1. A client is an independent business unit within an SAP system that contains client-dependent and client-independent data.
2. Client-dependent data such as customizing, application, and user data can only be viewed from the client it belongs to, while client-independent data like programs and repository objects are available throughout the system.
3. To copy data to a new client, it must first be defined and then filled with data through a local or remote copy from an existing client.
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This project is a web application that allows you to manage your sales and inventory with inventory management system compliance on website. This system will be maintained only by the admin.
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This project is a web application that allows you to manage your sales and inventory with inventory management system compliance on website. This system will be maintained only by the admin.
Anyone can want this presentation and any others presentation like that please contact me on my email- skhabib14@gmail.com. I will help you.
This project is used mainly for medical stores to maintain the details of medical store such as stock and account.
Developed the Inventory Management System for ERP Implementing in Manufacturi...Sushil kumar Choudhary
This paper deals with development of inventory management system for a manufacturing Industry. The developed software System is easy to use, less time consuming & all detail about the inventory items & transaction status. Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) software presents a frame work for organizations to better utilize their processes. The report is about windows based application. The Front-end is developed using Visual Basic. A visual programming environment provides all features that are required to develop graphical user interface as ready to use components. The programmer does not have to write code to create and display commonly required user-friendly features each time around. The Backend used is SQL server database that ensures total security and no data loss or corruption. The database management systems are warehouses of information, where large amount of data can be stored. The Reports are developed using Crystal Report. Crystal Reports is the standard reporting tool for Visual Studio .NET. It brings the ability to create interactive, presentation-quality content; to the .NET platform. Crystal report is an integral part of the Visual Studio .NET environment. The main idea of this paper is to handle the all details of inventory management system. In this software package has been developed to smoothen the processing of item transaction in inventory such as item receive, item issue & report generation such as stock statement, issue register & receive register etc. This Software will help in automating all the process like receiving and issuing application in inventory.
Supply chain management (SCM) is the process of controlling the operations of the supply chain as a vertical organization. This permits highly efficient resource management and planning. Supply Chain Management spans all movement and storage of raw materials, work-in-process inventory, and finished goods from point-of-origin to point-of-consumption. While this model has worked with difficulty in full production scale, in our scaled down environment it will be easy to implement and a big asset for the customer.
Anyone can want this presentation and any others presentation like that please contact me on my email- skhabib14@gmail.com. I will help you.
This project is used mainly for medical stores to maintain the details of medical store such as stock and account.
Developed the Inventory Management System for ERP Implementing in Manufacturi...Sushil kumar Choudhary
This paper deals with development of inventory management system for a manufacturing Industry. The developed software System is easy to use, less time consuming & all detail about the inventory items & transaction status. Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) software presents a frame work for organizations to better utilize their processes. The report is about windows based application. The Front-end is developed using Visual Basic. A visual programming environment provides all features that are required to develop graphical user interface as ready to use components. The programmer does not have to write code to create and display commonly required user-friendly features each time around. The Backend used is SQL server database that ensures total security and no data loss or corruption. The database management systems are warehouses of information, where large amount of data can be stored. The Reports are developed using Crystal Report. Crystal Reports is the standard reporting tool for Visual Studio .NET. It brings the ability to create interactive, presentation-quality content; to the .NET platform. Crystal report is an integral part of the Visual Studio .NET environment. The main idea of this paper is to handle the all details of inventory management system. In this software package has been developed to smoothen the processing of item transaction in inventory such as item receive, item issue & report generation such as stock statement, issue register & receive register etc. This Software will help in automating all the process like receiving and issuing application in inventory.
Supply chain management (SCM) is the process of controlling the operations of the supply chain as a vertical organization. This permits highly efficient resource management and planning. Supply Chain Management spans all movement and storage of raw materials, work-in-process inventory, and finished goods from point-of-origin to point-of-consumption. While this model has worked with difficulty in full production scale, in our scaled down environment it will be easy to implement and a big asset for the customer.
