of climate change. However, the large-scale effects are still uncertain and it may discourage climate action or have unintended impacts if halted. Overall, geoengineering shows potential to significantly benefit society and the environment according to studies, despite some risks, and could provide time to further address the root causes of climate change.
WE1.L09 - AN OVERVIEW OF THE DESDYNI MISSIONgrssieee
The DESDynI mission is an upcoming NASA/JPL satellite mission that will use L-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and multibeam lidar instruments to study ice sheet dynamics, ecosystems, carbon cycling, and natural hazards. The mission aims to launch in October 2017 for a 3-year mission. Key science goals include improving understanding of ice sheet behavior and sea level rise, measuring global forest biomass and carbon fluxes, and mapping earthquake and volcanic deformation. Airborne simulators like UAVSAR and LVIS are currently being used to develop and test DESDynI measurement techniques.
The document discusses the objectives and activities of the Joint Task Force (JTF) established in 2012 by the ITU, WMO, and IOC to examine using submarine telecommunication cables for ocean and climate monitoring. The JTF is exploring establishing a global network of mini-observatories along cables to measure temperatures, pressures, and other data to study climate change, ocean health, and improve tsunami warning systems. Current plans include developing a pilot project with cable industry partners and researchers. The JTF aims to address the urgent need for more ocean observations through this innovative dual-use of existing infrastructure.
Climate Change and Wilderness - A Scottish PerspectiveforestryCommission
The document discusses the impacts of climate change from a Scottish perspective. It notes that the effects of releasing fossil fuel CO2 into the atmosphere will persist for hundreds of thousands of years. Comparison of modern temperatures with paleoclimate data suggests the planet is currently at its warmest in the past one million years, constituting dangerous climate change. The impacts of climate change are already being observed globally through rising temperatures and sea levels as well as decreasing snowfall.
The document discusses middle range theory in archaeology. Middle range theory aims to connect raw archaeological data to broader conclusions about human behavior in the past. It seeks to develop testable theories that are abstract enough for generalization but grounded in empirical evidence. While archaeologists initially applied middle range theory haphazardly, it has the potential to play an important role in the future by refocusing research on theoretical issues and human behavior rather than just interpretation. However, more work needs to be done to further define middle range theory in archaeology.
The Impact of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident on the Envir...Melissa Miller
The Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident in 2011 released significant amounts of radionuclides into the environment after the plant's cooling systems failed due to damage from an earthquake and tsunami. Radionuclides such as iodine-131, cesium-134 and cesium-137 spread through atmospheric and water deposition and contaminated surrounding areas and the ocean. Cesium-137 is a particular concern due to its long half-life and ability to accumulate in sediments and the food chain over time. The environmental impacts raised questions about Japan's future energy policy following such a severe nuclear incident.
This document discusses contemporary issues in reconstructing ancient climates from proxy data like tree rings. It notes that while tree ring data contains climate information, uncertainties exist in extracting climate signals due to non-climatic tree growth factors and noise in proxy records. Statistical methods are needed to combine multiple proxy records but must account for these issues to avoid overfitting. The document also explores using tree ring data to study decadal scale climate variability and whether proxies may amplify low frequency climate signals.
This document summarizes a chapter about impacts and extinctions from an earth science textbook. It discusses different types of objects in space like asteroids, meteoroids and comets. It explains how impacts can create airbursts or impact craters on Earth and the evidence these provide. A major focus is on the mass extinction event at the end of the Cretaceous period, proposing that it was caused by the impact of an asteroid approximately 180km wide that formed the Chicxulub crater. The sequence of events from impact to aftermath and extinction of dinosaurs is described. Risks of impacts are assessed and methods to minimize the hazard by tracking nearby objects are outlined.
The document discusses the threats that climate change poses to coral reef ecosystems in the Coral Triangle region. It notes that rising carbon dioxide levels and global warming are causing ocean acidification and increased thermal stress that can lead to mass coral bleaching events. When sea temperatures rise just 1°C above normal for an extended period, represented by a degree heating week measurement above 8, widespread coral bleaching and death is likely to occur. The 1998 bleaching event across the Western Indian Ocean saw 95% of corals die on some reefs. If carbon dioxide levels continue increasing rapidly, the future state of coral reefs will be severely threatened.
Similar to Climate change tipping points and their implications - downloadable (20)
This document summarizes a response to the Victorian government's review of animal welfare legislation. It makes three key points:
1) Current exemptions in legislation allow widespread cruelty to farmed animals, with over 146 million slaughtered annually compared to 7 million pets.
2) The government claims exemptions do not permit cruelty, but many routine practices like debeaking, confinement, and separating mothers and babies constitute cruelty.
3) Responsibility for farmed animals falls to the agriculture department rather than the RSPCA, so their welfare is not properly overseen. The review represents "window dressing" rather than meaningful reform.
The Low Emissions Diet: Eating for a safe climatePaul Mahony
The aim of this booklet is to highlight the greenhouse gas emissions associated with different types of food. To assist you in adopting or retaining a climate-friendly diet, we have included a sample of mouth-watering recipes complemented by charts showing the relevant carbon footprints.
Livestock production, particularly beef, has significant negative environmental impacts:
1) It is one of the largest contributors to greenhouse gas emissions, with beef alone producing nearly double the emissions of all non-ferrous metals in Australia.
2) It consumes vast amounts of water, with beef requiring five times more water than rice to produce. The beef and dairy industries use nearly three times more water than all of Australia's towns and cities combined.
3) The sector produces around 40% more greenhouse gases than the entire global transport system and is a major source of water and land pollution worldwide.
Most climate change campaigners focus on the fossil fuel sector.
While it's essential that we move away from fossil fuels if we're to avoid an ongoing climate catastrophe, we must also move away from animal agriculture.
The concept of the electric cow aims at providing some context to livestock's greenhouse gas emissions by comparing such emissions to those of: (a) electricity generated by fossil fuels; and (b) aluminium smelting, known within the industry as "congealed electricity" due to its enormous energy requirements.
I have an interest in the world of insurance, which is a far more comprehensive and intricate industry than suggested by domestic insurers’ multi-policy discounts and the like.
In fact, commerce and industry in general would not operate without the insurance mechanism to support it.
Risk management is a related discipline, consisting of insurance (within its "risk transfer" component) and many other elements.
I also have a keen interest in climate change, and have felt for some time that its near-term and longer-term impacts are not fully appreciated by various major participants in the insurance industry. For that reason, I have developed this presentation, which I will soon expand into a more comprehensive discussion paper:
Some Quotations on Climate Change from the World of Politics and ElsewherePaul Mahony
- President Lyndon Johnson in 1965 stated that the current generation had altered the atmosphere through increasing carbon dioxide from burning fossil fuels. This quote is presented along with the names of subsequent US presidents.
