There are several key problems faced by women in India that need to be addressed, including low literacy rates, domestic violence, and lack of access to menstrual hygiene products and education. Some specific issues highlighted include that 1 in 3 women are illiterate, 70% experience domestic violence, and 88% use unsanitary materials for menstruation instead of products like sanitary pads. Proposed solutions include increasing access to education for girls, strengthening laws against domestic abuse and dowry deaths, and improving affordability and availability of sanitary pads. Overall, empowering women in India requires efforts across several areas like education, safety, health, and socioeconomic status.
The document discusses the declining sex ratio in India and factors contributing to it such as son preference, small family norms, and the use of prenatal diagnostic techniques for sex-selective abortions. Some key points:
- The 2011 Indian census found a sex ratio of 933 females per 1000 males, representing a deficit of around 35 million women.
- Son preference stemming from social and economic factors has resulted in the neglect, abuse and killing of girls in parts of India.
- The use of technologies like amniocentesis and ultrasound for sex determination has led to widespread sex-selective abortions, especially in states with high son preference.
- This has contributed to 60 lakh (6 million) missing girls
The document discusses the occupational health issues faced by women workers, particularly in developing countries like India. It notes that women often work "double shifts" between domestic duties and outside employment. Their work is often invisible and undervalued. Women face numerous health risks at work due to factors like poverty, malnutrition, lack of education, and sociocultural norms. Occupational hazards disproportionately impact women due to their reproductive roles and smaller physical stature. comprehensive occupational health programs and data are needed to address the urgent issues faced by women workers.
Biases against girl child health & labour 18-1-04VIBHUTI PATEL
1. The document discusses various issues facing girl children in India such as bias against the girl child from birth, high mortality rates for girls, lack of access to education and nutrition, child marriage, and physical and sexual abuse.
2. Statistics show that girls have lower life expectancy and higher mortality rates than boys. Many girls drop out of school due to expectations to help with domestic work and child marriage.
3. Girls face health issues such as malnutrition, teenage pregnancy, and unsafe abortions due to lack of autonomy over their bodies. They also face psychological trauma from domestic violence and sexual abuse.
The document discusses gender issues affecting women's health in India. It defines gender and distinguishes it from sex. It then provides data on various measures of gender equality in India, including its rankings on the Human Development Index, Gender Inequality Index, Gender Equality Index, and Global Gender Gap Index. Key issues affecting women's health in India are identified as gender differences in education attainment, participation in public health, economic opportunities, and political participation. Literacy and education rates for women lag behind men, and cultural factors impact women's access to healthcare and education.
UNCT GTG Position Paper on Ending Violence Against Women and Girls (Final Ful...Marie Sophie Pettersson
This document provides an overview of violence against women and girls in Nepal. It discusses the current context and legal/normative frameworks in Nepal related to addressing violence. Some key points:
- Around 22% of women in Nepal experience physical violence and 9% experience sexual violence. Domestic violence is common.
- Patriarchal social norms and gender inequality are root causes of the continued high levels of violence.
- Nepal has strong laws and commitments to address violence, but implementation and social stigma remain challenges.
- The UN has conducted various programs to help end violence, but more coordinated efforts are needed.
This document summarizes the student's proposed ideas to address issues facing women in India regarding safety, empowerment, education, and the workplace. Their key proposals include publishing motivational articles to increase respect for women; introducing self-defense classes; ensuring laws and women's rights are known; establishing women's cells and safety measures across all levels of offices and organizations; and introducing clear guidelines and complaint mechanisms to prevent and address sexual harassment at work. The proposals aim to improve awareness, legal protections, and opportunities for women.
The document discusses the historical oppression and marginalization of women in India through practices such as sati, female infanticide, child marriage, and female foeticide. It then highlights government efforts to abolish these practices through legislation and awareness campaigns. Finally, it profiles several influential Indian women such as Kiran Bedi, Indra Nooyi, Chanda Kochhar, and Vinita Bali who have achieved success and helped empower women in India.
There are still millions of girls around the world not receiving an education. Specifically, there are 31 million girls of primary school age out of school, with 17 million expected to never enter school. Additionally, there are 34 million female adolescents out of school missing the chance to learn skills for work. Educating girls has significant societal impacts, including reducing maternal and child deaths, lowering malnutrition rates, and decreasing early marriage and pregnancy rates.
The document discusses the declining sex ratio in India and factors contributing to it such as son preference, small family norms, and the use of prenatal diagnostic techniques for sex-selective abortions. Some key points:
- The 2011 Indian census found a sex ratio of 933 females per 1000 males, representing a deficit of around 35 million women.
- Son preference stemming from social and economic factors has resulted in the neglect, abuse and killing of girls in parts of India.
- The use of technologies like amniocentesis and ultrasound for sex determination has led to widespread sex-selective abortions, especially in states with high son preference.
- This has contributed to 60 lakh (6 million) missing girls
The document discusses the occupational health issues faced by women workers, particularly in developing countries like India. It notes that women often work "double shifts" between domestic duties and outside employment. Their work is often invisible and undervalued. Women face numerous health risks at work due to factors like poverty, malnutrition, lack of education, and sociocultural norms. Occupational hazards disproportionately impact women due to their reproductive roles and smaller physical stature. comprehensive occupational health programs and data are needed to address the urgent issues faced by women workers.
Biases against girl child health & labour 18-1-04VIBHUTI PATEL
1. The document discusses various issues facing girl children in India such as bias against the girl child from birth, high mortality rates for girls, lack of access to education and nutrition, child marriage, and physical and sexual abuse.
2. Statistics show that girls have lower life expectancy and higher mortality rates than boys. Many girls drop out of school due to expectations to help with domestic work and child marriage.
3. Girls face health issues such as malnutrition, teenage pregnancy, and unsafe abortions due to lack of autonomy over their bodies. They also face psychological trauma from domestic violence and sexual abuse.
The document discusses gender issues affecting women's health in India. It defines gender and distinguishes it from sex. It then provides data on various measures of gender equality in India, including its rankings on the Human Development Index, Gender Inequality Index, Gender Equality Index, and Global Gender Gap Index. Key issues affecting women's health in India are identified as gender differences in education attainment, participation in public health, economic opportunities, and political participation. Literacy and education rates for women lag behind men, and cultural factors impact women's access to healthcare and education.
UNCT GTG Position Paper on Ending Violence Against Women and Girls (Final Ful...Marie Sophie Pettersson
This document provides an overview of violence against women and girls in Nepal. It discusses the current context and legal/normative frameworks in Nepal related to addressing violence. Some key points:
- Around 22% of women in Nepal experience physical violence and 9% experience sexual violence. Domestic violence is common.
- Patriarchal social norms and gender inequality are root causes of the continued high levels of violence.
- Nepal has strong laws and commitments to address violence, but implementation and social stigma remain challenges.
- The UN has conducted various programs to help end violence, but more coordinated efforts are needed.
This document summarizes the student's proposed ideas to address issues facing women in India regarding safety, empowerment, education, and the workplace. Their key proposals include publishing motivational articles to increase respect for women; introducing self-defense classes; ensuring laws and women's rights are known; establishing women's cells and safety measures across all levels of offices and organizations; and introducing clear guidelines and complaint mechanisms to prevent and address sexual harassment at work. The proposals aim to improve awareness, legal protections, and opportunities for women.
The document discusses the historical oppression and marginalization of women in India through practices such as sati, female infanticide, child marriage, and female foeticide. It then highlights government efforts to abolish these practices through legislation and awareness campaigns. Finally, it profiles several influential Indian women such as Kiran Bedi, Indra Nooyi, Chanda Kochhar, and Vinita Bali who have achieved success and helped empower women in India.
There are still millions of girls around the world not receiving an education. Specifically, there are 31 million girls of primary school age out of school, with 17 million expected to never enter school. Additionally, there are 34 million female adolescents out of school missing the chance to learn skills for work. Educating girls has significant societal impacts, including reducing maternal and child deaths, lowering malnutrition rates, and decreasing early marriage and pregnancy rates.
