Clark NCSU Future Leaders Conference Poster
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I presented this poster at NC State's Future Leaders in Chemical Engineering Conference on 10/23/17. It summarizes the preliminary steps of my senior thesis.
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A microbial fuel cell, or biological fuel cell, is a bio-electrochemical system that drives an electric current by using bacteria and mimicking bacterial interactions found in nature. MFCs can be grouped into two general categories: mediated and unmediated.
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This document describes a student project to study microbial fuel cells (MFCs) for treating wastewater and generating electricity. The objectives are to construct an MFC setup, select microbes, optimize conditions, and analyze COD reduction and voltage generation from treating distillery wastewater. The team constructed a dual-chamber MFC with graphite electrodes. Testing on synthetic wastewater showed voltage increased over time and with higher COD loads. Distillery wastewater trials achieved up to 72% COD reduction and 250mV voltage after 12 days. While power generation was low, the study demonstrated MFC feasibility for wastewater treatment and identified areas for further optimization and scale-up.
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This document discusses microbial fuel cells (MFCs) which generate electricity through the catalytic activity of microorganisms. MFCs convert the chemical energy in organic matter like biomass or biofuel into electricity. They have several advantages like satisfying increasing energy demand, decreasing dependence on fossil fuels, and generating clean energy. MFCs use microbes like bacteria to catalyze the oxidation of an organic compound at the anode and reduction of oxygen at the cathode. Various wastewaters have been used as substrates to power MFCs. Field applications of MFCs include powering sensors for oceanic monitoring, tsunami prediction, and groundwater nitrate detection.
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- A literature review covered MFC types and research on materials like graphite and biochar. A 50/50 graphite-biochar mix was selected.
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Effect of electrodes, aeration, salt bridges and source of microbes in a medi...
ICChE 2017, ChE 400, Thesis [B.Sc.]
Toriqul Islam, Abdullah Al Moinee
Supervisor: Dr. Nahid Sanzida
ChE, BUET
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Similar to Clark NCSU Future Leaders Conference Poster
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Plasmonic hot carriers with a nonthermal distribution of kinetic energies have opened up new avenues in photovoltaics, photodetection and photocatalysis. While several articles have reported ultrafast hot electron injection from coinage metals into n-type semiconductors across Schottky barriers and efficient subsequent utilization of injected hot electrons, reports of hot hole harvesting are comparatively rare due to the difficulty in forming Schottky junctions between p-type semiconductors and high work function metals. In this communication, we report the fabrication, characterization and theoretical calculations of a novel integrated multiferroic-plasmonic system comprising YMn2O5 nanowires decorated on their surface with Ag nanoparticles (NPs). A Schottky barrier for holes exists at the YMn2O5-Ag hetero-interface and hot holes were injected from Ag across this barrier. The synthesized hybrid along with bare Ag NPs were tested for Raman surface photocatalytic reduction of 4-NBT (4-nitrobenzenethiol) to DMAB (p, p′-dimercaptoazobenzene) where the composite demonstrated superior activity compared to the bare metal. Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) revealed a significantly reduced work function of the composite compared to the pristine Ag, indicative of more energetic hot electrons on the surface of the composite required for efficient photoreduction. Density functional theory (DFT)-based calculations revealed localization of molecular orbitals supportive of a possible hole transfer from YMn2O5 to Ag and a reorganization of electronic states beneficial for plasmon-induced charge carrier enhancement. DFT results also indicated a purely electronic contribution to the ferroelectric polarization of YMn2O5 over and above the ionic contribution, which originated from the magnetic polarization of O 2p states.
Functional Materials Lab Research Introduction
Dr. Dawei Liu received his BS and PhD degrees from Nanjing University of China and University of Washington respectively. He is now an Assistant Professor at Alfred University where his research focuses on surface modified nanostructured materials for electrochemical energy storage and biosensors. Specifically, he works on developing solution-based methods to fabricate homogeneous oxide nanostructures and uses surface engineering techniques like atomic layer deposition to enhance the energy storage capability and cyclic stability of nanostructured battery electrodes and biosensors. He has over 30 peer-reviewed publications and access to key facilities like battery and biosensor testing systems for his research.
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Ultrasonic weltering was used to enhance the electrochemical performance of V2O5 thin films deposited on stainless steel substrates for use as electrodes in supercapacitors. Structural, morphological, physical and electrochemical characterization showed that ultrasonic weltering resulted in more crystalline and porous films with increased specific surface area. This led to improved ion transport and a 19% increase in specific capacitance from 333 F/g to 397 F/g. Energy density also increased from 2.44 Wh/kg to 2.97 Wh/kg, while power density rose from 3.11 kW/kg to 3.52 kW/kg. Therefore, ultrasonic weltering produced structural and morphological changes that enhanced the supercapacitive properties
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(diphenylamino)phenyl)thiophen-2-yl)methylene)malononitrile (DPTMM) when used as molecular donor
in an organic solar cell (OSC) device structure.