- Barack Obama in 2006 stated that climate change is real, its effects are already occurring, and it is creating man-made natural disasters. The document questions what Obama has done about climate change.
- Former Australian Prime Minister Tony Abbott in 2009 called the climate change argument "absolute crap". The document argues Australia is knowledgeable about climate change.
- A quote from the 2008 Environmental Activists' Conference is presented, calling climate change a precipice and saying human actions will soon be unable to control climate trajectory. The need for action
The document discusses the impacts of livestock on climate change through greenhouse gas emissions and land use. It outlines that livestock farming is an inherently inefficient use of resources, as only a small fraction of plant calories fed to livestock are ultimately obtained from meat production. A large portion of agricultural land and fresh water is used for livestock as well. The document notes that official greenhouse gas emissions figures omit or underestimate emissions from livestock such as methane, which has a stronger warming effect than carbon dioxide over shorter time periods. The Arctic is seeing unprecedented melting, with the Greenland ice sheet losing over 250 cubic km of ice per year. This level of melting is not accounted for in projections of sea level rise by the IPCC. If left unaddressed
The document summarizes a speech given by Paul Mahony of Melbourne Pig Save on October 13, 2012. It discusses the cruel treatment of pigs and sows in factory farms, including mutilations without anesthesia, confinement of pregnant sows in small stalls, and the slaughter process involving beating pigs with sledgehammers and leaving them to die in agony over six minutes without stunning. The document specifically calls out Wally's Piggery in NSW, where hidden camera footage revealed sick and dying animals, workers throwing and kicking piglets and beating sows, and infestations of flies. Protesters were bringing awareness to the public about the treatment of animals used for food like ham, bacon, and pork.
National food-plan-green-paper-submission-sep-12-ePaul Mahony
This document is a submission in response to Australia's National Food Plan addressing the need to transition to a plant-based diet. It discusses how animal agriculture significantly contributes to climate change through greenhouse gas emissions and land clearing for grazing. It also impacts water usage and biodiversity loss. Charts show Arctic sea ice melting at an accelerating rate, indicating the climate change emergency. The submission argues for educating the public on environmental benefits of a plant-based diet and pricing animal products to fully account for environmental costs.
A climate-of-opportunity-submission-paul-mahony-9-july-08Paul Mahony
The document is a submission in response to the Victorian government's climate change summit paper. It argues that the most significant contribution individuals can make is to adopt a plant-based diet to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from animal agriculture. Adopting such diets could help Australia meet its emissions reduction targets and address other environmental problems like water pollution, biodiversity loss, and land degradation. The submission calls on the government to better inform the public about the environmental benefits of dietary choices, as these could have a much larger impact than other encouraged practices around water and energy use.
Victorian climate green paper submission sep '09 vnv - 5Paul Mahony
This document is a submission in response to the Victorian State Government's Climate Change Green Paper. It makes the following key points:
1. Adopting a plant-based diet is the most significant action individuals can take to address climate change and environmental problems.
2. The government needs to inform the community of the environmental benefits of dietary choices, as the impact would be much greater than other measures promoted.
3. Pricing of animal agriculture products needs to incorporate external environmental costs not currently included to reflect their full costs.
4. A plant-based diet can easily meet nutritional needs and has far greater environmental benefits than animal-based diets.
Environmental Impacts of Animal Agriculture - Part 2Paul Mahony
This document compares the environmental impacts of beef versus plant-based foods like soy, wheat, rice and potatoes. It finds that:
1) Beef has significantly higher greenhouse gas emissions and water usage per hectare than plant-based foods, but provides less protein, energy, and other nutrients per hectare.
2) Producing beef is inherently inefficient, as it takes many kilograms of plant foods to produce one kilogram of beef.
3) Individual dietary choices can significantly impact the environment, so reducing meat consumption, especially beef, could help avoid catastrophic climate change.
Environmental Impacts of Animal Agriculture - Part 1Paul Mahony
To provide some context to the consideration of livestock’s environmental impact, this article compares it to: (a) aluminium;
and (b) coal-fired power; both of which are widely recognised as being extremely greenhouse gas (GHG)
emissions intensive.
Comments on Meat & Livestock Australia's So-Called "Myth Busters"Paul Mahony
This article considers material produced by Meat & Livestock Australia (MLA) in the form of what
it calls “myth busters” and “red meat green facts”.
It deals with:
- water usage;
- greenhouse gas emissions;
- other environmental impacts; and
- human health.
Why You Should Replace Windows 11 with Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 for enhanced perfor...SOFTTECHHUB
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One such alternative that has garnered significant attention and acclaim is Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, a sleek, powerful, and user-friendly Linux distribution that promises to redefine the way we interact with our devices. With its focus on performance, security, and customization, Nitrux Linux presents a compelling case for those seeking to break free from the constraints of proprietary software and embrace the freedom and flexibility of open-source computing.
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Are you ready to revolutionize how you handle data? Join us for a webinar where we’ll bring you up to speed with the latest advancements in Generative AI technology and discover how leveraging FME with tools from giants like Google Gemini, Amazon, and Microsoft OpenAI can supercharge your workflow efficiency.
During the hour, we’ll take you through:
Guest Speaker Segment with Hannah Barrington: Dive into the world of dynamic real estate marketing with Hannah, the Marketing Manager at Workspace Group. Hear firsthand how their team generates engaging descriptions for thousands of office units by integrating diverse data sources—from PDF floorplans to web pages—using FME transformers, like OpenAIVisionConnector and AnthropicVisionConnector. This use case will show you how GenAI can streamline content creation for marketing across the board.
Ollama Use Case: Learn how Scenario Specialist Dmitri Bagh has utilized Ollama within FME to input data, create custom models, and enhance security protocols. This segment will include demos to illustrate the full capabilities of FME in AI-driven processes.
Custom AI Models: Discover how to leverage FME to build personalized AI models using your data. Whether it’s populating a model with local data for added security or integrating public AI tools, find out how FME facilitates a versatile and secure approach to AI.
We’ll wrap up with a live Q&A session where you can engage with our experts on your specific use cases, and learn more about optimizing your data workflows with AI.
This webinar is ideal for professionals seeking to harness the power of AI within their data management systems while ensuring high levels of customization and security. Whether you're a novice or an expert, gain actionable insights and strategies to elevate your data processes. Join us to see how FME and AI can revolutionize how you work with data!
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GraphSummit Singapore | The Future of Agility: Supercharging Digital Transfor...Neo4j
Leonard Jayamohan, Partner & Generative AI Lead, Deloitte
This keynote will reveal how Deloitte leverages Neo4j’s graph power for groundbreaking digital twin solutions, achieving a staggering 100x performance boost. Discover the essential role knowledge graphs play in successful generative AI implementations. Plus, get an exclusive look at an innovative Neo4j + Generative AI solution Deloitte is developing in-house.