This document discusses girl child education and the National Policy on Education (NPE) 2019 draft in India. It outlines key factors that contribute to low rates of girl education such as poverty and cultural attitudes. The importance of educating girls is described, including empowering girls and achieving gender equality. Several government schemes that promote girl education in India are summarized, including Beti Bachao Beti Padhao and state-level programs. The NPE 2019 draft vision for prioritizing girl education through partnerships, increasing women in leadership roles, ensuring school safety, and conducting gender sensitivity programs is highlighted. The conclusion emphasizes that educating girls plants seeds for immense societal benefits and is crucial for women's empowerment.
The document discusses several key public health issues facing adolescent girls in Northern Uganda, including:
1) High rates of HIV/AIDS, malaria, pregnancy-related risks, and water-borne infectious diseases like hepatitis and ebola. Medical infrastructure and access to healthcare is severely limited.
2) Gender-based violence such as domestic abuse, sexual assault, and human trafficking are prevalent but underreported due to cultural norms.
3) Infant and maternal mortality remains high due to lack of access to family planning, prenatal care, skilled birth attendants, and functional medical facilities. Rural areas face particular challenges in accessing care.
The document summarizes key findings from a report on the Women, Peace and Security Index, which ranks 167 countries based on indicators of women's inclusion, justice, and security. India ranks 133rd overall. It performs poorly on women's education levels and employment rates compared to other South Asian countries. While financial inclusion of women has increased, political inclusion remains low. India also has a high son bias and rates of violence against women by intimate partners remain a problem. The majority of women in India feel authorities are not doing enough to ensure their safety.
Antenatal care utilization among particularly vulnerable tribal groupsAnindita Sinha
Even though maternal health care has occupied the centre stage in the global discourse on development, especially in developing countries since the Cairo International Conference on Population and Development 1994, India has a long way to go. Unsurprisingly, considerably wide variations exist between social groups, with the Scheduled tribes lagging behind the farthest. Research on the determinants of maternal health care among tribes, especially the particularly vulnerable tribal groups, points towards the need for qualitative studies in order to shed light on the context and nuances involved in the adoption or non-adoption of maternal health care services by tribes. In this context the present study investigates the determinants of antenatal care and institutional delivery among Reang women, a particularly vulnerable group residing in the North-eastern state of Tripura. We adopt a mixed method approach for the study and collect both quantitative and qualitative information from 50 Reang women and 50 Reang men (the husbands). Quantitative data is collected using a pre-coded schedule structured along the lines of the Demographic and Health Surveys. The qualitative aspect focuses on the role of the geographical terrain, importance of male involvement in antenatal care, role of the local Accredited Social Health Activists and overall health seeking behaviour of the Reang tribe. Results reveal that Reangs lag behind in required number of ANC visits (42%) and required number of tetanus toxoid injections (61.2%) vis-à-vis the average for all rural tribes of Tripura, the figures being 47% and 82%respectively for the latter. Economic factors are overwhelmingly important in the adoption of full ANC and institutional delivery compared to knowledge, education and autonomy variables. In-depth interviews highlight the importance of male involvement especially in the context where the monetary resources are largely held by them as also in navigating through the formal health system. Our study also brings out the critical importance of local ASHAs among tribes, with nearly every Reang woman depending on them as access point to the formal health care delivery system.
A presentation by Nicola Jones at the Global Webinar: Leave No Child Behind – The Way Forward for Education organised by Economic Policy Research Institute
Unicef Public Health Overview: Northern UgandaAngelaBond
The document discusses several key public health issues facing adolescent girls in Northern Uganda, including:
1) High rates of HIV/AIDS, malaria, and pregnancy-related risks due to lack of knowledge, access to prevention and treatment.
2) Poor medical infrastructure, with only 8.2% of the budget dedicated to healthcare and shortages of facilities, supplies, and providers especially in rural areas.
3) High levels of gender-based violence including domestic abuse, sexual assault, and harmful traditional practices, which are often tolerated within the culture.
4) Extremely high rates of infant and maternal mortality due to limited access to family planning, prenatal care, skilled birth attendants and facilities.
This document discusses women's empowerment and the various stages of discrimination women face from birth to marriage in India. It begins by providing context for the formation of AMWI in 1907 and discusses how women face issues such as female foeticide, lack of education, sexual abuse, workplace discrimination, and domestic violence. It notes statistics on topics like the gender pay gap, women's literacy rates, and women's land and property rights. Throughout, it provides information on relevant laws and suggestions for actions communities can take to promote women's empowerment and end discrimination.
The challenges of adolescent girls sexual maturation to educational parity in...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that examined the links between sexual maturation, menstrual management, and school attendance/dropout rates among adolescent girls in northern Ghana. The study revealed that girls' dropout rates are highest around the age of puberty, suggesting a connection between managing the challenges of puberty/maturation and schooling. Cultural beliefs in the region view menstruation as unclean and impose restrictions on girls, though these beliefs do not always reflect practices. Many girls experience discomfort from menstruation and lack adequate facilities/supplies at school, which can impact attendance. Overall, the study aimed to better understand how socio-cultural practices and knowledge levels regarding maturation influence girls' educational experiences in northern Ghana.
The document discusses various issues facing children in India such as abuse, sexual abuse, street children, children with HIV/AIDS, child labor, child marriage, trafficking, and malnutrition. It notes that India is home to 19% of the world's child population and children face issues like physical, emotional and sexual abuse as well as neglect. Specific vulnerable groups discussed include street children, children with disabilities, children affected by substance abuse, and children from scheduled castes and tribes. It provides statistics on issues like child marriage, birth registration, missing children, and outlines some of the laws and policies in place in India to protect children.
Parents Attitude towards Girl Child Education: A Sociological Study of HaryanaRHIMRJ Journal
Girls and boys have the same rights to get a quality education. But the ‘gender gap’ becomes painfully evident when
looking at who is in the classroom. Girls lag behind than boys at all levels of formal education in Haryana. Enrolment,
retention, transition and achievement rates for girls are always lower than that of boys. This means that even many of the girls
who are enrolled in school do not complete Secondary School education. There is the strong belief that negative parental
attitude must be blamed for the low level education of girls. The purpose of the present study was, therefore, to assessing
current parental attitude towards the education of girls children. The study analyzed the data from 50 parents, who had one or
more than one school going children. Out of these, 20 parents belonged to upper caste families, 15 parents belonged to middle
caste families and 15 parents belonged to lower caste families. The age range of the sample was 18-50 years, and they all
belonged to Bohar village of Rohtak District. 20-item questionnaire schedule was used for collecting data. The findings
showed that the overall attitude of the respondents was moderately favorable and positive towards schooling and education of
their children. The study reflects that generally parents would want to educate both boys and girls, however when there are
other demands on the family's resources that the education of the girl child is considered a secondary issue.
The document discusses the "Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao" initiative launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi to empower girls through education. It describes Buland Awaaz Slum School, a free study center that provides education, meals, supplies and medical care for underprivileged children. The objectives are to promote girls' education, prevent sex selection, ensure girls' survival, nutrition, and development. Suggestions include recruiting experienced teachers, counseling children, and collaborating with other organizations to help more girls. Challenges include changing mindsets, lack of support, infrastructure and funding.
Samuel Scott, IFPRI - From mother to child: Pathways from early marriage to p...POSHAN
Presentation made at an IFPRI event on "What Lies Beneath:
Women’s and Girls’ Wellbeing as a Critical Underpinning of India’s Nutritional Challenge" on December 10, 2018, in New Delhi
The document discusses challenges facing girl child education in rural Kenya. It notes that poverty, disease, and harmful cultural practices prevent many girls from accessing education. Even with free primary education, girls in rural areas still face barriers like transportation costs. The document proposes several solutions, including creating supportive school environments, raising community awareness, providing life skills training, and developing vocational programs to empower girls. It argues that educating girls reduces poverty, improves health and environmental sustainability, and promotes gender equality and development. The author believes in the power of education and is donating land to establish a school.