Każdy developer zna Gita lub przynajmniej słyszał o nim. Oferuje on wiele możliwości, które pozwalają na tworzenie pełnej historii kodu w projekcie. Aby jednak historia była przyjazna i przejrzysta, dobrze jest stosować kilka zasad podczas korzystania z Gita. W czasie prezentacji przedstawię te zasady i omówię kilka sposobów na efektywne wykorzystanie tego systemu kontroli wersji do trzymania historii "w ryzach".
mesa portátil para alumno con discapacidad motora la misma puede ser usada por alumnos sin discapacidad.
posee paneles deslizables y declinables para la comodidad del usuario
This solution is designed to help you to manage and track the critical information created at the time of weighing and label products in an easy and flexible manner.
As usual, you will not find any reference numbers in that document. However, if you need this kind of information, just follow the embedded links. In addition to that, I inserted a new section called “Useful Knowledge Base Articles”.
Please keep in mind, that this compilation is not intended to be complete, but rather a snippet of features which customers often request or are in general big changes.
Code formats mandate how codes are sectioned, entered and appear. You will be deciding how many sections are in each code, how many characters in each section, the separators used and the justification for each section.
“To be integrated is to feel secure, to feel connected.” The views and experi...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: Although a significant amount of literature exists on Morocco's migration policies and their
successes and failures since their implementation in 2014, there is limited research on the integration of subSaharan African children into schools. This paperis part of a Ph.D. research project that aims to fill this gap. It
reports the main findings of a study conducted with migrant children enrolled in two public schools in Rabat,
Morocco, exploring how integration is defined by the children themselves and identifying the obstacles that they
have encountered thus far. The following paper uses an inductive approach and primarily focuses on the
relationships of children with their teachers and peers as a key aspect of integration for students with a migration
background. The study has led to several crucial findings. It emphasizes the significance of speaking Colloquial
Moroccan Arabic (Darija) and being part of a community for effective integration. Moreover, it reveals that the
use of Modern Standard Arabic as the language of instruction in schools is a source of frustration for students,
indicating the need for language policy reform. The study underlines the importanceof considering the
children‟s agency when being integrated into mainstream public schools.
.
KEYWORDS: migration, education, integration, sub-Saharan African children, public school
Exploring Factors Affecting the Success of TVET-Industry Partnership: A Case ...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to explore factors affecting the success of TVET-industry
partnerships. A case study design of the qualitative research method was used to achieve this objective. For the
study, one polytechnic college of Oromia regional state, and two industries were purposively selected. From the
sample polytechnic college and industries, a total of 17 sample respondents were selected. Out of 17
respondents, 10 respondents were selected using the snowball sampling method, and the rest 7 respondents were
selected using the purposive sampling technique. The qualitative data were collected through an in-depth
interview and document analysis. The data were analyzed using thematic approaches. The findings revealed that
TVET-industry partnerships were found weak. Lack of key stakeholder‟s awareness shortage of improved
training equipment and machines in polytechnic colleges, absence of trainee health insurance policy, lack of
incentive mechanisms for private industries, lack of employer industries involvement in designing and
developing occupational standards, and preparation of curriculum were some of the impediments of TVETindustry partnership. Based on the findings it was recommended that the Oromia TVET bureau in collaboration
with other relevant concerned regional authorities and TVET colleges, set new strategies for creating strong
awareness for industries, companies, and other relevant stakeholders on the purpose and advantages of
implementing successful TVET-industry partnership. Finally, the Oromia regional government in collaboration
with the TVET bureau needs to create policy-supported incentive strategies such as giving occasional privileges
of duty-free import, tax reduction, and regional government recognition awards based on the level of partnership
contribution to TVET institutions in promoting TVET-industry partnership.
