The biological organization of living things.

2. To be in biology first you must
decide if something is living.

3. Remember the Characteristics of Life:
1. Homeostasis
2. Organization
3. Metabolism
4. Growth
5. Adaptation
6. Response to stimuli
7. Reproduce
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4.  Hierarchical
• Arranged or grouped in order of
rank.
 It is how biologists group and
categorize organisms.
 It refers to the system in which
groups are nested in each
level.
 Higher levels are the most
general and contain a collection
of groups
 Lower levels are more specific.
General
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Specific
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5.  Living organisms that
are closely related are
grouped together.
 Domains are the
broadest group.
 Species are the most
specific group.
General
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Specific
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6. Domain
Kingdom
Phylum/Divisi
on
Class
Order
Family
Genus
species
Sub-species
Eukarya
Plantae
Asterales
Asteraceae
Taraxacum
officinale —
Dandelion
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Felidae
Felis
domesticus —
House Cat
Panthera
tigris —
Tiger
Canidae
Canis
lupus
familiaris — Dog
lupus
— Wolf
Bacteria
Proteobacteria
Gamma
Proteobacteria
Enterobacteriales
Enterobacteriaceae
Escherichia
coli
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7.  Domain = Dear (biggest group)
 Kingdom = King
 Phylum (division) = Philip
(David)
 Class = Came
 Order = Over
 Family = From
 Genus = Germany
 Species = Swimming (most specific)
General
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Specific
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8.  Domain: Eukarya
 Kingdom: Animalia
 Phylum: Chordata
 Class: Mammalia
 Order: Carnivora
 Family: Felidae
 Genus: Felis
 Species: F. domesticus
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9. Type of Cell Domains Kingdoms
Prokaryote Bacteria Bacteria
Prokaryote Archaea Bacteria
Eukaryote Eukarya Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
 There are three
domains
1. Bacteria
2. Archaea
3. Eukarya
 There are six
kingdoms
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10.  Members of the Bacteria and
Archaea are all prokaryotes
(before a nucleus).
 They have no nucleus. Rather
a single circle of DNA.
 They are unicellular, made of
one cell.
 Prokaryote cells are small and
simple.
 There are no organelles in
prokaryote cells.
Domains Kingdom(s)
Bacteria Bacteria
Archaea Archaea
Eukarya Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
Fun Facts:
One bacterium can give rise to 10
million in 24 hours.
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11. 11

12.  Bacteria are the most
abundant organisms on
earth.
 Both aerobic (with
oxygen) and anaerobic
(without oxygen)
respiration.
 Some use
photosynthesis (make
food using sunlight).
E. coli
Fun Facts:
There are approximately 10x as many
bacterial cells in a human as there are
human cells in the body.
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13.  Archaea are less widespread
than Bacteria.
 Differ from Eubacteria in
• details of cell wall structure.
• plasma membranes
• DNA structure.
 Many Archaebacteria are
methanogens.
• This means that to produce energy
they use H2 gas to reduce CO2 to
CH4 (methane), which releases
energy.
Halobacteria sp.
Fun Facts:
Some archaea obtain their
energy from inorganic
compounds such as sulfur or
ammonia (lithotrophs)
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14.  Many Archaebacteria are
adapted to extreme
environments.
• Thermophiles: “heat lovers.” Inhabit
hot springs. Tolerate temps from 70
-- >110°C.
• Halophiles: “salt lovers.” Require
water that is 15-20% salt (seawater
only 3% salt).
 Archaebacteria more closely
related to the Eukarya than are
the Eubacteria.
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15.  DNA is arranged in chromosomes
in a nucleus.
 Include both
1. Unicellular (single-celled) organisms.
2. Multi-cellular (many-celled) organisms.
 Cells larger and more complex than
cells of Prokaryotes.
 Contain organelles.
Domains Kingdom(s)
Bacteria Bacteria
Archaea Archaea
Eukarya Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
Glossary:
DNA: Deoxyribonucleic
acid is the basic building
block of life.
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16.  Organelles are structures in
cells specialized for particular
tasks.
• Mitochondria and chloroplasts.
• Mitochondria and chloroplasts were
once free living bacteria.
• Over time they came to live inside
the eukaryotic cells and established
a symbiotic relationship.
Domains Kingdom(s)
Bacteria Bacteria
Archaea Archaea
Eukarya Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
Glossary:
Symbiosis: very close,
mutually dependent
relationship between two
organisms.
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17. 1. Eubacteria
2. Archaebacteria
3. Protista
4. Fungi
5. Plantae
6. Animalia
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18. Kingdom Organisms
Eubacteria Bacteria: Methanogens,
Halophiles, Thermophiles,
Psychrophiles
Archaebacteria Bacteria, Cyanobacteria (blue-green
algae), Actinobacteria
Protista Amoebae, green algae, brown
algae, diatoms, euglena, slime
molds
Fungi Mushrooms, yeast, molds
Plantae Mosses, angiosperms (flowering
plants), gymnosperms, liverworts,
ferns
Animalia Mammals, amphibians, sponges,
insects, worms
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19.  Two part name
 Binomial
nomenclature
Written in italics
 Genus is capitalized
 species is not
capitalized
 When hand written
underline each name
individually
Common
Name
Genus Specie
s
Sub-species
Bengal Tiger Panthera tigris tigris
Siberian Tiger Panthera tigris altaica
Humans Homo sapiens sapien
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20. Common Name Genus Species Sub-species
Bengal Tiger Panthera tigris tigris
Siberian Tiger Panthera tigris altaica
Humans Homo sapiens sapien
Domestic Dog Canis lupus familiaris
Domestic Cat Felis catus
Dandelion Taraxacum officinale
Douglas Fir Pseudotsuga menziesii menziesii
Oregon Grape Berberis aquifolium
Western Meadowlark Sturnella neglecta
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