This document discusses key concerns around gender-based violence and women's sexual and reproductive health in India both before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. It notes that intimate partner violence and unmet need for family planning were already issues, and that the pandemic is likely exacerbating problems by reducing access to services while increasing economic and mental health stresses. Specifically, it reports a large drop in institutional deliveries and anticipated lack of access to contraceptives and abortion services for millions of women due to the pandemic. The document calls for prioritizing social/behavior change programs, ensuring women's representation in COVID responses, strengthening family planning services, and developing a public health response to end violence against women.
Project on gender equality in Pakistan - ODS5Grupo Areté
🎓Asignatura: Historia de los países de habla inglesa / History of english-speaking countries.
✏ Título: Project on gender equality in Pakistan
🌏Objetivo 5: Igualdad de género y empoderamiento de la mujer / Goal 5: Gender equality and women's empowerment
By: María Valle Garrido
This document discusses family planning programs and contraceptive use in India, with a focus on the Empowered Action Group (EAG) states. It provides background on the history of family planning efforts in India and defines unmet need. The summary is:
1) Family planning programs in India began in 1952 but shifted focus from individual choice to population control in the 1960s as rapid growth concerned the government.
2) The document analyzes contraceptive use and unmet need among young, currently married rural women in 8 EAG states using data from the 2002-2004 District Level Household Survey.
3) Sterilization is the most commonly used method across the EAG states. Use of spacing and
Significance of Health Education among Adolescent GirlsQUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: Adolescence is the period of storm and stress due to rapid changes in various aspects of growth. It is the most challenging phase of development especially in the physiological aspect. Awareness on growth and development among adolescent girls is essential to build a healthy personality. It helps to prevent them from unhealthy lifestyles and teenage pregnancy. The present study focuses on analyzing the level of awareness among adolescent girls about the major physical changes like menstruation and reproduction. The sample consists of 100 adolescent girls from government and aided schools of Kerala. The study found that the awareness related to menstruation is satisfactory. But the awareness related to sex is at below average level. Thus the study highlights the need of health education among adolescents with more focus on sex education.
Gender discrimination and violence against women have existed for generations in India. While laws grant equal rights, disparities remain. Discrimination begins at infancy with son preference and female infanticide. Girls have lower literacy rates due to perceptions that education is wasted on them. As adults, women earn less than men for the same work. Violence against women includes physical, mental and emotional abuse. Solutions proposed are stricter punishments for rape, awareness and support for women, banning child marriage, and fining those who accept dowry.
Domestic violence against women (1).ppt fourth semestersultanas25
The document discusses domestic violence against women in Toronto. It provides definitions of domestic violence from the UN and notes it can include physical, sexual, emotional or psychological harm. Gender inequality is cited as a core factor. The YWCA in Toronto supports women and children experiencing domestic violence through emergency shelter, housing, counseling and advocacy. The authors interviewed a YWCA social worker and volunteered at the women's shelter to learn about their services and support for domestic violence victims.
This document discusses girl child education and the National Policy on Education (NPE) 2019 draft in India. It outlines key factors that contribute to low rates of girl education such as poverty and cultural attitudes. The importance of educating girls is described, including empowering girls and achieving gender equality. Several government schemes that promote girl education in India are summarized, including Beti Bachao Beti Padhao and state-level programs. The NPE 2019 draft vision for prioritizing girl education through partnerships, increasing women in leadership roles, ensuring school safety, and conducting gender sensitivity programs is highlighted. The conclusion emphasizes that educating girls plants seeds for immense societal benefits and is crucial for women's empowerment.
The document discusses several key public health issues facing adolescent girls in Northern Uganda, including:
1) High rates of HIV/AIDS, malaria, pregnancy-related risks, and water-borne infectious diseases like hepatitis and ebola. Medical infrastructure and access to healthcare is severely limited.
2) Gender-based violence such as domestic abuse, sexual assault, and human trafficking are prevalent but underreported due to cultural norms.
3) Infant and maternal mortality remains high due to lack of access to family planning, prenatal care, skilled birth attendants, and functional medical facilities. Rural areas face particular challenges in accessing care.
The document summarizes key findings from a report on the Women, Peace and Security Index, which ranks 167 countries based on indicators of women's inclusion, justice, and security. India ranks 133rd overall. It performs poorly on women's education levels and employment rates compared to other South Asian countries. While financial inclusion of women has increased, political inclusion remains low. India also has a high son bias and rates of violence against women by intimate partners remain a problem. The majority of women in India feel authorities are not doing enough to ensure their safety.
Antenatal care utilization among particularly vulnerable tribal groupsAnindita Sinha
Even though maternal health care has occupied the centre stage in the global discourse on development, especially in developing countries since the Cairo International Conference on Population and Development 1994, India has a long way to go. Unsurprisingly, considerably wide variations exist between social groups, with the Scheduled tribes lagging behind the farthest. Research on the determinants of maternal health care among tribes, especially the particularly vulnerable tribal groups, points towards the need for qualitative studies in order to shed light on the context and nuances involved in the adoption or non-adoption of maternal health care services by tribes. In this context the present study investigates the determinants of antenatal care and institutional delivery among Reang women, a particularly vulnerable group residing in the North-eastern state of Tripura. We adopt a mixed method approach for the study and collect both quantitative and qualitative information from 50 Reang women and 50 Reang men (the husbands). Quantitative data is collected using a pre-coded schedule structured along the lines of the Demographic and Health Surveys. The qualitative aspect focuses on the role of the geographical terrain, importance of male involvement in antenatal care, role of the local Accredited Social Health Activists and overall health seeking behaviour of the Reang tribe. Results reveal that Reangs lag behind in required number of ANC visits (42%) and required number of tetanus toxoid injections (61.2%) vis-à-vis the average for all rural tribes of Tripura, the figures being 47% and 82%respectively for the latter. Economic factors are overwhelmingly important in the adoption of full ANC and institutional delivery compared to knowledge, education and autonomy variables. In-depth interviews highlight the importance of male involvement especially in the context where the monetary resources are largely held by them as also in navigating through the formal health system. Our study also brings out the critical importance of local ASHAs among tribes, with nearly every Reang woman depending on them as access point to the formal health care delivery system.
A presentation by Nicola Jones at the Global Webinar: Leave No Child Behind – The Way Forward for Education organised by Economic Policy Research Institute
Unicef Public Health Overview: Northern UgandaAngelaBond
The document discusses several key public health issues facing adolescent girls in Northern Uganda, including:
1) High rates of HIV/AIDS, malaria, and pregnancy-related risks due to lack of knowledge, access to prevention and treatment.
2) Poor medical infrastructure, with only 8.2% of the budget dedicated to healthcare and shortages of facilities, supplies, and providers especially in rural areas.
3) High levels of gender-based violence including domestic abuse, sexual assault, and harmful traditional practices, which are often tolerated within the culture.
4) Extremely high rates of infant and maternal mortality due to limited access to family planning, prenatal care, skilled birth attendants and facilities.
This document discusses women's empowerment and the various stages of discrimination women face from birth to marriage in India. It begins by providing context for the formation of AMWI in 1907 and discusses how women face issues such as female foeticide, lack of education, sexual abuse, workplace discrimination, and domestic violence. It notes statistics on topics like the gender pay gap, women's literacy rates, and women's land and property rights. Throughout, it provides information on relevant laws and suggestions for actions communities can take to promote women's empowerment and end discrimination.
The challenges of adolescent girls sexual maturation to educational parity in...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that examined the links between sexual maturation, menstrual management, and school attendance/dropout rates among adolescent girls in northern Ghana. The study revealed that girls' dropout rates are highest around the age of puberty, suggesting a connection between managing the challenges of puberty/maturation and schooling. Cultural beliefs in the region view menstruation as unclean and impose restrictions on girls, though these beliefs do not always reflect practices. Many girls experience discomfort from menstruation and lack adequate facilities/supplies at school, which can impact attendance. Overall, the study aimed to better understand how socio-cultural practices and knowledge levels regarding maturation influence girls' educational experiences in northern Ghana.