KEY WORDS: employability skills, industries, and partnership
The Challenges of Good Governance and Project Implementation in Nigeria: A Re...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT : This study reveals that systemic corruption and other factors including poor leadership,
leadership recruitment processes, ethnic and regional politics, tribalism and mediocrity, poor planning, and
variation of project design have been the causative factors that undermine projects implementation in postindependence African states, particularly in Nigeria. The study, thus, argued that successive governments of
African states, using Nigeria as a case study, have been deeply engrossed in this obnoxious practice that has
undermined infrastructure sector development as well as enthroned impoverishment and mass poverty in these
African countries. This study, therefore, is posed to examine the similarities in causative factors, effects and
consequences of corruption and how it affects governance, projects implementation and national growth. To
achieve this, the study adopted historical research design which is qualitative and explorative in nature. The
study among others suggests that the governments of developing countries should shun corruption and other
forms of obnoxious practices in order to operate effective and efficient systems that promote good governance
and ensure there is adequate projects implementation which are the attributes of a responsible government and
good leadership. Policy makers should also prioritize policy objectives and competence to ensure that policies
are fully implemented within stipulated time frame.
KEYWORDS: Developing Countries, Nigeria, Government, Project Implementation, Project Failure
How social media marketing helps businesses in 2024.pdfpramodkumar2310
Social media marketing refers to the process of utilizing social media platforms to promote products, services, or brands. It involves creating and sharing valuable content, engaging with followers, analyzing data, and running targeted advertising campaigns.
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Social media refers to online platforms and tools that enable users to create, share, and exchange information, ideas, and content in virtual communities and networks. These platforms have revolutionized the way people communicate, interact, and consume information. Here are some key aspects and descriptions of social media:
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Enhance your social media strategy with the best digital marketing agency in Kolkata. This PPT covers 7 essential tips for effective social media marketing, offering practical advice and actionable insights to help you boost engagement, reach your target audience, and grow your online presence.
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Non-Financial Information and Firm Risk Non-Financial Information and Firm RiskAJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: This research aims to examine how ESG disclosure and risk disclosure affect the total risk of
companies. Using cross section data from 355 companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange, data regarding
ESG disclosure and risk was collected. In this research, ESG and risk disclosures are measured based on content
analysis using GRI 4 guidelines for ESG disclosures and COSO ERM for risk disclosures. Using multiple
regression, it is concluded that only risk disclosure can reduce the company's total risk, while ESG disclosure
cannot affect the company's total risk. This shows that only risk disclosure is relevant in determining a
company's total risk.
KEYWORDS: ESG disclosure, risk disclosure, firm risk
Non-Financial Information and Firm Risk Non-Financial Information and Firm Risk
Clientadmin
1. CLIENT ADMINISTRATION
A Client is an independent business unit within an R/3 system
Data in the R/3 are classified as Client-Dependent and Client-independent.
Client-independent data such as ABAP programs, R/3 repository objects etc. are available
throughout the entire system.
Other data is client-dependent. Meaning, it can be viewed from one client.
The client-dependent data includes customizing, application and user data.
Enterprise IMG is client independent.
From a technical viewpoint, a three-figure number identifies a client. This number is used as a
key within tables that contain application data.
The field, which stores this number in the tables, is MANDT. This field is the first field in the
table’s primary key.
These tables are client dependent and the data of a client can be accessed only if we log on with
that client.
Apart from the client-dependent data / tables, we also have client-independent tables which are
valid and the data in these tables can be accessed from all the clients.
SAP comes with some pre-configure clients. They are Client 000, 001 and 066 in the non-IDES
system. In the IDES system we also have client 800 which contains the IDES data.
Each of these clients has a specific purpose. For example:
Client 000 is used for administration purposes and as a template for additional client. No changes
should be made in this client.
Client 001 is for test purposes regarding ECU
Client 066 is for SAP Remote Services.
Client 800 contains the IDES data (in case of IDES version).
Along with the standard clients SAP also comes with some standard users.
Users and their configuration such their password, mater record etc. is client dependent.
Client 000 and 001 come with standard users SAP* and DDIC with standard passwords
06071992 and 19920706 respectively.
Client 066 comes with user EARLYWATCH with the password SUPPORT
2. It is advisable to change the standard password of the above users for security reasons since these
users are the superusers.
Since you should not work in the standard clients (except for administrative purposes), you need
to create a copy of the clients.