In his public lecture, Christian Timmerer provides insights into the fascinating history of video streaming, starting from its humble beginnings before YouTube to the groundbreaking technologies that now dominate platforms like Netflix and ORF ON. Timmerer also presents provocative contributions of his own that have significantly influenced the industry. He concludes by looking at future challenges and invites the audience to join in a discussion.
Communications Mining Series - Zero to Hero - Session 1DianaGray10
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• Communication Mining Overview
• Why is it important?
• How can it help today’s business and the benefits
• Phases in Communication Mining
• Demo on Platform overview
• Q/A
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The introduction of DLAU and the CCB & CCX licensing model caused quite a stir in the HCL community. As a Notes and Domino customer, you may have faced challenges with unexpected user counts and license costs. You probably have questions on how this new licensing approach works and how to benefit from it. Most importantly, you likely have budget constraints and want to save money where possible. Don’t worry, we can help with all of this!
We’ll show you how to fix common misconfigurations that cause higher-than-expected user counts, and how to identify accounts which you can deactivate to save money. There are also frequent patterns that can cause unnecessary cost, like using a person document instead of a mail-in for shared mailboxes. We’ll provide examples and solutions for those as well. And naturally we’ll explain the new licensing model.
Join HCL Ambassador Marc Thomas in this webinar with a special guest appearance from Franz Walder. It will give you the tools and know-how to stay on top of what is going on with Domino licensing. You will be able lower your cost through an optimized configuration and keep it low going forward.
These topics will be covered
- Reducing license cost by finding and fixing misconfigurations and superfluous accounts
- How do CCB and CCX licenses really work?
- Understanding the DLAU tool and how to best utilize it
- Tips for common problem areas, like team mailboxes, functional/test users, etc
- Practical examples and best practices to implement right away
HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-und-domino-lizenzkostenreduzierung-in-der-welt-von-dlau/
DLAU und die Lizenzen nach dem CCB- und CCX-Modell sind für viele in der HCL-Community seit letztem Jahr ein heißes Thema. Als Notes- oder Domino-Kunde haben Sie vielleicht mit unerwartet hohen Benutzerzahlen und Lizenzgebühren zu kämpfen. Sie fragen sich vielleicht, wie diese neue Art der Lizenzierung funktioniert und welchen Nutzen sie Ihnen bringt. Vor allem wollen Sie sicherlich Ihr Budget einhalten und Kosten sparen, wo immer möglich. Das verstehen wir und wir möchten Ihnen dabei helfen!
Wir erklären Ihnen, wie Sie häufige Konfigurationsprobleme lösen können, die dazu führen können, dass mehr Benutzer gezählt werden als nötig, und wie Sie überflüssige oder ungenutzte Konten identifizieren und entfernen können, um Geld zu sparen. Es gibt auch einige Ansätze, die zu unnötigen Ausgaben führen können, z. B. wenn ein Personendokument anstelle eines Mail-Ins für geteilte Mailboxen verwendet wird. Wir zeigen Ihnen solche Fälle und deren Lösungen. Und natürlich erklären wir Ihnen das neue Lizenzmodell.
Nehmen Sie an diesem Webinar teil, bei dem HCL-Ambassador Marc Thomas und Gastredner Franz Walder Ihnen diese neue Welt näherbringen. Es vermittelt Ihnen die Tools und das Know-how, um den Überblick zu bewahren. Sie werden in der Lage sein, Ihre Kosten durch eine optimierte Domino-Konfiguration zu reduzieren und auch in Zukunft gering zu halten.
Diese Themen werden behandelt
- Reduzierung der Lizenzkosten durch Auffinden und Beheben von Fehlkonfigurationen und überflüssigen Konten
- Wie funktionieren CCB- und CCX-Lizenzen wirklich?
- Verstehen des DLAU-Tools und wie man es am besten nutzt
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- Praxisbeispiele und Best Practices zum sofortigen Umsetzen
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BIO: Sostenitrice del software libero e dei formati standard e aperti. È stata un membro attivo dei progetti Fedora e openSUSE e ha co-fondato l'Associazione LibreItalia dove è stata coinvolta in diversi eventi, migrazioni e formazione relativi a LibreOffice. In precedenza ha lavorato a migrazioni e corsi di formazione su LibreOffice per diverse amministrazioni pubbliche e privati. Da gennaio 2020 lavora in SUSE come Software Release Engineer per Uyuni e SUSE Manager e quando non segue la sua passione per i computer e per Geeko coltiva la sua curiosità per l'astronomia (da cui deriva il suo nickname deneb_alpha).
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Discover how MongoDB Atlas and vector search technology can revolutionize your application's search capabilities. This comprehensive presentation covers:
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Best 20 SEO Techniques To Improve Website Visibility In SERPPixlogix Infotech
Boost your website's visibility with proven SEO techniques! Our latest blog dives into essential strategies to enhance your online presence, increase traffic, and rank higher on search engines. From keyword optimization to quality content creation, learn how to make your site stand out in the crowded digital landscape. Discover actionable tips and expert insights to elevate your SEO game.
2. Some recent developments
Arctic sea ice Nov 2011: Summer sea ice second
lowest on record
Permafrost Dec 2011: “Astonishing”
and unprecedented
releases of methane
Global greenhouse Nov 2011: 2010 highest
gas emissions percentage increase on
record
International Energy Agency Nov 2011: The world is on the brink of
irreversible climate change . . . in five
Paul Mahony 2012
years global warming will hit a point of
no return after which it will be
Image: iStockphoto Jan Rysavy
impossible to reverse the process.
3. Presentation outline
The science, incl. amplifying feedbacks
Tipping points, incl. examples and recent
developments:
• Arctic sea ice
• Greenland ice cap
• Methane clathrates/hydrates
- Permafrost
- Ocean sediments
Implications
Denialism and media reporting
Essential Measures
Paul Mahony 2012
Conclusion
5. as infrared (long wave)
radiation.