The document discusses various issues facing children in India such as abuse, sexual abuse, street children, children with HIV/AIDS, child labor, child marriage, trafficking, and malnutrition. It notes that India is home to 19% of the world's child population and children face issues like physical, emotional and sexual abuse as well as neglect. Specific vulnerable groups discussed include street children, children with disabilities, children affected by substance abuse, and children from scheduled castes and tribes. It provides statistics on issues like child marriage, birth registration, missing children, and outlines some of the laws and policies in place in India to protect children.
Parents Attitude towards Girl Child Education: A Sociological Study of HaryanaRHIMRJ Journal
Girls and boys have the same rights to get a quality education. But the ‘gender gap’ becomes painfully evident when
looking at who is in the classroom. Girls lag behind than boys at all levels of formal education in Haryana. Enrolment,
retention, transition and achievement rates for girls are always lower than that of boys. This means that even many of the girls
who are enrolled in school do not complete Secondary School education. There is the strong belief that negative parental
attitude must be blamed for the low level education of girls. The purpose of the present study was, therefore, to assessing
current parental attitude towards the education of girls children. The study analyzed the data from 50 parents, who had one or
more than one school going children. Out of these, 20 parents belonged to upper caste families, 15 parents belonged to middle
caste families and 15 parents belonged to lower caste families. The age range of the sample was 18-50 years, and they all
belonged to Bohar village of Rohtak District. 20-item questionnaire schedule was used for collecting data. The findings
showed that the overall attitude of the respondents was moderately favorable and positive towards schooling and education of
their children. The study reflects that generally parents would want to educate both boys and girls, however when there are
other demands on the family's resources that the education of the girl child is considered a secondary issue.
The document discusses the "Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao" initiative launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi to empower girls through education. It describes Buland Awaaz Slum School, a free study center that provides education, meals, supplies and medical care for underprivileged children. The objectives are to promote girls' education, prevent sex selection, ensure girls' survival, nutrition, and development. Suggestions include recruiting experienced teachers, counseling children, and collaborating with other organizations to help more girls. Challenges include changing mindsets, lack of support, infrastructure and funding.
Samuel Scott, IFPRI - From mother to child: Pathways from early marriage to p...POSHAN
Presentation made at an IFPRI event on "What Lies Beneath:
Women’s and Girls’ Wellbeing as a Critical Underpinning of India’s Nutritional Challenge" on December 10, 2018, in New Delhi
The document discusses challenges facing girl child education in rural Kenya. It notes that poverty, disease, and harmful cultural practices prevent many girls from accessing education. Even with free primary education, girls in rural areas still face barriers like transportation costs. The document proposes several solutions, including creating supportive school environments, raising community awareness, providing life skills training, and developing vocational programs to empower girls. It argues that educating girls reduces poverty, improves health and environmental sustainability, and promotes gender equality and development. The author believes in the power of education and is donating land to establish a school.
This document discusses key concerns around gender-based violence and women's sexual and reproductive health in India both before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. It notes that intimate partner violence and unmet need for family planning were already issues, and that the pandemic is likely exacerbating problems by reducing access to services while increasing economic and mental health stresses. Specifically, it reports a large drop in institutional deliveries and anticipated lack of access to contraceptives and abortion services for millions of women due to the pandemic. The document calls for prioritizing social/behavior change programs, ensuring women's representation in COVID responses, strengthening family planning services, and developing a public health response to end violence against women.
Project on gender equality in Pakistan - ODS5Grupo Areté
🎓Asignatura: Historia de los países de habla inglesa / History of english-speaking countries.
✏ Título: Project on gender equality in Pakistan
🌏Objetivo 5: Igualdad de género y empoderamiento de la mujer / Goal 5: Gender equality and women's empowerment
By: María Valle Garrido
This document discusses family planning programs and contraceptive use in India, with a focus on the Empowered Action Group (EAG) states. It provides background on the history of family planning efforts in India and defines unmet need. The summary is:
1) Family planning programs in India began in 1952 but shifted focus from individual choice to population control in the 1960s as rapid growth concerned the government.
2) The document analyzes contraceptive use and unmet need among young, currently married rural women in 8 EAG states using data from the 2002-2004 District Level Household Survey.
3) Sterilization is the most commonly used method across the EAG states. Use of spacing and
Significance of Health Education among Adolescent GirlsQUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: Adolescence is the period of storm and stress due to rapid changes in various aspects of growth. It is the most challenging phase of development especially in the physiological aspect. Awareness on growth and development among adolescent girls is essential to build a healthy personality. It helps to prevent them from unhealthy lifestyles and teenage pregnancy. The present study focuses on analyzing the level of awareness among adolescent girls about the major physical changes like menstruation and reproduction. The sample consists of 100 adolescent girls from government and aided schools of Kerala. The study found that the awareness related to menstruation is satisfactory. But the awareness related to sex is at below average level. Thus the study highlights the need of health education among adolescents with more focus on sex education.
Gender discrimination and violence against women have existed for generations in India. While laws grant equal rights, disparities remain. Discrimination begins at infancy with son preference and female infanticide. Girls have lower literacy rates due to perceptions that education is wasted on them. As adults, women earn less than men for the same work. Violence against women includes physical, mental and emotional abuse. Solutions proposed are stricter punishments for rape, awareness and support for women, banning child marriage, and fining those who accept dowry.
Domestic violence against women (1).ppt fourth semestersultanas25
The document discusses domestic violence against women in Toronto. It provides definitions of domestic violence from the UN and notes it can include physical, sexual, emotional or psychological harm. Gender inequality is cited as a core factor. The YWCA in Toronto supports women and children experiencing domestic violence through emergency shelter, housing, counseling and advocacy. The authors interviewed a YWCA social worker and volunteered at the women's shelter to learn about their services and support for domestic violence victims.
This document defines and discusses various forms of violence against women (VAW) that occur in Pakistan. It begins by defining VAW according to international agreements. It then describes common characteristics of VAW, how it occurs across a woman's lifespan, how it is measured, relevant national and international policies/laws, and specific types of VAW prevalent in Pakistan such as domestic violence, rape, dowry-related violence, harassment, trafficking, honor killings, forced/child marriages, and denial of inheritance rights. The document provides detailed information on the nature, causes, and impacts of each type of VAW.
The Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act, 2013. How to deal with diversity at workplace. Conducting enquiry in compliant cases. Equitable justice. Vishaka Judgement and development thereafter.
Academic Freedom and Civil liberty in EducationAnna Loquinario
This document discusses academic freedom and its controversies. It provides examples of cases where academic freedom was invoked or questioned, such as a professor in the Philippines being sued by a student for failing them multiple times, and union leaders in South Africa being fired after leading strikes. It also discusses the debate around a professor's views on racial differences being criticized. The document outlines the types of academic freedom (for faculty, institutions, students) and discusses the boundaries around academic freedom, including that curriculum and teaching standards belong to the institution, not individual faculty. It concludes that while academic freedom is important, faculty still must abide by institutional standards and that their civil liberties off campus are protected but not their academic freedom in a non-academic context
The document defines and describes the key components of physical fitness, including both health-related components like flexibility, muscular strength and endurance, cardiorespiratory endurance, and body composition, as well as skill-related components such as agility, balance, coordination, power, reaction time, and speed. It notes that the definitions are taken from the PA Academic Standards for Health, Safety, and Physical Education.
This document discusses gender-based violence against women. It provides statistics on the frequency of violence against women in India, such as a woman being molested every 26 minutes. The types of violence addressed include female foeticide, child marriage, domestic violence, rape, acid attacks, and honor killings. The document also discusses the root causes of violence, including gender stereotypes, lack of women's rights, and exposure to violence in media. It provides an overview of laws in India related to domestic violence and women's rights. Finally, it suggests ways to prevent violence through changing social perceptions, education, empowering women, and strict enforcement of laws.
The document outlines the key components of physical fitness: cardiorespiratory endurance refers to efficiently delivering oxygen and nutrients while removing waste; muscular strength is the maximum force a muscle can exert; muscular endurance is repeatedly exerting sub-maximal force over time; flexibility is moving joints through their full range of motion; body composition measures body fat percentage; balance maintains position in space; reaction time processes information and initiates action; agility changes direction suddenly while moving; power generates maximum force quickly; and speed gets the body moving rapidly.
