Claytronics:programmable matter

1. GANDHI INSTITUTE FOR TECHNOLOGICAL
ADVANCEMENT,BHUBANESWAR
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PRESENTED BY:
NAME-AVINASH MISHRA
ROLL-131020
BRANCH-CSE

2. CONTENT
INTRODUCTION
CATOMS
HARDWARE
SOFTWARE
WORKING
CHALLANGES
FUTURE APPLICATION
CONCLUSION
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3. INTRODUCTION
Claytronics is an abstract future concept.
This idea is more broadly referred to as programmable
matter.
Combines nanoscale robotics and computer science.
Interact with each other to form tangible 3-D objects.
Have the ability to move around and communicate.
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4. HISTORY
The term Programmable matter was originally coined in 1991 by Toffoli
and Margolus.
In 2002, Seth Goldstein and Todd Mowry started the claytronics project
at Carnegie Mellon University.
In 2005, research efforts to develop a hardware concept were successful
on the scale of millimeters.
Presently collaborative research in Claytronics is directed by Carnegie
Mellon University and Intel.
Claytronic technology has become possible because of Moore's Law.
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5. CATOMS
Catoms are the building unit of this system.
Each component becomes part of a computerized network of objects
and identifies itself based on function.
Each Catom would contain a fairly powerful processor and the Catoms
surfaces would have photocells to sense and emit light.
 Catoms which are ringed by several electromagnets are able to move
around each other to form a variety of shapes.
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6. CATOMS Continues…
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A two-dimensional version of Catoms.
These 1st gen. Catoms are developed by
intel having 4.4cm diameter and 3.6 cm
height.
These Catoms consist of 24
electromagnets.
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7. HARDWARE
In order to be viable, Catoms need to fit the following criteria:
 Catoms need to be able to move in three dimensions relative to each other and
be able to adhere to each other to form a 3D figure.
 Catoms need to be able to communicate with each other.
Catoms must have a CPU to process the data flowing in through its sensors
using the algorithms and take decisions.
It must have an onboard power supply to power its CPU, magnetic coils and
sensors.
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8. HARDWARE (Contd)
Hardware can be implemented through
Planar Catoms
Electrostatic Latches
Stochastic Catom
Giant helium Catom
Cubes
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9. HARDWARE (Contd)
Planar Catoms
Planar Catoms test concept of motion, power distribution ,
data transfer, communication.
Electrostatic Latches
Models a new system of binding and releasing the
connection between modular robots.
Stochastic Catom
It integrate random motion with global objectives communicated in simple
computer language to form predetermined patterns.
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10. HARDWARE (Contd)
Giant helium Catom
The GHC was designed to approximate the relationship
between a weightless particle and the force of
electro-magnetic fields spread across the surface of
such particles.
Cubes
Employ electrostatic latches to demonstrate the functionality of a device that could
be used in a system at both the macro and Nano-scale.
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11. SOFTWARE
Organizing all of the communication and actions between millions of sub-
millimeter scale Catoms requires development of advanced algorithms and
programming languages.
The point of the programming is to translate commands into the motion of each
machine in its relationship to every other machine.
Languages to program a matrix require a more abbreviated syntax and style of
command than normal programming languages such as C++ and Java.
The Carnegie Mellon-Intel Claytronics Research Project has created two new
programming languages: Meld and Locally Distributed Predicates (LDP).
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12. SOFTWARE(Contd)
MELD
Meld is a declarative language, a logic programming language originally
designed for programming overlay networks.
The programmer needs to write a program for an ensemble rather than the
modules that make it up.
 These implementations are inherently fault-tolerant.
 Meld programs are considerably more concise than programs written in C++,
while running nearly as efficiently.
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13. SOFTWARE(Contd)
Locally Distributed Predicates
LDP is a reactive programming language.
 LDP approaches the distributed programming problem using pattern- matching
techniques.
It enables the programmer to address a larger set of variables with Boolean logic.
 As with Meld, LDP produces dramatically shorter code than traditional high-level
languages (C++, Java, etc.).
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14. DYNAMIC SIMULATION AND DEBUGGING
Dynamic debugging is already possible because of the languages used- MELD
and LDP are capable of this.
For dynamic simulation a new simulator “DYNAMIC PHYSICAL
RENDERING” or DPR simulator is developed by researchers.
 DPR simulator operates in LINUX environment and this is open source.
It not only simulate in a dynamic way but also provides means to activate all
catoms under real life conditions.
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15. ALGORITHM
Two important classes of claytronics
algorithms are shape sculpting and
localization algorithms.
All the research on catom motion
planning require shape sculpting algorithms.
Localization algorithms enable catoms to
localize their positions in an ensemble.
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16. WORKING
The catom consists of a tube and a High voltage
CMOS attached inside the tube.
The catom moves on a power grid which carry high
voltage AC signals.
Contains LCD’s and LED’s so that it could change
it’s colour.
Organizing all of the communication by advanced
algorithms and programming languages.
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17. CHALLENGES FACED BY CLAYTRONICS
In the current design, the Catoms are only able to move in two dimensions
relative to each other.
At present, only four individual Catoms are made to communicate with each
other.
In case of software view we need enormous computing power.
To create such an easy algorithm that can work in real time without any error.
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18. FUTURE APPLICATION
Defense
Surgery
Disaster Relief
3D Physical Modeling
Communication
Entertainment
Household
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19. CONCLUSION
Claytronics is very advanced technology.
It can change the way we interact with matter.
Claytronics has the potential to greatly affect many areas of daily life, such as
telecommunication, human-computer interfaces, and entertainment.
 The trend of fabrication technology according to Moore’s Law makes us
believe 3D Catom will be made soon.
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20. REFERENCE
Claytronics project website http://www.cs.cmu.edu/claytronics/
http://www.wikiwand.com/en/Claytronics
www.wikipedia.com
Images from: images.google.co.in
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21. THANK YOU
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