References
This document summarizes a study on the inhibition of human alkaline phosphatases by vanadate. The key findings are:
1) Vanadate (orthovanadate) was found to be a potent competitive inhibitor of purified alkaline phosphatase from human liver, intestine and kidney, with a Ki of less than 1 microM.
2) The inhibitory effect of vanadate was reversed and full enzymatic activity was restored in the presence of 1mM adrenaline.
3) Phosphate and vanadate were found to compete for the same binding site on the enzyme.
Bin Sun_CV20160217
This document provides a summary of Bin Sun's education, research experience, skills, and publications. It summarizes that Bin Sun received his PhD in Chemical Engineering from the University of Waterloo, where he developed high performance n-type polymer semiconductors. He has over 25 publications in peer-reviewed journals, with research focusing on flexible electronics, organic materials development, and biosensors.
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UROP Symposium
This document summarizes research characterizing the electrical properties of different isoforms of the reflectin protein, which may have applications in bioelectronic devices. Protonic transistors were fabricated using reflectin isoforms A1, A2, and B1 as the active material. All isoforms showed increased current with proton-injecting palladium hydride electrodes and increasing humidity, indicating proton conduction. Field effect tests also supported proton conduction. Future work may include integrating these transistors with living materials or engineering optimized isoforms through selective breeding.
Conducting polymer based flexible super capacitors [autosaved]
Conducting polymers have potential in flexible supercapacitors due to their redox properties. Polyaniline, polypyrrole and polythiophene are promising conducting polymers. Graphene composites with these polymers improve performance by preventing aggregation and enabling fast ion transport. Future work aims to develop ternary composites and asymmetric capacitors to further increase energy density without sacrificing power. Conducting polymers work best in asymmetric configurations using different polymers or a polymer-carbon composite to expand the operating voltage window.
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The overwhelming challenge of depleting fossil fuels and anthropogenic carbon emissions has driven research into alternative clean sources of energy. To achieve the goal of a carbon neutral economy, the harvesting of sunlight by using photocatalysts to split water into hydrogen and oxygen is an expedient approach to fulfill the energy demand in a sustainable way along with reducing the emission of greenhouse gases. Even though the past few decades have witnessed intensive research into inorganic semiconductor photocatalysts, their quantum efficiencies for hydrogen production from visible photons remain too low for the large scale deployment of this technology. Visible light absorption and efficient charge separation are two key necessary conditions for achieving the scalable production of hydrogen from water. Two-dimensional carbon based nanoscale materials such as graphene oxide, reduced …
Sunlight-driven water-splitting using two dimensional carbon based semiconduc...
The overwhelming challenge of depleting fossil fuels and anthropogenic carbon emissions has driven research
into alternative clean sources of energy. To achieve the goal of a carbon neutral economy, the harvesting of
sunlight by using photocatalysts to split water into hydrogen and oxygen is an expedient approach to fulfill
the energy demand in a sustainable way along with reducing the emission of greenhouse gases. Even though
the past few decades have witnessed intensive research into inorganic semiconductor photocatalysts, their
quantum efficiencies for hydrogen production from visible photons remain too low for the large scale
deployment of this technology. Visible light absorption and efficient charge separation are two key necessary
conditions for achieving the scalable production of hydrogen from water. Two-dimensional carbon based
nanoscale materials such as graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, carbon nitride, modified 2D carbon
frameworks and their composites have emerged as potential photocatalysts due to their astonishing
properties such as superior charge transport, tunable energy levels and bandgaps, visible light absorption,
high surface area, easy processability, quantum confinement effects, and high photocatalytic quantum yields.
The feasibility of structural and chemical modification to optimize visible light absorption and charge
separation makes carbonaceous semiconductors promising candidates to convert solar energy into chemical
energy. In the present review, we have summarized the recent advances in 2D carbonaceous photocatalysts
with respect to physicochemical and photochemical tuning for solar light mediated hydrogen evolution
Sunlight-driven water-splitting using twodimensional carbon based semiconductors
The overwhelming challenge of depleting fossil fuels and anthropogenic carbon emissions has driven research
into alternative clean sources of energy. To achieve the goal of a carbon neutral economy, the harvesting of
sunlight by using photocatalysts to split water into hydrogen and oxygen is an expedient approach to fulfill
the energy demand in a sustainable way along with reducing the emission of greenhouse gases. Even though
the past few decades have witnessed intensive research into inorganic semiconductor photocatalysts, their
quantum efficiencies for hydrogen production from visible photons remain too low for the large scale
deployment of this technology. Visible light absorption and efficient charge separation are two key necessary
conditions for achieving the scalable production of hydrogen from water. Two-dimensional carbon based
nanoscale materials such as graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, carbon nitride, modified 2D carbon
frameworks and their composites have emerged as potential photocatalysts due to their astonishing
properties such as superior charge transport, tunable energy levels and bandgaps, visible light absorption,
high surface area, easy processability, quantum confinement effects, and high photocatalytic quantum yields.