This document discusses the concept of academic freedom. It defines academic freedom as the freedom of faculty and students to teach, learn, and conduct research without fear of repression or punishment. Academic freedom is loosely protected by the first amendment in the US and is further defined by statements from organizations like the AAUP. While academic freedom is important to the mission of higher education, institutions also reserve the right to determine aspects like who can teach, what is taught, and how. There is sometimes a tension between individual academic freedom and the freedoms of the institution.
This document provides an introduction to fitness principles and testing. It defines physical fitness as the body's ability to function efficiently, consisting of health-related and skill-related components. Health-related components include body composition, aerobic endurance, flexibility, muscular strength and endurance. Skill-related components include speed, agility, balance, coordination and reaction time. It then describes the Physical Activity Pyramid and FITT principles of frequency, intensity, time and type for exercise. Finally, it outlines the Beep Test for measuring aerobic fitness and the Illinois Agility Test for measuring agility.
Physical fitness refers to the body's ability to function efficiently and carry out daily tasks, resist diseases, and handle emergencies. The main components of fitness include cardiovascular endurance, muscular endurance, strength, flexibility, and body composition. Physical fitness provides benefits such as improved heart health, weight management, better mood and reduced risks of diseases. Factors like age, gender, environment, stress levels, and illnesses can impact one's level of fitness.
This document discusses healthy eating and exercise habits. It recommends eating a variety of fruits and vegetables, whole grains, healthy fats and proteins while limiting sugar, salt, and refined grains. For exercise, it suggests getting at least 150 minutes of moderate activity or 75 minutes of vigorous activity per week to stay healthy. Small, gradual lifestyle changes are emphasized over strict diets or unrealistic goals. Moderation, balance and listening to your body are keys to healthy living.
This document discusses effective reading strategies and activities for language learners. It emphasizes that reading should be an interactive and engaging skill where students are encouraged to respond to and discuss what they read. It also highlights several important reading strategies like skimming, scanning, predicting, and extensive reading. The document concludes that reading provides opportunities to improve students' language skills while stimulating discussion.
This presentation discusses concepts of women empowerment including its meaning and how it works. Empowerment refers to increasing the spiritual, political, social, or economic strength of individuals and communities. It involves developing confidence in one's own capacities. Women empowerment is the process by which women challenge gender-based discrimination and gain control over their own lives. The values of an empowered woman include improving personal knowledge, self-defining power, personal power, authenticity, creativity, physical strength, equality, mutuality in relationships, economic independence, women identification, freedom from oppression, and having political power in society. Women empowerment programs aim to create attitudinal changes and legal reforms to promote equal citizenship and decision-making power for women
PPT ON WOMEN EMPOWERMENT, empowerment,india, ppt on women empowerment,women,women empowerment,rights, women rights, powerpoint presentation on women empowerment, women empowerment in India, government policies on women empowerment
Going Native: The Anthropology of Mobile AppsJosh Clark
My talk from IDEA 2010: Think of mobile OS platforms as cultures. Deciding which platform to target and how to design for each—whether web or native—doesn't hinge only on tech specs or audience reach. In an era where consumers suddenly perceive mobile apps as richly personal, where software is content instead of tool—culture matters.
Women empowerment unit-iii- Problems and Challenges in indiaDr. Mani Madhavan
Women and Education
Women and Health
Women and Economy
Women and Politics
A woman’s lack of education also has a negative impact on the health and wellbeing of her children. For instance, a recent survey in India found that infant mortality was inversely related to mother’s educational level
Project Report on "Women Safety and Empowerment"Abhishek Suman
The document proposes a new system to improve women's safety and empowerment in India through a joint venture between government and NGOs. It would feature a four-tier structure from the national to village level, with women-led departments and committees. Key roles would include conducting surveys, implementing awareness programs, and efficiently addressing crimes and social issues faced by women. The new model aims to directly involve women at all levels to better understand and resolve their challenges within the legal framework.
This document proposes a 4-tier system to empower women and ensure their safety in India. It would have governing bodies at the panchayat, district, state, and national levels to oversee programs. Additional female representatives and departments focused solely on women's issues would be established. Non-governmental organizations would partner to implement awareness campaigns and training programs. The goal is to make women feel empowered to report issues without hesitation through a system that is dedicated to their welfare from the local to national levels.
The document discusses issues related to women's empowerment and safety in India. It provides statistics showing high levels of domestic violence, female feticide, rape, and illiteracy among women. It then proposes a solution to implement a joint government and non-government organization controlled system with four tiers from the national to local block level to oversee programs for women's empowerment and safety. Key roles and authorities at each level are outlined.
The document discusses the status of women's health and education in the Jari Mari slum area in Mumbai. It finds that most women are illiterate, suffer from diseases like malnutrition, and face domestic violence. Educated women have higher rates of healthcare, fewer children, and more are employed. However, government services like schools and hospitals are poor quality. Recommendations include increasing educational programs for all, improving health services, offering skill development programs, and conducting more awareness campaigns. Overall, empowering women through education and healthcare access could help uplift the community.
Given the predominantly patriarchal
setup in the country, the health and
education of a girl child is highly
neglected. Special programmes have
indeed been initiated to stop early
marriages and reduce school dropout
rates. But a lot more needs to be done.
Health & Education
of Girl Child in
India: An Increasing
Concern
– Dr Vibhuti Patel
Rooted problem of gender discrimination and immense ignoranceAditi Sinha
The document discusses various issues related to women empowerment in India, including gender discrimination, female literacy rates, women's health issues, and crimes against women like dowry deaths and rape. It notes that while India has made progress in many areas, gender discrimination persists in many parts of society and mindsets. Female literacy rates and access to healthcare vary greatly between states and regions of India. The document calls for initiatives to improve education for girls, healthcare access for women, and safety measures to protect women from crimes.
The document discusses the rooted problem of gender discrimination and ignorance towards women's empowerment in India. It summarizes that:
1) India remains a male-dominated society where women are often seen as subordinate and inferior, despite some opportunities for women in everyday life, business, and politics.
2) Discrimination against females begins from birth and continues throughout their lives, whether it be in access to healthcare, education, child marriage practices, or other spheres.
3) Overcoming these deep-rooted issues requires recognizing domains of work like capabilities, access to resources and opportunities, and security from violence, as well as leadership, political will, and strategic efforts to change societal mindsets and institutions over
Women face many challenges related to their gender globally and in the Philippines. Women are often underrepresented in certain fields and occupations. They experience pay gaps and are more likely to work in vulnerable employment. In the Philippines specifically, women make up a large percentage of the poor and underemployed. While literacy rates are higher for women, fewer continue on to secondary and post-secondary education. Women also face issues in accessing health care services and have higher rates of teenage pregnancy. Violence against women remains a major problem worldwide. However, the Philippines has made progress in promoting gender equality through laws and greater political representation of women.
Sex ratio is defined as the number of females per 1000 males and is an important social indicator of gender equity. India's sex ratio has declined over time and is currently below 1000 females per 1000 males in many states according to the 2001 Census. This decline is due to a preference for sons over daughters which has led to female infanticide and sex-selective abortions of over 2000 unborn girls per day in India. Addressing this imbalance requires educating women, changing social attitudes towards daughters, enforcing laws against sex determination, and implementing government programs to support families with girls.
Domestic violence in Southeast Asia- a special reference to TripuraJoyshree Ghosh
This present work is based on secondary method of research, some personal observation and recommendations are made in this regard, the objective of study is to understand the trend of domestic violence in Southeast Asia as well as in Tripura, and to know the causes and impact and also to provide suggestive measures.
Sex Education to Indian Adolescents – Need of the Houriosrjce
This document discusses the need for comprehensive sex education for Indian adolescents. It notes that India has a large adolescent population but parents and society are reluctant to discuss sexuality openly. While adolescents are curious about physical changes during puberty, they lack guidance, leading some to seek information from unreliable sources like pornography. Sex education could help address issues like teenage pregnancy, sexual abuse, and India's HIV epidemic by empowering youth with knowledge about safe and responsible behavior. However, introducing sex education remains controversial in India. The document argues that a single chapter in the school curriculum could help address the lack of reliable information available to many Indian adolescents.
