Solid waste refers to unwanted materials that are discarded and arise from human and animal activity. Solid waste is generated from residential, commercial, and industrial areas and must be managed in various ways. In Olongapo City in the Philippines, an average of 250-300 tons of garbage are collected every day. Solid waste management aims to reduce health and environmental impacts of waste in an efficient and cost-effective manner through activities like waste collection, transport, processing, and disposal. Poor solid waste management can lead to environmental pollution, health issues, and financial burdens for communities.

1. refers to the range of garbage materials—arising
from animal and human activities—that are
discarded as unwanted and useless. Solid waste is
generated from industrial, residential, and
commercial activities in a given area, and may be
handled in a variety of ways.
SOLID WASTE

2. In Olongapo City, an average of 250-300 tons of garbage are
collected everyday.

5. • defined as the discipline associated with control of generation,
storage, collection, transport or transfer, processing and
disposal of solid waste materials in a way that best addresses
the range of public health, conservation, economic, aesthetic,
engineering, and other environmental considerations.
• The primary goal of solid waste management is reducing and
eliminating adverse impacts of waste materials on human
health and the environment to support economic development
and superior quality of life. This is to be done in the most
efficient manner possible, to keep costs low and prevent waste
buildup.
SOLID WASTES
MANAGEMENT

6. • Waste generation: This encompasses any activities involved in
identifying materials that are no longer usable and are either
gathered for systematic disposal or thrown away.
• Onsite handling, storage, and processing: This relates to
activities at the point of waste generation, which facilitate
easier collection. For example, waste bins are placed at sites
that generate sufficient waste.
• Waste collection: A crucial phase of waste management, this
includes activities such as placing waste collection bins,
collecting waste from those bins, and accumulating trash in the
location where the collection vehicles are emptied. Although
the collection phase involves transportation, this is typically not
the main stage of waste transportation.
• Waste transfer and transport: These are the activities involved
in moving waste from the local waste collection locations to the
regional waste disposal site in large waste transport vehicles.
• Waste processing and recovery: This refers to the facilities,
equipment, and techniques employed to recover reusable or
recyclable materials from the waste stream and to improve the
effectiveness of other functional elements of waste
management.
• Disposal: The final stage of waste management. It involves the
activities aimed at the systematic disposal of waste materials in
locations such as landfills or waste-to-energy facilities.
Functional
Elements of the
Waste
Management
System

8. EFFECTS OF POOR
WASTE MANAGEMENT
• Improper solid waste management has known to have a plethora of environmental
impacts but apart from that it also has health and financial impacts as well.
Untidy surroundings- Due to improper or delayed waste collection, poor or no
segregation, improper treatment and disposal by municipal solid waste
management teams, the waste piles end up emitting foul odor, attracts insects and
stray animals which becomes nuisance for the society at large.
• Health risk- Improper solid waste management can affect the health of waste
disposal workers, rag pickers, people living & working in nearby vicinity. The
exposure to pathogens, toxic gases, or harmful chemicals can lead to various
infections, skin irritation, and respiratory issues.
• Disease carrying vectors- Inappropriate dumping of organic material leads to
rotting under unhygienic conditions. Such a place attracts pests and becomes their
breeding ground. Such pests become vectors for disease carrying germs present in
the waste that can lead to an epidemic outbreak.
• Soil and groundwater pollution- When the organic waste degrades it releases
moisture laden with organic and inorganic load known as leachate. It is highly
nutrient rich and hard to degrade. This leachate can mix with various toxic
compounds waste oils and chemicals. The leachate from landfills continually
percolates into the ground and can contaminate soil as well as ground water,
rendering it polluted. This is one of the glaring examples of how improper solid
waste management can irreversibly affect our natural resources.
• Toxic gases- Gases like hydrogen sulphide from anaerobic decomposition,
accidental burning of refrigerant gases, hazardous wastes like pesticides, heavy
metals, cleaning solvents, radioactive materials, e-waste and plastics mixed up with
paper can produce dioxins, furans, polychlorinated biphenyls, and other gases.
These gases are hazardous, corrosive and a bane to all living organisms.
• Impact on Animals and aquatic life- Consumption of plastic or any toxic garbage
can lead to death amongst stray animals and birds. Chemicals released through
leachate can travel to nearby waterways can be toxic to aquatic life.

9. Factors Contributing to Solid Wastes Problem
Spiralling population
growth rate
Rapid
Urbanization
Public indifference
Changing
lifestyle and
consumption
patterns

10. The Philippines will
generate more and
more waste, as our
population grows and
our economy expands
further.
37,427.46
TONS A
DAY
2012
40,087.45
TONS A
DAY
2016
77,765
TONS A DAY
2025
Sources: National Solid Waste Management Commission and World Bank

11. Republic Act No.
9003: Ecological Solid
Waste Management
Act of 2000
- A landmark environmental legislation in the Philippines.
- Passed by the Philippine Congress on December 20, 2000 an
was subsequently approved by the Office of the President in
January 26, 2001. It contains 7 chapters, sub divided into 66
sections setting out policy direction for an effective solid
waste management program in the country.
- Declares the policy of the state in adopting a systematic,
comprehensive and ecological solid waste management
program that ensures the protection of public health and the
environment.
- Proper segregation, collection, transport, storage, treatment
and disposal of solid waste through the formulation and
adaptation of the best environmental practices.
- It illustrates the potentials and benefits of recycling not only
in addressing waste management problems but also in
alleviating poverty.

12. SWM
HIERARCY

13. • ESWM, basically, has an institutional mechanism among the
national government, local government and the private
sectors and individuals. The National Solid Waste
Management Commission oversees the implementation of
the SWM Plans and prescribe policies to achieve the
objectives of this Act. Meanwhile, the DENR and other NGAs
shall provide technical and other capability building
assistance and support to the LGUs in the development and
implementation of local SWMP and programs.
• The LGU, on the other hand, shall be primary responsible for
the implementation and enforcement of the provisions of
this Act within their respective jurisdictions. This is also in
pursuant to the relevant provisions of RA 7160, otherwise
known as the Local Government Code.
• And, lastly, the sources of solid wastes, the private sector
and the households, have their own responsibility in
complying to the provisions of this Act such as segregation
of wastes to be collected by the LGUs and other things that
shall be discussed later.

17. Climate change is a long-term change in the
average weather patterns that have come
to define Earth's local, regional
and global climates. These changes have a broad
range of observed effects.
Rising levels of greenhouse gases in the Earth's
atmosphere are causing changes in our climate,
and some of these changes can be traced to solid
waste. The manufacture, distribution, and use of
products-as well as management of the resulting
waste-all result in greenhouse gas emissions.
Waste prevention and recycling are real ways to
help mitigate climate change.

18. The Link Between Waste Management and Greenhouse Gases