The most time is required for physically copying the data because all the client-specific data in
the SAP system has to be copied. When application data is copied in production systems this can
entail a few 100MB and therefore take several hours. When only customizing data is copied, only
up to 150 MB is involved and consequently copying only requires a few hours, depending on the
hardware and system load.
Authorizations
Possible damage resulting from incorrect copying of the client to the target makes it necessary to
possess the following authorizations for the copying process:
Ø S_TABU_CLI allows table maintenance in all clients
Ø S_TABU_DIS allows maintenance of the contents of table CCCFLOW
For copying user master records and user profiles the appropriate authorizations for maintaining
user master records and profiles are required:
Ø S_USER_PRO for the user profile
Ø S_USER_GRP for the user master records
A client without application data needs approximately 150-200 MB space in the
database.
The client copy tool always first deletes the tables in the target system and then reads the new
data, block by block, from the source client before importing it into the target client.
When you define a new client an entry is made in the table T000. You edit this table by executing
the transaction code SM30
To create a new client you need to login as user SAP* in client 000 with password PASS
When you delete the client, you need to take care that the client entry in the table T000 is also
deleted.
During the copying process, a large amount of data is moved, requiring a corresponding amount
of storage and machine resources. This can cause a system crash. In order to reduce the system
load and to sustain online processing, a commit is executed after each table to reduce the size of
rollback segments in the database. When several very small tables are involved, the commit is not
executed until an appropriate threshold value is reached.
If very large tables (application tables) are copied, set the profile parameter rdisp/PG_SHM to a
multiple of 8 Kbytes.
3. For starters, you can create a copy of client 000. You can also copy clients within the same R/3
system or from other systems
A client is copied in two steps. The first step defines the client in the R/3 system and the second
step fills the client with the data. And only after that the client becomes functional.
When you define a client a role is assigned to it. This role expresses the purposes of the client.
The possible attributes are : Production, Testing, Customizing, Demonstration, Training /
Education and SAP Reference.
Among the basic attributes of a client are the change options of its data and objects
Using the change options attribute the correction and transport system can be stopped in the
clients (No Transport Allowed). This option deactivates the CTS in the client.
For clients in which customizing is performed all changes must be recorded in case they are
transported into other systems (Automatic Recording of Changes). Otherwise Customizing
Organizer will not be activated automatically when a setting is made (Changes Without
Automatic Recording). Such a configuration is suitable for demonstration or training clients.
4. Now let us see the process of creating a client.
The first step in creating a client is to define it and make it available in the R/3 system.
To create a client follow the path Tools à Business Engineer à Customizing à Basic Functions
à Set Up Clients
Or
Tools à Administration à Administration à Client Administration à Client Maintenance
Alternatively you can also use Transaction code SCC4.
What you will get is the overview of the clients available in the system.
Click on the change icon to change the display mode.
For example we have created a client 900 which is a copy of client 800.
5. Click on the New Entries button on the application toolbar to define the client
Figure 1.1
Figure 1.2
You will get the screen as above. (since the entire client definition screen could fit into one screen
shot, two screen shots are used).
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
6. The numbers in the screen mean as follows :
1. Enter a three-digit client number and a meaningful description for the client.
2. Location of the project
3. Description of the role of the client in the system. You can choose from Production, Testing,
Customizing, Demonstration, Training / Education and SAP Reference attributes
4. Specify the Change Options of data and objects. There are several change options for a client.
Using the No Transports Allowed attribute in this section, even the use of CTS can be stopped
in the clients. This attribute deactivates the correction and transport system.
For clients in which Customizing is performed all changes must be recorded in case they are
transported into other systems later, set the attribute to Automatic Recording Of Changes.
Otherwise the CO will not activated automatically when the setting is made.
Changes Without Automatic Recording is suitable for demonstration and training clients.
5. We can also limit the scope of the permitted changes. These levels define the application
area.