Background: Violence is among the leading cause of death worldwide widely for people aged 15-49 years. Domestic violence is a common global problem, which is usually hidden from the public view that affects every individual. World widely, 40-70% of females are murdered by their intimate partner. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used and eighty married women were selected using probability systematic sampling technique from Kawasoti-13, Nawalparasi. Data was collected by using a structured interview schedule to find out the awareness regarding domestic violence. Data entry was done by IBM SPSS version 20. Results: The overall finding of the study revealed that the mean age of the respondent was 37.64±8.973 years, 97.5% of respondents followed Hinduism, 76.3% were literate. Among literate 31.14% had completed basic education, 58.8% respondents were involved in agriculture and 60 % respondents belong to nuclear families. Only 31.3 % participated in the awareness program. About 47.5% had previously experienced domestic violence. Women’s knowledge was higher on meaning higher knowledge on causes, types, and management of domestic violence whereas lower knowledge on laws of domestic violence. More than half 57.5% had adequate awareness regarding domestic violence. Conclusion: Based on the finding it can be concluded that nearly half of the married women had inadequate awareness regarding domestic violence. Therefore domestic violence awareness programs should be conducted at the community level for women to upgrade the level of awareness regarding domestic violence.
This document discusses female foeticide in India. It summarizes that:
1) Female foeticide is widespread in India, where technologies allow parents to determine and selectively abort female fetuses, skewing the sex ratio.
2) Cultural and religious factors contribute to the lower status of women in India and preference for male children, fueling female foeticide.
3) Laws banning sex determination have had little impact due to lack of implementation and medical professionals' role in the practice. Widespread change in attitudes and empowering women is needed to address this issue.
Gender Issues projct.pptx for english projectSanjayvargheese
This document discusses various gender issues in India. It begins with acknowledging those who helped with the project. It then defines gender issues and discusses the main causes of gender inequality in India. Several types of gender issues are examined in more detail, including issues with education access, gender-based violence, human trafficking, and feminism. Real life incidents of gender issues are also described. The document concludes with a summary that gender issues affect both men and women in different ways.
The document discusses various issues facing the girl child in Indian society, from female feticide and infanticide to discrimination in education and child marriage. Some key points:
1) Female fetuses are often selectively aborted through sex determination tests, and female infants are still abandoned or killed by the dozens.
2) Society views girls as a burden due to dowry costs and the expectation that they will eventually belong to another family.
3) Despite laws, girls face discrimination and lack of access to education. Many are pulled out of school early or not allowed to pursue higher education. Child marriage also remains a problem.
Assessment and Analysis of the Overall Situation of Women and Children: Bangl...Premier Publishers
This document provides an overview of the situation of women and children in Bangladesh. It discusses several issues they face such as high maternal mortality, malnutrition, domestic violence, lack of access to healthcare and education, child marriage, and poverty. Several organizations are working to address these challenges. The government and UNICEF are working to increase access to education for girls and provide maternal healthcare. Programs also aim to reduce child marriage and malnutrition. While progress has been made, many women and children in Bangladesh still face significant hardships. More efforts are needed to promote their rights and improve overall living conditions.
The document discusses using sentiment analysis to improve healthcare for women in India. It analyzes surveys and tweets to understand prevailing health issues among women and social opinions on these issues. If sentiment analysis finds positive sentiment around issues like thyroid problems and stress, awareness programs will be created around these topics through emails, SMS, blogs or websites. The system aims to focus on current health issues faced by many women and increase impact of awareness programs. Sentiment analysis provides insight into patient perspectives to help healthcare organizations better understand how to improve performance.
Sentiment analysis for improving healthcare system for womeniosrjce
The system proposes a feedback mechanism wherein, sentiment analysis is performed from surveys
and tweets based on prevailing health issues among adult women in India and the social opinion on prevalent
health issues is analyzed, and measures are taken to create awareness using email, SMS, blog, forum posts or
web site posts. The system focuses on study of opinions and subjects discussed in the forum. Sentiment analysis
is performed on this genre and if positive emotions are asserted, then awareness programs can be initiated for
Thyroid issues and Stress Control. Periodically current issues are initiated and Sentiment analysis is performed,
consequently awareness initiatives are created. Thereby, helping the performance improvement of healthcare
initiatives. This awareness initiative helps concentrating on current health issues that are widespread and if the
reach of such awareness programs is better, then the awareness created may have high impact amid the middle
aged women
This document discusses increasing youth employability by focusing on three main types of employability skills: basic academic skills like reading and writing; higher-order thinking skills such as problem solving and decision making; and personal qualities including self-confidence, social skills, and a good work attitude. It notes that the real challenge for employers is finding workers with these job readiness skills and recommends teaching employability skills through involving parents, providing opportunities to observe workplaces, and designing classrooms to mimic real work settings.
This document proposes solutions to improve primary education in India. It discusses four solutions: 1) A parallel primary education network run by volunteer youth, 2) Promoting the use of technology in schools, 3) Public-private partnerships to enhance schools, and 4) Enriching learning through hands-on methods. Each solution includes steps for implementation and discusses the potential impacts and challenges. The overall goal is to address issues like high dropout rates and low learning levels in Indian primary education.
This document proposes a 3-tier skill development framework to address India's shortage of 1.2 crore jobs per year for the next decade. It involves (1) 6-month skill courses for unemployed graduates run through public-private partnerships, (2) mandatory career counseling and 100-day apprenticeships for secondary students, and (3) extended skill and apprenticeship programs for school dropouts aged 14+. This framework aims to provide industry-relevant skills while reducing costs through private sector involvement. It could help direct workers towards new job markets and improve productivity across the economy. Challenges include gaining political and institutional support, but the document argues these can be addressed through awareness campaigns and leveraging existing IT infrastructure.
The document proposes a new model to address India's high rates of malnutrition among children. It identifies several key factors contributing to malnutrition, including poor nutrition of mothers, lack of information and education, and poverty. The proposed multi-pronged solution focuses on improving anganwadi centers and ICDS programs, promoting biofortified crops, reforming PDS to reduce leakage, and increasing women's empowerment. It aims to provide a more holistic, sustainable, and cost-effective approach to fighting malnutrition across India.
The document discusses the issue of youth unemployment in India and provides recommendations to improve employability. It notes that youth unemployment is one of India's largest challenges and that awareness has increased around this issue. Several statistics on unemployment rates in India are presented. The document advocates for initiatives and policies that develop skills, encourage hands-on learning, and link education to employment opportunities to help boost youth employability and reduce unemployment.
The document discusses India's Public Distribution System (PDS), which aims to provide essential commodities like food grains, sugar, and kerosene to vulnerable groups at subsidized prices. It outlines the objectives and flow of PDS from farmers to fair price shops. Key points covered include the targeted beneficiaries and their entitlements under PDS, the challenges of leakage and exclusion of poor families, and efforts to monitor movement of supplies from depots to shops.
The document proposes solutions to increase transparency in India's Public Distribution System (PDS). It outlines problems like corruption and diversion of goods from PDS outlets. The team's proposed solutions include implementing an ERP system to integrate PDS departments, using mobile updates to track goods delivery, and introducing smart cards with Aadhaar details for citizens to purchase rations. This would allow transparent monitoring of distribution and prevent illegal sale of goods. The team aims to build on these ideas to improve the system and create a more open and reliable PDS for people across India.
Primary education in India faces several challenges, including low enrollment and attendance rates, high dropout rates before 5th grade, and poor quality of education especially in rural areas and for girls. The government has implemented various programs to address these issues, such as the District Primary Education Program, Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan, and Operation Blackboard. New initiatives like the Right to Education Act aim to increase access to private schools for underprivileged children. However, improving teacher training and classroom practices will be needed to truly enhance educational quality and outcomes for Indian children.
Drinking water is essential for life but can become contaminated through various sources, posing health risks. Sanitation through hygienic prevention of contact with waste is important for public health. In India, many lack access to clean drinking water and proper sanitation, which can have serious health repercussions like diarrhea, skin diseases, and various infections. The government has undertaken programs to improve rural sanitation and clean water access, but challenges remain in fully achieving these goals.