5
NASA, Global Climate Chang, Vital Signs of the Planet, http://climate.nasa.gov/causes/ with additional text re infrared radiation
9. Paul Mahony 2012 Our warming planet
http://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/videogallery/index.html?media_id=123437001
9
10. Paul Mahony 2012 Our warming planet
http://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/videogallery/index.html?media_id=123437001
10
11. Paul Mahony 2012 Our warming planet
http://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/videogallery/index.html?media_id=123437001
11
12. Paul Mahony 2012 Our warming planet
NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies Surface Temperature Analysis, http://data.giss.nasa.gov/cgi-
bin/gistemp/do_nmap.py?year_last=2012&month_last=1&sat=4&sst=1&type=anoms&mean_gen=11&year1=2010&year2=2010&b
ase1=1951&base2=1980&radius=1200&pol=reg 12
13. Our warming planet
.
ttimes
cooler a
e
may b
areas
S ome
Paul Mahony 2012
NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies Surface Temperature Analysis, http://data.giss.nasa.gov/cgi-
bin/gistemp/do_nmap.py?year_last=2012&month_last=1&sat=4&sst=1&type=anoms&mean_gen=11&year1=2010&year2=2010&b
ase1=1951&base2=1980&radius=1200&pol=reg 13
14. Tipping Point Definition
A critical threshold at which a small change in
human activity can have large, long-term
consequences for the Earth’s climate system.
Paul Mahony 2012
Science Daily, “Tipping Elements in Earth’s Climate System” , 4th Feb 2008 (Accessed 4 February 2012)
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/02/080204172224.htm; Image: iStockphoto Jan Rysavy
15. Record number of hot and cold days in Australia since 1960
Paul Mahony 2012
Source: CSIRO, “The Science of Climate Change: Questions and Answers”, Fig. 3.3, p. 8
19. Paul Mahony 2012
Amplifying Feedbacks in Climate System
CSIRO, “Climate Change: Science and Solutions for Australia” , http://www.csiro.au/resources/Climate-Change-Book.html
and http://www.publish.csiro.au/pid/6558.htm 19
20. Atmospheric Greenhouse Gas Emissions (Annual)
Around
Around 6% p.a.
2.5% p.a.
Around
1% p.a.
Paul Mahony 2012
Borenstein, S, “Biggest jump ever in global warming gases”, The Age, 4 Nov, 2012, http://news.theage.com.au/breaking-
news-world/biggest-jump-ever-in-global-warming-gases-20111104-1myf5.html
Chart: Katharine Hayhoe, Atmospheric Scientist, cited in Brook, B. “Depressing climate-related trends – But who gets It?”,
6 Nov 2011, http://bravenewclimate.com/2011/11/06/depressing-climate-trends/, Original http://twitpic.com/7b8v2j 20
21. Atmospheric Greenhouse Gas Emissions (Annual)
e
ed by th
e jump has
d ioxid nergy ing
ar bon t of E at slow
pp ing c artmen orts are
ea t-tra US Dep d's eff
ut of h rd, the worl
tp the
lobal ou t on reco feeble Around
“T he g amoun f how g.” 6% p.a. eport.
est s ign o rmin Around r
bigg lated, a bal wa 2.5% p.a. ’s 2007
ca lcu e glo IPCC
-mad rom
m an Around
ena rio f
1% p.a. e sc
s
wor st ca ard o
f.
n he
e r tha at is un
High a se th
r" incre
mo nste
It isa"
Paul Mahony 2012
Borenstein, S, “Biggest jump ever in global warming gases”, The Age, 4 Nov, 2012, http://news.theage.com.au/breaking-
news-world/biggest-jump-ever-in-global-warming-gases-20111104-1myf5.html
Chart: Katharine Hayhoe, Atmospheric Scientist, cited in Brook, B. “Depressing climate-related trends – But who gets It?”,
6 Nov 2011, http://bravenewclimate.com/2011/11/06/depressing-climate-trends/, Original http://twitpic.com/7b8v2j 21
22. Temperature Change
Comments from NASA’s Goddard Institute for Space Studies
• The year 2011 was the 9th warmest in the GISS analysis.
• It was cooled by a moderately strong La Nina.
• Nine of the ten warmest years have been in the 21st century.
• The only exception was 1998, which was warmed by the strongest El Nino
of the past century.
• The 5-year running mean global temperature hints at a slowdown in the
global warming rate during the past few years. However:
– La Nina phase dominant for the past three years.
– Deepest solar minimum in the period of satellite data.
Paul Mahony 2012
Hansen, J; Ruedy, R; Sato, M; Lo, K, “Global Temperature in 2011, Trends, and Prospects”, 18 January, 2012 (This
and previous slide), p. 1 and p. 9, http://www.columbia.edu/~jeh1/mailings/2012/20120119_Temperature.pdf 22
23. Temperature Change
Comments from NASA’s Goddard Institute for Space Studies
• The year 2011 was the 9th warmest in the GISS analysis.
e
• It was cooled by a moderately strong La Nina. to prov
lik ely ext few
in g is r the n
arm g o in
• Nine of the ten warmest years have been ve the 21st century.
w
n of pearin
dow
ow1998, g ap was warmed by the strongest El Nino
sl
• The only exception was rmin which
the a
that ra
of the past century.pid w d
e
clud more al, i
bi
con ith t
“We ry5-year en, J, e mean global temperature hints at a slowdown in the
• The ,w
so s running
illuglobalHan
.” warming rate during the past few years. However:
y ears
– La Nina phase dominant for the past three years.
– Deepest solar minimum in the period of satellite data.
Paul Mahony 2012
Hansen, J; Ruedy, R; Sato, M; Lo, K, “Global Temperature in 2011, Trends, and Prospects”, 18 January, 2012 (This
and previous slide), p. 1 and p. 9, http://www.columbia.edu/~jeh1/mailings/2012/20120119_Temperature.pdf 23
24. Paul Mahony 2012
Greenhouse Gas Concentrations
THE NOAA ANNUAL GREENHOUSE GAS INDEX (AGGI), http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/aggi/
24
25. GHGs, sea levels and temperature
Potentially
catastrophic
Benign
Benign
Paul Mahony 2012
Note: The shaded circles include the 10,000 years (approx.) of human civilisation.