6. You can also set the protection attribute for a client. The aim of this attribute is to prevent the
client from being overwritten intentionally or unintentionally by copying additional client-
dependent data from another client. This attribute is very critical in a production system.
There three levels of protection : Protection level 0 – No limit, Protection level 1 – No
overwrite, Protection level 2 – No overwrite, no external availability
A client with protection level 1 and 2 cannot function as target clients.
7. You can further restrict the access to the client by checking the check boxes here.
Starting CATT Process allowed : CATT stands for Computer Aided Test Tool. When CATTs
are used, they generate test data that may be useful for demonstration purposes later.
Protect Against SAP upgrade : If a client is protected against an SAP upgrade, client-
dependent data in that client cannot be modified. You should use this option if standard
settings data delivered by SAP have been used in customer-specific Customizing without
separate copy being made.
After specifying the attribute click on the Save icon and then click the Back icon or F3 to come
out of the client definition screen. You should see the client amongst the list of the clients.
Once a client is defined an entry is made in the table T000 describing the attributes of the new
client.
7. When a client is defined, no data is available in the client. By default user SAP* with password
PASS is assigned to it. You need this user to log on to the client in order to copy data from other
clients into it.
Client Copy :
You do a client copy to fill data into the new client. A client can be filled with data in various
ways :
1. You can do a Local Copy where you copy the data into the new client from a client within
the same system
2. You can do a Remote Copy where you copy the data into the new client from a remote system
3. Data can also be filled into the new client from another system by way of transport request
(Client Transport)
To do a client copy into the new client, first login into the new client as SAP* with password
PASS.
Follow the path Tools à Administration à Administration à Client Admin. à Client Copy à
Local Copy / Remote Copy
Alternatively, you can also use the transaction code SCCL
1
2
3
4
8. 1. These are data profiles that R/3 provides for copying clients. These basically indicate
what kind of data from the source you want to copy into the new client. The scope of the
profile can be seen from the path Profile à Display Profile.
2. Specify the source client.
3. Specify source client user masters
4. Use the Test Run option to first test run the execution of the entire procedure. The results
of the test run include an estimate of the data volume to be moved. This helps in
resolving any problems, like for example, problems due to insufficient disk space before
the actual copy run
After specifying the above settings, click on the Execute button or the Execute in Background
button
Depending on the volume of data to copied and the system configuration, this process may take
several hours.
You can also view the copy procedure log. Goto Tools à Administration à Administration à
Client Admin .à Copy Logs
Alternatively you can also use transaction code SCC3
After the client copy is over, a log of the copy process is displayed.
A client can only be copied from one R/3 system to another R/3 system if both the R/3 systems are
of the same release.
9. Remote Client Copy :
To do a remote client copy, RFC connection must be established between the target system and
the source system. Goto Tools à Administration à Administration à Client Admin .à Client
Copy à Remote Copy
Alternatively you can also use transaction code SCC9
Before the actual copy, test the RFC connection using the RFC system check button on the
application toolbar. In addition to testing the connection, the R/3 system releases are also checked
Click the Execute button to start the process of copying.
10. CLIENT COPY TRASACTION CODES
Purpose Transaction Code Menu Path
Local client copy SCCL Administration à System administration à
Administration à Client admin. à Client copy à
Local copy
Remote client copy SCC9 Administration à System administration à
Administration à Client admin. à Client copy à
Remote copy
Copying a transport
request
SCC1 Administration à System administration à
Administration à Client admin. à Special functions
à Copy transport request
Client export SCC8 Administration à System administration à
Administration à Client admin. à Client transport
à Client export
Client import –
postprocessing
SCC7 Administration à System administration à
Administration à Client admin. à Client transport
à Client import – postprocessing
Deleting a client SCC5 Administration à System administration à
Administration à Client admin. à Special functions
à Delete client
Copying logs SCC3 Administration à System administration à
Administration à Client admin. à Copy logs
Client maintenance SCC4 Administration à System administration à
Administration à Client admin. à Client
maintenance
Copying Clients
within an SAP R/3
System
SCCL
Copying Clients
between 2 Systems
SCC9