The document summarizes a study conducted on brain gain in India. It provides details of the study team and methodology used. Key findings include that brain drain has led to gain in four technological areas - ICT, biotechnology, pharmaceuticals, and agriculture. Most returnees expressed satisfaction with returning to India and had increased qualifications and responsibilities. Suggestions are made to replicate successful state models, improve policies in education, research and industry, and provide incentives to attract more returnees. In conclusion, the study counters myths about brain drain and suggests further research on the value of migration options and effects on institutional development.
The document discusses strategies to improve access to justice in India. At the grassroots level, it proposes creating legal awareness programs, conducting legal aid camps, and establishing legal aid cells run by trained paralegal volunteers. It also aims to strengthen the education system. At the administrative level, the document seeks to reduce case backlogs, appoint more judges, establish additional courts, and implement e-courts and information technology systems. Ensuring timely justice for all citizens across India requires empowering people at the grassroots level through legal awareness as well as positive changes to the administrative system such as reducing delays in the courts.
This document discusses women's empowerment in India. It defines empowerment as gaining power, authority, and influence through having decision-making ability, access to resources and information, positive thinking, and skills. It notes that empowering women is key to global development goals. While women faced social evils historically like sati and child marriage, independence brought efforts to uplift women through education. Literacy and sex ratios have risen in recent decades. Women now participate in all sectors of society, showing their empowerment has occurred through increased participation and access to resources leading to improved status. The empowerment of women is important for families and productivity.
The document discusses key challenges facing the North Eastern states of India, including insurgency, lack of infrastructure, and poor governance. It argues that developing tourism and border trade could help address high unemployment and low GDP in the region by generating jobs and revenue. Specifically, the region has great potential for eco and adventure tourism due to its natural beauty and cultural heritage. Border trade could revive local industries and provide access to new markets, fulfilling the goals of India's "Look East" policy. However, more work is still needed to improve infrastructure and overcome security challenges and isolationist mindsets that have hindered economic development.
Rural India faces significant challenges in providing safe drinking water and sanitation to its large population. Despite significant investments, many rural Indians still lack access to these basic services. Open defecation and waterborne diseases remain widespread problems, negatively impacting public health, education, and economic productivity. Effective solutions will require a multipronged approach including education, community participation, improved infrastructure, and strategies that address the unique needs of both rural and urban areas.
This document proposes changes to the system in India to empower women and ensure their safety and equality. It identifies issues such as jurisdiction problems, lack of evidence, and fear of lodging complaints that prevent crimes against women from being properly addressed. It recommends establishing a women's crime cell to anonymously register complaints, hiring more women in law enforcement, providing self-defense training, educating rural women on their rights, and implementing stricter laws around crimes targeting women. The proposals aim to improve women's mobility, access to resources, decision-making power, and security overall.
This document describes a project called "Sahas: Ek Prayas" aimed at ensuring women's safety and empowerment. The team is from B.P. Poddar Institute of Management and Technology and includes 5 members. The document notes alarming statistics about crimes against women in India such as rapes, dowry deaths, and human trafficking. It states the project's priorities are to educate, empower, and employ women. The proposed solution has two levels: Atma-Suraksha focuses on self-help through distributing self-defense kits and training, while Sarvasva Suraksha aims to improve safety at the community level through vocational training and educational technology.
The document outlines a 5-step plan by a team to improve research and innovation (REIN) in education. The team aims to include REIN as a subject, make projects mandatory, filter the top projects, and hold a REIN festival to showcase projects. The goal is to address issues like poor education quality, lack of funds, and brain drain by promoting research and innovation from the school to national level.
The document discusses malnutrition in India and proposes strategies to address it. It notes that India has high levels of malnutrition, with over 40% of the world's underweight children under 5 living in India. It analyzes the current situation, noting that India lacks a comprehensive national program to eradicate malnutrition. The root causes of malnutrition are intergenerational and interconnected, stemming from poverty, lack of women's empowerment, insufficient access to nutritious food and healthcare. It proposes specific nutrition interventions and monitoring strategies to combat malnutrition through a multi-sectoral approach.
The document discusses a program initiated by students from the College of Engineering, Pune to enhance the quality of primary education. As part of the program, the students visited areas with low education facilities and identified problems like lack of proper infrastructure, dull teaching methods, and economic barriers. Their objectives are to provide quality education, overall student development, and create awareness about education quality. Some of their proposed solutions include improving teacher training, making learning more interactive, focusing on students' health and extracurricular activities, and using community outreach and media to promote awareness.
This document provides details about the public distribution system (PDS) in India, including:
1) An overview of the key components of PDS such as fair price shops, distribution of items like food grains, kerosene, and other essential commodities.
2) Details about the procurement and allocation processes with organizations like FCI responsible for food grains and other groups handling other items.
3) Background on why PDS was established in India due to factors like drought, famine, war, inflation, market imperfections, and poverty.
The document contains several tables and charts providing statistical data about PDS operations in India and the state of Chhattisgarh.
More from Citizens for Accountable Governance (20)
2. • Scope :
WOMEN EDUCATION : After 60 years of independence, 1 in 3 women in India are still illiterate. There is a wide gender disparity in the literacy rate in
India: effective literacy rates (age 7 and above) in 2011 were 82.14% for men and 65.46% for women. Although the tread of women education is increasing,
it‘s needs to be promoted more for a better and improved empowerment of women.
PHYSICAL ABUSE : About 10% of all the crimes committed in the country are those of women abuse. Domestic violence in India is endemic and
widespread predominantly against women. Around 70% of women in India are victims of domestic violence. National Crime Records Bureau reveal that a
crime against a woman is committed every three minutes, a woman is raped every 29 minutes, a dowry death occurs every 77 minutes, and one case of cruelty
committed by either the husband or relative of the victim occurs every 9 minutes. This all occurs despite the fact that women in India are legally protected
from domestic abuse under the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act. Nationally, 8% of married women have been subject to sexual violence,
such as forced sex, 31% of married women have been physically abused in a way defined as ‗less severe‘, such as slapping or punching, while 10% have
suffered ‗severe domestic violence‘, such as burning or attack with a weapon. Also, 12% of those who report being physically abused report the following
injuries as a result of the violence: bruises , injury, sprains, dislocation or burns, wounds, broken bones or broken teeth and /or severe burns.
Continued…
3. MENSTRUAL HYGIENE : In India women have progressed, rising from the darkness of social confinement, they are now walking head to
head in this prejudiced society. However, even amidst this encouraging picture a very grim reality has recently emerged. Women‘s hygiene and
sanitation concerns have worsened, even in these times of medical progress. According to latest reports in a leading daily, only 12%
of menstruating women use Sanitary Napkins. Thus, the remaining 88% use home-grown shocking alternatives like husk sand, un sanitized cloth
and ashes. A study conducted by AC Neilsen called ―Sanitation protection: Every Women’s Health Right‖, provides in depth analysis of the
prevalent unhygienic practices and their effect on women‘s health. The survey covers 1033 women in the menstrual age and 151 gynecologists
who studied them. Reviewed and endorsed by community development organization Plan India, the survey was conducted in October 2010.
4. WOMEN
ILLETRACY
Low female literacy rate means an
overall sluggish growth of India, as
it impacts every arena of the
development. India is struggling
hard to stabilize its growing
population through family planning
programs. But if females are
illiterate, then this has a direct and
negative impact on these initiatives.
It has been found out that illiterate
women face more hardships in life
than literate ones. They have high
levels of fertility as well as mortality;
they suffer from malnutrition and all
other related health problems. She,
who does not know the importance of
education in life, does not emphasize
the same for her kids.
The negative attitude of parents towards
the girl child and her education is one
of the major reasons of low female
literacy rate in India. Right from the
beginning, parents do not consider girls
as earning members of their family, as
after marriage they have to leave their
parents‘ home.
Another barrier to female
education in India is the lack of
female teachers. As India is a
gender segregated society, it is
a very important factor in the
low female literacy rate in
India.