Source: Hansen, J. et al “Target Atmospheric CO2: Where Should Humanity Aim?”, 2008 25
http://pubs.giss.nasa.gov/abstracts/2008/Hansen_etal.html
26. Atmospheric concentrations of CO2
300
1750
2,000 years
Paul Mahony 2012
Source: Adapted from CSIRO, “The Science of Climate Change: Questions and Answers”,
Fig. 4.1, p. 10 26
0
27. 394 ppm as Atmospheric concentrations of CO2
at Mar 2012
380 2000
300
1750
2,000 years
Paul Mahony 2012
Source: Adapted from CSIRO, “The Science of Climate Change: Questions and Answers”,
Fig. 4.1, p. 10 27
0
30. Tipping Points
• Arctic sea ice*
• Greenland* and Antarctic ice sheets
• Glaciers
• Methane hydrates/clathrates (permafrost and ocean sediments)*
• Forest destruction, incl. Amazon
• Atlantic Thermoline Circulation (THC)
• El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO)
• Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM)
Paul Mahony 2012
• Sahara/Sahel and West African Monsoon (WAM)
30
* Referred to in this presentation
31. Paul Mahony 2012
Arctic Summer Sea Minimum
NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center Scientific Visualization Studio, http://www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/features/thick-melt.html
31
32. Paul Mahony 2012
Arctic Summer Sea Minimum
NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center Scientific Visualization Studio, http://www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/features/thick-melt.html
32
33. Paul Mahony 2012
Arctic Summer Sea Ice
National Snow and Ice Data Center, “September 2011 compared to past years ” http://nsidc.org/arcticseaicenews/2011/10/ 33
34. Paul Mahony 2012
Arctic Summer Sea Ice
1958-1976 1993-97
Philippe Rekacewicz,UNEP GRID-Arendal, “Thinning of Arctic Sea Ice”, updated 22 Feb, 2012
34
http://www.grida.no/graphicslib/detail/thinning-of-the-arctic-sea-ice_f4eb#
35. Paul Mahony 2012
Arctic Summer Sea Ice
From Brook, B. “Depressing climate-related trends – but who gets it?”, 6 Nov 2011
http://bravenewclimate.com/2011/11/06/depressing-climate-trends/ based on Pan-Arctic Ice Ocean Modeling and Assimilation System
(PIOMAS, Zhang and Rothrock, 2003) graphs from the Polar Science Center of the Applied Physics Laboratory at the University of
Washington, http://psc.apl.washington.edu/wordpress/research/projects/arctic-sea-ice-volume-anomaly/, reported in 35
http://neven1.typepad.com/blog/2011/10/piomas-september-2011-volume-record-lower-still.html
36. Arctic Summer Sea Ice
e
ss som r ice
unle summe
e that rctic
clud the A e&
con urs, Chang
ab le to occ .” m ate
a son round by 2020 fo r Cli
it is re turn a -zero nst itute
“. . . rkable e near rch I
a lb esea de
rem e wil ,R
ctor Adelai ?”
vo lum ir e
, D ity of e ts it
B rook er s tw ho g
.B arry ty, Univ s – bu
Prof inabili dtrend
Susta re late
lim ate-
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e pres
From “D
Paul Mahony 2012
From Brook, B. “Depressing climate-related trends – but who gets it?”, 6 Nov 2011
http://bravenewclimate.com/2011/11/06/depressing-climate-trends/ based on Pan-Arctic Ice Ocean Modeling and Assimilation System
(PIOMAS, Zhang and Rothrock, 2003) graphs from the Polar Science Center of the Applied Physics Laboratory at the University of
Washington, http://psc.apl.washington.edu/wordpress/research/projects/arctic-sea-ice-volume-anomaly/, reported in 36
http://neven1.typepad.com/blog/2011/10/piomas-september-2011-volume-record-lower-still.html
37. Arctic Summer Sea Ice
David Spratt, Co-author of “Climate Code Red: the case for
emergency action” and Damien Lawson:
The danger is that an ice-free state in the Arctic summer will
kick the climate system into run-on warming and create an
aberrant new climate state many, many degrees hotter.
Paul Mahony 2012
Spratt, D and Lawson, D, “Bubbling our way to the Apocalypse”, Rolling Stone, November 2008, pp. 53-55
37
38. Arctic Summer Sea Ice
David Spratt, Co-author of “Climate Code Red: the case for
emergency action” and Damien Lawson:
The Arctic sea-ice is the first domino and it is falling fast.
Paul Mahony 2012
Spratt, D and Lawson, D, “Bubbling our way to the Apocalypse”, Rolling Stone, November 2008, pp. 53-55
38
39. Arctic Summer Sea Ice
David Spratt, Co-author of “Climate Code Red: the case for
emergency action” and Damien Lawson:
Those dominoes include the Greenland ice sheet.
Paul Mahony 2012
Spratt, D and Lawson, D, “Bubbling our way to the Apocalypse”, Rolling Stone, November 2008, pp. 53-55
39
40. Arctic Summer Sea Ice
Dr James Hansen:
“It is difficult to imagine how the Greenland ice sheet could
survive if Arctic sea ice is lost entirely in the warm season.”
Paul Mahony 2012
Quotation: Hansen, J., “Storms of my granchildren”, p. 164
Chart included in Brook, B. “Depressing climate-related trends – but who gets it?”, 6 Nov 2011,
http://bravenewclimate.com/2011/11/06/depressing-climate-trends/ . Original contained in http://neven1.typepad.com/blog/2011/10/piomas-
september-2011-volume-record-lower-still.html and based on Pan-Arctic Ice Ocean Modeling and Assimilation System (PIOMAS, Zhang 40
and Rothrock, 2003) graphs from the Polar Science Center of the Applied Physics Laboratory at the University of Washington,
http://psc.apl.washington.edu/wordpress/research/projects/arctic-sea-ice-volume-anomaly
41. Greenland Ice Sheet
Paul Mahony 2012
NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies and NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology,
“GRACE Mission measures global ice mass changes”, 7 Feb, 2012
http://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/videogallery/index.html?media_id=131826971 41
42. Greenland Ice Sheet
Paul Mahony 2012
Scale comparison of Greenland (the largest island) and Australia (the smallest continent) by Joanna Serah, 26 Oct 42
2011, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Australia-Greenland_Overlay.png
44. Greenland Ice Sheet
Paul Mahony 2012
M. Todesco, Cryospheric Processes Laboratory, City College New York City, http://cryocity.org/ 44
45. Greenland Ice Sheet
Graphic video of Greenland torrents cascading down a moulin or crater
to the base:
"Greenland Rapids" recorded in 2009 by researchers from the
Cryospheric Processes Laboratory, City College, New York City
As of 2009, the Greenland ice sheet was losing over 250 cubic
kilometres of ice per year in a dynamic wet melting process, after
neither gaining nor losing mass at a substantial rate as recently as the
1990’s.
This dynamic melting process is not taken into account in the IPCC’s
projections of sea level rise. (Refer to subsequent slides.)
Paul Mahony 2012
Video: M. Todesco, Cryospheric Processes Laboratory, City College New York City, http://cryocity.org/
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lGxLs8YV9MM&feature=related
Comments on loss of ice mass: Hansen, J., “Storms of my grandchildren”, Bloomsbury, pp. 255-256 and p. 287. (An
alternative ice loss figure to the quoted figure of 250 cubic km from p. 287 had been shown on p. 255 but the correct
figure has been confirmed as 250 cubic km in emails of 15th and 16th June, 2011.) 45
46. Greenland Ice Sheet
A second video of Greenland torrents cascading down a moulin or
crater to the base. This is from The Telegraph, UK:
Scientists capture dramatic footage of Arctic glaciers melting in hours
Paul Mahony 2012
Source: “Scientists capture dramatic footage of Arctic glaciers melting in hours”, The Telegraph, 20th Feb, 2009
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/environment/climatechange/4734859/Scientists-capture-dramatic-footage-of-Arctic-
glaciers-melting-in-hours.html
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3F9FbdqGRsg&feature=related 46
47. Greenland Ice Sheet
Paul Mahony 2012
M. Todesco, Cryospheric Processes Laboratory, City College New York City, http://cryocity.org/ 47
48. Greenland Ice Sheet
Paul Mahony 2012
M. Todesco, Cryospheric Processes Laboratory, City College New York City, http://cryocity.org/ 48
49. Greenland Ice Sheet
Mass change 2003-2010 (Blue indicates loss of ice mass.)