The feasibility of structural and chemical modification to optimize visible light absorption and charge
separation makes carbonaceous semiconductors promising candidates to convert solar energy into chemical
energy. In the present review, we have summarized the recent advances in 2D carbonaceous photocatalysts
with respect to physicochemical and photochemical tuning for solar light mediated hydrogen evolution.
1D Nanomaterials: Design, Synthesis, and Applications in Sodium–Ion Batteries
This document reviews 1D nanomaterials and their applications in sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). 1D nanomaterials such as nanofibers, nanotubes, nanorods, and nanowires are promising electrode materials for SIBs due to their uniform structure, oriented ion and electron transport, and ability to tolerate stress changes. The document discusses various synthetic methods for producing 1D nanomaterials, including electrospinning, gas-phase routes, solution-phase routes, and template-assisted methods. It also examines how different morphologies and structural features of 1D nanomaterials can affect electrochemical properties in SIBs. Finally, the document outlines challenges in fabricating 1D nanomaterials and prospects for their future use in
Recent Trends in Bimetallic Oxides and Their Composites as Electrode Material...
This document summarizes recent progress in the development of bimetallic oxide materials for supercapacitor electrode applications. Bimetallic oxides have shown improved electrochemical performance compared to single metal oxides by combining the properties of two different metals in a single crystal structure. The performance of supercapacitor electrodes depends on factors such as the electrochemical behavior of the materials, electrolyte choice, and device potential window. Researchers are working to develop new nanomaterials with low cost, high stability, excellent electrochemical properties, and mechanical performance to enhance supercapacitor capacitance, power density, energy density and cycling life for applications such as electric vehicles.
Recent Trends in Bimetallic Oxides and Their Composites as Electrode Material...
There is a growing interest in supercapacitors as energy storage
systems due to their high specific power, fast charge/discharge
rates, and long cycling stability. Researchers have focused
recently on developing nanomaterials to enhance the capacitive
performance of supercapacitors. The inclusion of electroactive
components, such as transition metal oxides (TMOs), carbonbased
materials, and conducting polymers (CPs), is believed to
play an important role in improving the electrochemical
behavior of the electrode materials. Nevertheless, supercapacitors
containing TMOs, carbon-based materials, and CPs commonly
suffer from inferior ion-transport kinetics and poor
electronic conductivity, which can affect the rate capability and
cycling stability of the electrodes. Therefore, the development
of TMO/CP and TMO/carbon-based electrode materials has
gained widespread attention because they synergistically
combine the advantages of both materials, enabling revolutionary
applications in the electrochemical field. In general,
TMOs have given good performance as electrodes for supercapacitors
by further increasing the performance of the
electrode when two metal cations are introduced into a single
crystal structure. This Review describes and highlights recent
progress in the development of bimetallic oxides regarding
their design approach, configurations, and electrochemical
properties for supercapacitor applications, at the same time
providing new opportunities for future energy storage technologies.
Recent trends in bimetallic oxides and their composites as electrode material...
Recent trends in bimetallic oxides and their composites as electrode materials for supercapacitor applications
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Publication
The document describes a method for synthesizing NiFe2O4 nanoparticles fully anchored within a carbon network using a facile pyrolysis technique. Key points:
- NiFe2O4 nanoparticles were synthesized within a carbon network using a polyol-assisted pyrolysis method without an external carbon source.
- Characterization with SEM and TEM showed the NiFe2O4 nanoparticles were uniformly distributed and fully embedded within the carbon network.
- Electrochemical testing showed the NiFe2O4/C anode delivered a reversible capacity of 381.8 mAh/g after 100 cycles at 1C rates and 263.7 mAh/g at a high rate of 5C, demonstrating enhanced performance over bare
Innovation Technology for Water Desalination Based on RO-NF Membrane
Thesis seminar
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-19172-w
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0011916417315229
synthesis of semiconducting polymers for possible application in [autosaved]
This document provides an overview of low band gap semiconducting polymers and their potential application in organic photovoltaic cells. It discusses the importance of low band gap polymers for absorbing longer wavelengths of light more efficiently. Various polymerization techniques are described, including oxidative and metal-catalyzed routes. Characterization techniques to analyze the synthesized polymers are also outlined. Specific electron-rich and electron-deficient monomer units with band gaps between 1.46-1.60 eV are identified as promising candidates. The author's next steps involve synthesizing N-tosyl pyrrole and 3-hexyl pyrrole monomers to ultimately obtain a low band gap semiconducting polymer for use in solar cells.
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Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
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The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
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1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
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Masking and demasking reagents
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Calcium gluconate
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2.Back Titration
3.Replacement Titration
4.Indirect Titration
Masking agent, Demasking agents
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Visual Technique,PM indicators (metallochromic), Indicators of pH, Redox Indicators
Instrumental Techniques-Photometry
Potentiometry
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Complex titration with EDTA.
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Clark NCSU Future Leaders Conference Poster
- 1. Inorganic Nanowire-Modified Polyelectrolytes for Vanadium Flow Battery Membranes Brandon Clark1,2, Dr. Amy Peterson1, Dr. Yousef Mahmoud2 1Department of Chemical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute 2Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute Project Goals/Methods Results: ZnO-PSS DLS Background Recent Work Acknowledgements References Future Work Crosslinking strategies for insolubility 1. PSS-Maleic Acid: Fischer esterification with hydroquinone 2. UV light5 Vanadium Redox Flow Battery (VRFB): currently used for grid energy storage, especially for transient renewables1 Nafion: proton exchange membrane2 Pros 1. High chemical stability Cons 1. Expensive 2. High vanadium permeability a) Due to ion channel bulk transport b) Leads to capacity losses Current membranes (PBI3 and SPEEK4) 1. Improved selectivity 2. Still expensive 3. Sacrifices some conductivity a) Poor ion channel self assembly Inorganic Nanowires4 1. Believed to block vanadium further by plugging ion channels 1. Confirm electrostatic adhesion of ZnO and TiO2 nanowires onto Polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) 2. Compare membrane performance to current popular battery membranes a) ion exchange capacity b) water and vanadium ion permeability c) proton conductivity 3. Build a battery prototype a) Study voltage and coulombic efficiency through charge-discharge cycling PSS ZnO TiO2 Polybenzimidazole Poly ether ether ketone Battery Prototype Permeability Test Nafion Particle Size: No appreciable trend 1. PSS is small 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Size(nm) Adsorption Time PSS-ZnO ZnO Control PSS Control -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 ZetaPotential(mV) Adsorption Time (min) PSS-ZnO ZnO Control PSS Control 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Conductivity(mS/cm) Adsorption Time (min) PSS-ZnO ZnO Control PSS Control Zeta Potential: more negative as absorption time increased 1. PSS: preferential electrostatic absorption compared to Na+ Conductivity: only high at zero absorption time 1. electrostatic bonding may prevent electron mobility 1. Chen, C. L.; Yeoh, H. K.; Chakrabartia, M. H. An enhanced one-dimensional stationary model for the all- vanadium redox flow battery; Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Process Systems Engineering (PSE ASIA); 2013; Vol. 25, pp 27. 2. Tung, S.; Hwang, B. Synthesis and characterization of hydrated phosphor–silicate glass membrane prepared by an accelerated sol–gel process with water/vapor management. Journal of Materials Chemistry 2005, 15, 3532-3538. 3. Yuan, Z.; Duan, Y.; Zhang, H.; Li, X.; Zhang, H.; Vankelecom, I. Advanced porous membranes with ultra-high selectivity and stability for vanadium flow batteries. Energy & Environmental Science 2016, 9, 441-447. 4. Ji, Y.; Tay, Z. Y.; Li, S. F. Y. Highly selective sulfonated poly (ether ether ketone)/titanium oxide composite membranes for vanadium redox flow batteries. J. Membr. Sci. 2017, 539, 197-205. 5. Hong, K.; Kim, S. H.; Yang, C.; Yun, W. M.; Nam, S.; Jang, J.; Park, C.; Park, C. E. Photopatternable Poly (4- styrene sulfonic acid)-wrapped MWNT thin-film source/drain electrodes for use in organic field-effect transistors. ACS applied materials & interfaces 2010, 3, 74-79. This work is funded by the WPI departments of Chemical Engineering and Electrical and Computer Engineering. I would like to thank Dr. Amy Peterson, Dr. Yousef Mahmoud, Ivan Ding, Anthony D’Amico, and Lv Xuejian for their support and mentorship.