Paul Mahony 2012
NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies and NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology,
“GRACE Mission measures global ice mass changes”, 7 Feb, 2012
http://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/videogallery/index.html?media_id=131826971 49
51. Greenland Ice Sheet
ng
ind icati
fb lue, ummer
ad es o t this s
ed in sh ess ligh
olor s 20% l cade.
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de
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1
[201
Paul Mahony 2012
NOAA Climate Services, http://www.climatewatch.noaa.gov/article/2011/greenland-ice-sheet-getting-darker-2 51
53. Greenland Ice Sheet
in the
a nges
e to ch s its
as is du pack a
ting are e snow
on -mel als in th
nth e n e cr yst
en ing i f the ic
dark size o
The an d s.
sh ape ture rise
ra
te mpe
Paul Mahony 2012
NOAA Climate Services, http://www.climatewatch.noaa.gov/article/2011/greenland-ice-sheet-getting-darker-2 53
55. Greenland Ice Sheet
Paul Mahony 2012
Laura Margueritte,UNEP GRID-Arendal, “Mass balance of the Greenland Ice Sheet”,
55
http://www.grida.no/graphicslib/detail/mass-balance-of-the-greenland-ice-sheet_a555
57. Average sea level
Causes:
- 40% from thermal expansion of oceans due to warming
- 35% from melting of continental glaciers and ice caps
- 25% from melting of Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets
Paul Mahony 2012
Image: CSIRO, “The Science of Climate Change: Questions and Answers”, August, 2010, Fig. 3.4, p. 9
http://www.science.org.au/reports/climatechange2010.pdf
Causes: Steffen, W, “The Critical Decade: Climate Science, risks and responses”, Climate Commission, 57
Fig. 8, p. 12 http://climatecommission.gov.au/topics/the-critical-decade/
58. Global sea level rise
Projections to 2100:
IPCC: 0.19 m – 0.59 m (but higher values cannot be excluded)
Vermeer and Rahmstorf: nearly 2 m
Hansen: Potentially several metres (see next slide)
Impacts:
Experienced through “high sea-level events” .
A combination of sea-level rise, high tide and storm surge.
Modest rises in sea-level, e.g. 50 cm, can lead to lead to very high multiplying
factors – sometimes 100 times or more – in the frequency of occurrences of high
sea-level events
Paul Mahony 2012
Steffen, W, “The Critical Decade: Climate Science, risks and responses”, Climate Commission, Fig. 8, p. 12
http://climatecommission.gov.au/topics/the-critical-decade/
Hansen, J., “Storms of my granchildren”, pp. 255-256 and p. 287. (An alternative ice loss figure to the quoted figure of 250 cubic km from 58
p. 287 had been shown on p. 255 but the correct figure has been confirmed as 250 cubic km in emails of 15/6/11 and 16/6/11.)
59. Global sea level rise
What about IPCC’s projection of 0.19 metres – 0.59 metres?
Only allows for certain short feedback mechanisms, e.g. changes in:
• water vapour
• clouds
• sea ice
Does not allow for slow feedbacks, e.g.:
• ice sheet dynamics;
• changes in vegetation cover;
• permafrost melting; and
• carbon-cycle feedbacks.
Paul Mahony 2012
Spratt, D and Sutton, P, “Climate Code Red: The case for emergency action”, Scribe, 2008, p. 47
59
60. Global sea level rise
What about IPCC’s projection of 0.19 metres – 0.59 metres?
James Hansen:
• Current sea level increase around 3 centimetres per decade.
• If ice sheet disintegration continues to double every decade, we will be faced
with sea level rise of several meters this century.
• IPCC treats sea level change basically as a linear process. It is more realistic
that ice sheet disintegration will be non-linear, which is typical of a system that
can collapse.
Paul Mahony 2012
Hansen, J., “Storms of my granchildren”, pp. 255-256 and p. 287. (An alternative ice loss figure to the quoted figure of 250 cubic km from 60
p. 287 had been shown on p. 255 but the correct figure has been confirmed as 250 cubic km in emails of 15/6/11 and 16/6/11.)
61. Global sea level rise
Tim Flannery, Australian Climate Change Commissioner and former Australian
of the Year:
IPCC is “painfully conservative”
because it
“works by consensus and includes government representatives from the United
States, China and Saudi Arabia, all of whom must assent to every word of every
finding”.
Paul Mahony 2012
Spratt, D,“Global Warming – No more business as usual: This is an emergency!”, Environmental Activists’ Conference 2008: Climate
Emergency – No More Business as Usual, 10 October, 2008, reproduced in Links International Journal of Socialist Renewal, 61
http://links.org.au/node/683 (Accessed 4 February 2012)
63. Paul Mahony 2012
Permafrost
Connor, S, “Vast methane 'plumes' seen in Arctic ocean as sea ice retreats”, The Independent, 13 December,
2011, http://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/vast-methane-plumes-seen-in-arctic-ocean-as-sea-ice-retreats-
63
6276278.html (Accessed 4 February 2012)
64. Paul Mahony 2012
Permafrost
Connor, S, “Vast methane 'plumes' seen in Arctic ocean as sea ice retreats”, The Independent, 13 December,
2011, http://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/vast-methane-plumes-seen-in-arctic-ocean-as-sea-ice-retreats-
64
6276278.html (Accessed 4 February 2012)
65. Permafrost
• Dramatic and unprecedented plumes of methane . . .
have been seen bubbling to the surface of the Arctic
Ocean by scientists undertaking an extensive survey of
the region.
• The scale and volume of the methane release has
astonished the head of the Russian research team
who has been surveying the seabed of the east
Siberian Arctic Shelf off northern Russia for nearly 20
years.
• Igor Semiletov of the International Arctic Research
Centre at the University of Alaska Fairbanks . . . said
that he has never before witnessed the scale and force
has never before witnessed the scale and force
of the methane being released from beneath the Arctic
seabed.
Paul Mahony 2012
Connor, S, “Vast methane 'plumes' seen in Arctic ocean as sea ice retreats”, The Independent, 13 December,
2011, http://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/vast-methane-plumes-seen-in-arctic-ocean-as-sea-ice-retreats-
65
6276278.html (Accessed 4 February 2012)
66. Permafrost
Dramatic and unprecedented
astonished
has never before witnessed the scale and force
of the methane being released from beneath the Arctic
seabed.
Paul Mahony 2012
Connor, S, “Vast methane 'plumes' seen in Arctic ocean as sea ice retreats”, The Independent, 13 December,
2011, http://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/vast-methane-plumes-seen-in-arctic-ocean-as-sea-ice-retreats-
66
6276278.html (Accessed 4 February 2012)
67. Permafrost
A dramatic example of methane coming to the surface from
melting permafrost:
Hunting for methane with Katey Walter Anthony, University of Alaska, Fairbanks
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YegdEOSQotE&NR=1&feature=endscreen
Paul Mahony 2012
67
68. Paul Mahony 2012 Methane Clathrates/Hydrates
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) GRID-Arendal collaborating centre 68
http://maps.grida.no/go/graphic/world-ocean-thermohaline-circulation
69. What are insurers saying?
Climate change has nothing to do with the recent string of natural
disasters that have cost insurance companies more than $3.6 billion.
"The catastrophe events that have taken place this year, the floods in
Queensland, the fires, have nothing to do with climate change. They are
part of Australia's really long history of floods, fires, droughts.”
QBE Chair, Belinda Hutchinson, 19 April, 2011
Paul Mahony 2012
“QBE blames La Nina for disasters”, Gareth Hutchens, Sydney Morning Herald, 20/04/11, http://www.smh.com.au/business/qbe-blames-
69
la-nina-for-disasters-20110419-1dng1.html
70. On the other hand:
“It’s not the right question to ask if this storm or that storm is due to
global warming, or is it natural variability.
Nowadays, there’s always an element of both.... there is a
systematic influence on all of these weather events nowadays
because of the fact that there is [more] water vapor lurking
around in the atmosphere than there used to be say 30 years
ago.”
Dr Kevin Trenberth, US National Center Atmospheric Research
Paul Mahony 2012
Dr Kevin Trenberth, US Nat. Center Atmospheric Research, cited in Spratt, D, “Bridging the gap between science
and politics”, Climate Action Summit, 9 April, 2011
70
71. What are scientists saying?
Western European heatwave of 2003, caused 35,000 premature deaths and
€13.1 billion in losses.
This was a large, extreme weather event that could have happened without
human-caused climate change.
Human-caused climate change made the heatwave
about six times more likely than it would otherwise
have been.
Dr Myles Allen and colleagues, Oxford University
Paul Mahony 2012
Dr Myles Allen and colleagues, Oxford University, cited in “Cuts in emissions are at a premium” by Liam Phelan
lecturer in environmental studies at the University of Newcastle.
71
72. Relative likelihood of Western European heatwave of
2003 (35,000 premature deaths and €13.1 billion in
losses)
Likelihood without human-caused Likelihood with human-caused climate
climate change change
Paul Mahony 2012
Dr Myles Allen and colleagues, Oxford University, cited in “Cuts in emissions are at a premium” by Liam Phelan
lecturer in environmental studies at the University of Newcastle, http://www.smh.com.au/opinion/society-and-
culture/cuts-in-emissions-are-at-a-premium-20110124-1a2ul.html
72
73. Victorian floods (Australia), 12-14 Jan 2011
“Yarra bursts banks as floods hit Melbourne”, The Age, 14 Jan 2011
The total precipitable water in the atmosphere in Melbourne on 13 Jan
was 65.0 mm, well in excess of the previous record of 54.5 mm
20% above previous record
Paul Mahony 2012
Karoly, Prof. David, School of Earth Sciences, University of Melbourne, “The recent extreme weather in eastern Australia: A sign of 73
climate change or the response to La Niña?”, 23rd April, 2011 at Firbank Grammar, Brighton
74. What is Munich Re saying?
te
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.
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Paul Mahony 2012
Nikolaus von Bomhard, CEO of Munich Re, 21 Dec, 2009,
http://www.munichre.com/en/group/focus/climate_change/strategy_and_policy/after_copenhagen/default.aspx
74
75. Paul Mahony 2012 What is Munich Re saying?
75
Source: IPCC 2007: WG1-AR4, cited in Munich Re, “Climate Change and Impacts”
76. Paul Mahony 2012
76
http://www.munichre.com/app_pages/www/@res/pdf/media_relations/press_dossiers/durban_2011/press_folder_durban_2011_en.pdf?2
77. Paul Mahony 2012
77
http://www.munichre.com/app_pages/www/@res/pdf/media_relations/press_dossiers/durban_2011/press_folder_durban_2011_en.pdf?2
78. Paul Mahony 2012
78
http://www.munichre.com/app_pages/www/@res/pdf/media_relations/press_dossiers/durban_2011/press_folder_durban_2011_en.pdf?2
79. What about others?
“Not only is it real, it's here, and its effects are giving rise to a frighteningly
new global phenomenon: the man-made natural disaster.”
Paul Mahony 2012
79
81. . . . and others?
“This generation has altered the composition of the atmosphere on a global
scale through a steady increase in carbon dioxide from the burning of
fossil fuels.”
Paul Mahony 2012
81
82. . . . and others?
“This generation has altered the composition of the atmosphere on a global
scale through a steady increase in carbon dioxide from the burning of
fossil fuels.”
President Lyndon Johnson, 1965
Paul Mahony 2012
President Lyndon Johnson, 1965 message to Congress, cited in The Science Show, ABC Radio National, 8
January, 2011, “Naomi Areskes – Merchants of Doubt” 82
83. Additional Points
Ice-melt water cools ocean basins. Continents continue to heat due to increasing
greenhouse gases and feedbacks. The resultant ocean-land temperature polarity
generates storms.
A 10% increase in wind speed = 33% increase in destructive capacity.
50 cm rise in sea-level = very high multiplying factors in the frequency of high
sea-level events – sometimes 100 times or more
4 degree temperature increase = a planet that cannot support more than 1 billion
people (currently 7 billion)
Stabilization [of CO2 concentrations] much below 650 ppmv CO2-e is
improbable.
That equates to + 2–3 degrees C; 13 - 37 metres sea level rise; permanent El-Nino
Paul Mahony 2012
Glikson, A, “As emissions rise, we may be heading for an ice-free planet”, The Conversation, 18 Jan 2012
Hansen, J, “Storms of my grandchildren”
Schelnhuber, H.J., cited in Spratt, D 83
Tyndall Centre, cited in Glikson, A “Dangerous Climate Change”
84. Denialism
Support for IPCC's position on human-caused climate change among
climate researchers most actively publishing in the field
Based on a
dataset of
1,372 97% - 98% The relative climate
climate expertise and scientific
researchers
and their prominence of these
publication researchers were
and citation significantly below the
data. Data
set compiled
others
from lists
that included
Ian Plimer,
Bob Carter
and Fred 2% - 3%
Singer.
Support Do not support
William R. L. Anderegg, James W. Prall, Jacob Harold, and Stephen H. Schneider, “Expert Credibility in Climate Change”,
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 21 June, 2010, www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1003187107 and
http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2010/06/04/1003187107.full.pdf+html 84
85. Denialism
Support for IPCC's position on human-caused climate change among
climate researchers most actively publishing in the field
versus
Relevant media coverage
Based on a
dataset of
1,372
climate Assumed figures
97% - 98% The relative climate based on “balanced
researchers
and their expertise and scientific reporting” argument
publication prominence of these
and citation researchers were
data. Data significantly below 50% 50%
set compiled the others
from lists
that included
Ian Plimer,
Bob Carter 2% - 3%
and Fred
Singer. Support Do not support Media coverage of Media coverage of
those who support those who do not
support
William R. L. Anderegg, James W. Prall, Jacob Harold, and Stephen H. Schneider, “Expert Credibility in Climate Change”,
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 21 June, 2010, www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1003187107 and 85
http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2010/06/04/1003187107.full.pdf+html
86. Denialism
Percentage of Americans who consider climate
change to be their country's most urgent problem
99%
1%
Yes No
Paul Mahony 2012
Robert Manne, “How can climate change denialism be explained?” ABC The Drum, 9 Dec 2011,
http://www.abc.net.au/unleashed/3722126.html, originally published in The Monthly, 8 Dec 2011,
http://www.themonthly.com.au/blog-how-can-climate-change-denialism-be-explained-robert-manne-4386 86
87. Denialism
S. Fred Singer: prominent denier and Heartland Institute “expert”
In challenging EPA (USA) re second-hand tobacco (1993):
“If we do not carefully delineate the government’s role in regulating
dangers, there is essentially no limit to how much government can
ultimately control our lives.”
In challenging the science of the ozone hole involving
regulation of CFC emissions (1989):
“And then there are those with hidden agendas of their own, not just
to save the environment, but to change our economic system. Some
of these coercive utopians are socialists, some are technology-hating
luddites, and most have a great desire to regulate on as large a scale
as possible.”
Paul Mahony 2012
Prof. Naomi Oreskes, co-author of “Merchants of Doubt” on The Science Show, ABC Radio National, 8 January, 2011
http://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/scienceshow/naomi-oreskes---merchants-of-doubt/3012690
Fred Singer’s Heartland Institute connection: 87
http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Heartland_Institute/Global_warming_experts
88. Denialism
S. Fred Singer: prominent denier and Heartland Institute “expert”
In challenging EPA (USA) re second-hand tobacco (1993):
?
C FC’s
“If we do not carefully delineate the government’s role in regulating
dangers, there is essentially no limit to howposition on
much government can
r’s
ultimately control our lives.”
Singe
d Fred
d opte
In challengingd a science of the ozone hole involving
ha the
we
at if
regulation of CFC emissions (1989):
Wh
“And then there are those with hidden agendas of their own, not just
to save the environment, but to change our economic system. Some
of these coercive utopians are socialists, some are technology-hating
luddites, and most have a great desire to regulate on as large a scale
as possible.”
Paul Mahony 2012
Prof. Naomi Oreskes, co-author of “Merchants of Doubt” on The Science Show, ABC Radio National, 8 January, 2011
http://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/scienceshow/naomi-oreskes---merchants-of-doubt/3012690
Fred Singer’s Heartland Institute connection: 88
http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Heartland_Institute/Global_warming_experts
89. Denialism
What if we had adopted Fred Singer’s position on CFC’s?
Annual CO2-equivalent emissions prevented by 2012 (billion tonnes)
12.5 max
9.7 min
CFCs would have almost
destroyed the ozone layer by
now, and would be having the
most impact of all greenhouse
gases on global temperatures.
2.0
1987 Montreal Protocol on CFCs Kyoto Protocol assuming all countries
Paul Mahony 2012
meet their commitments
Anon, “The global warming potential of deodorants”, Australasian Science, Nov-Dec 2007, p. 39,
http://www.control.com.au/bi2007/2810Brook.pdf 89
91. Media
What about other news?
An example
Nature Geoscience reports that West Antarctica’s Pine
Island Glacier is now melting 50 percent faster than in 1994
Coverage in Australia’s newspapers:
Nil
Paul Mahony 2012
Jo Chandler, “When science is undone by fiction”, The Age, 29 June 2011
Image: NASA “GRACE Mission Measures Global Ice Mass Changes”, 91
http://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/videogallery/index.html?media_id=131826971
92. Denialism
Prof. Ian Plimer: author “Heaven and Earth”
Comments on the book from Prof. Ian Enting, University of Melbourne
• numerous
internal inconsistencies
• key data are unattributed
• the content of references is often
misquoted
• misrepresents the content of
IPCC reports
• misrepresents the operation of the IPCC and the authorship of IPCC
reports
• misrepresents data records
Paul Mahony 2012
• Misrepresents data from cited sources
Prof. Ian Enting, “Rogues or respectable? How climate change sceptics spread doubt and denial”, The Conversation, 23 92
June 2011,
93. Denialism
Prof. Ian Plimer: author “Heaven and Earth”
Comments on the book from Prof. Kurt Lambeck, President of the
Australian Academy of Sciences
• “Heaven and Earth” is not a work of
science. It is an opinion piece of an
author who happens to be a scientist.
• . . . the concept that hundreds of researchers are conspiring to defraud
the world’s policy-makers requires a level of conspiracy theory that not
even Dan Brown has reached.
Paul Mahony 2012
Prof. Kurt Lambeck, “Comments on Heaven and Earth: Global Warming: The missing science”, 7 June 2009 The 93
Science Show, ABC Radio National
94. Denialism
Prof. Ian Plimer: author “Heaven and Earth”
Comments on the book from Michael Ashley, Professor of
Astrophysics, University of New South Wales
• If Plimer is right, then it would rank as one
of the greatest discoveries of the century
and would almost certainly earn him a Nobel
Prize.
This is the scale of Plimer’s claim.
• The arguments that Plimer advances in the 503 pages and 2,311 footnotes . . . are
nonsense. The book is largely a collection of contrarian ideas and conspiracy
theories that are rife in the blogosphere. The writing is rambling and repetitive;
the arguments flawed and illogical.
Paul Mahony 2012
Prof. Michael Ashley, “No Science in Plimer’s primer”, 9 May 2009, The Australian 94