ABUSING AND
TORTURE
A recent G-20 survey ranked India
as the worst place to be a woman.
Female feticide, domestic violence,
sexual harassment and other forms
of gender-based violence constitute
the reality of most girls‘ and
women‘s lives in India. That
domestic violence in India and
globally is grossly under-reported
in surveys and to the police is well
known.
The disparity in reporting of domestic
violence ranges from a difference of
around 6% for Himachal Pradesh to a
high of 58% in Bihar—that is, in
Bihar, half of domestic violence cases
reported in surveys are not reported to
the police. Southern India with greater
gender ‗fairness‘ has large gaps (44%
in Tamil Nadu, 32% in Andhra
Pradesh and 20% in Karnataka).
Even within the national survey, the
severity of violence is likely to be
under-emphasized because the
correlation between injuries sustained
as a result of domestic violence varies
very little between severe and less
severe instances of abuse. In other
words, those reporting ‗less severe‘
abuse may in fact be suffering far more.
Despite the provision for the
anti-dowry law 304(B) (to
prosecute deaths due to dowry
harassment) to be read
alongside 498(A) (to prosecute
domestic violence), this is
frequently not the case,
particularly in Bihar, Uttar
Pradesh and Orissa.
MENSTRUAL
HEALTH
According to a survey, 68% of
adolescent girls said their first
choice was cloths, while 32% said
it was sanitary pads. Use of such
cloths is harmful to the hygiene of
Women. Improving quality of life
with new menstrual hygiene
practices among adolescent tribal
girls is a major issue in India.
23% of girls drop out of school after
they start menstruating. Due to such
grossly practices, over 70% of the
women have some kind of
Reproductive Tract Infection (RTI) in
their lifetime.
Menstrual hygiene is lowest in eastern
India with 83% women saying their
families can‘t afford SNs. Thus,
affordability of such protective
measures becomes a big question.
According to UNICEF – for the period
2003-08, the maternal mortality rate in
India is almost 250 deaths/1000
females
Unhygienic practices could lead
to ascending infections. Nearly
97% gynecologists in the study
believed that use of napkins
reduced the risk of severe RTIs.
Around 64% of them also
believed that STs reduce the
risk of cervical cancer.
A FEW DETAILS OF SOME OF THE PROBLEMS FACED BY WOMEN IN INDIA
5. SUGGESTED SOLUTIONS TO THE DESCRIBED PROBLEMS
Availability of schools for girls.
Sector Ninth Plan Outlay (1972-2002) (Central (Sector) Tenth Plan Outlay (2002-2007) (Central Sector)
Elementary Education
66
(163969)
67
(287500)
Secondary Education
10
(26035)
10
(43250)
Adult Education
3
(6304)
3
(12500)
Higher Education
10
(25000)
8
(36070)
Others
2
(4314)
2
(6180)
Technical Education
9
(23735)
10
(43000)
Total
100
(249084)
100
(428500)
Plan Expenditure on Different Sectors of Education10
Source: Year Plan Documents, Planning Commission and Analysis of Budget Expenditure, Ministry of HRD.
Figures in parenthesis in millions of Rupees.
Figure in col. 2 to col. 11 includes the share of the States / UTs.
Included under Elementary Education
Essential elements of quality education for girls
• Schools – is a school within a reasonable distance; does it have proper facilities for girls; is it a safe environment and commute; is it free of violence? If not, parents are unlikely to ever
send their daughter to school.
• Teachers – is there a teacher; are they skilled; do they have appropriate teaching materials? Is it a female teacher? Are there policies to recruit teachers from minority communities? If
not, girls may not learn as much at school and drop out.
• Students – is she healthy enough; does she feel safe; is she free from the burden of household chores or the need to work to supplement the family income; is there a water source
close by? If not, she may never have a chance to go to school.
• Families – does she have healthy parents who can support a family; does her family value education for girls; can her family afford the cost of schooling? If not, economic necessity
may keep her at home.
• Societies – will the family’s and the girl’s standing in the community rise with an education; will new opportunities open up? If not, an education may not be in the family’s interest.
• Governments – does the government provide adequate resources to offer sufficient school places; do salaries reach the teachers; do teachers receive quality training; is the
government drawing in other agencies to maximize the provision of schooling; is there a clear strategy and budget based on the specific situation faced by girls? If not, the conditions
above are unlikely to be fulfilled.
6. PLAN OF ACTION TO IMPLEMENT WOMEN SAFETY
If exposure to domestic violence
is any indicator of quality of life,
these figures reveal that the
advances in lifestyles for women
in southern and north-eastern
India over their counterparts in
northern India seem to be
eroding: above-average levels of
violence are reported in Tamil
Nadu and Andhra Pradesh as well
as in Arunachal Pradesh and
Manipur.
The current levels of abuse that many married women across India endure are scandalous and measures must be
put in place to rectify them.
Despite the provision
for the anti-dowry
law 304(B) (to
prosecute deaths due
to dowry
harassment) to be
read alongside
498(A) (to prosecute
domestic violence),
this is frequently not
the case, particularly
in Bihar, Uttar
Pradesh and Orissa.
7. WAYS INCREASE MENSTRUAL HYGIENE TO WOMEN
The development of affordable sanitary napkins and other protection materials used for menstrual hygiene of good quality, which can be produced in
the developing countries. For the production of sanitary napkins the use of locally available materials (such as papyrus, sisal, etc.) must be sought and
used as much as possible. Moreover, it is essential that producers of sanitary napkins are willing to transfer their advanced technology to locally
established small businesses that will produce the sanitary napkins.
The search for ‗new‘ markets (target groups) by active involvement of women‘s organizations and other stakeholders, such as community–based
organisations (CBOs), local ‗significant‘ women, health care staff, etc. Connect as much as possible with existing, promising local initiatives and
encourage the development, manufacturing and
commercialization of locally produced menstrual protection products. Provide information in schools about personal and menstrual hygiene within
the framework of comprehensive sexual education‘, not only to boys and girls, but also to male and female teachers.
Provide girls who are starting to menstruate or have already begun their menstruation with menstrual hygiene protection material for free or at least at
an affordable price, particularly in the higher forms of primary (grade 4 & 5) and secondary education.
This will encourage permanent school attendance of girls and contribute to the prevention of child marriages. Who are important partners?
For the production of affordable and ecologically–friendly sanitary napkins and other protection alternatives used for menstrual hygiene, partners at
different levels are needed:
The private (corporate) sector, in particular producers and exporters of sanitary napkins and waste handling and packaging companies.
Their participation will be vital to expedite success:
For the transfer of expertise and
a. technology that need to be made locally applicable, by using simple, small–scale and easily operable machines;
b. To teach in particular women in developing countries about their technology;
c. To invest, so that women can establish businesses. CONTINUED…..
8. ALTERNATIVES :
Easy to use
The Lunette menstrual cup is as easy-to-use as a non-applicator tampon. Simply fold and insert.
Hygienic & Safe
Lunette menstrual cup doesn’t absorb moisture like tampons or cause sweating like pads. Lunette is made of soft medical grade silicone, not of rubber latex.
Economical
The average woman spends between $48 – 84 per year on disposable tampons and pads. The Lunette is a one-time cost that will last for years. That saves you a
chunk of money!
Environmentally friendly
A Lunette menstrual cup is an eco-thing. It will last for years and during the cup's lifespan, there will be no waste to dispose of – no accumulation of plastic
applicators, wrappers or bio-waste from used tampons and pads.
9. Recommendations for improving women education :
If education must serve the society, it must produce people who carry much more than certificates. It must produce people, both normal and exceptional ones, with the right types
of knowledge, ability and attitude to put them to work for the good of the society. It is therefore imperative that in order to improve the educational base of the typical Nigerian woman and by
extension her socio-political and economic status, government, community leaders, parents, professional guidance counsellors and other stakeholders should take cognizance of the following
recommendations:
1. All stakeholders in women affairs and development should focus on the provision of formal education to women as well as improve their
working conditions while at the same time facilitating their access to resources like land, credit and technology as a way of reducing
unemployment/ underemployment among women.
2. The government and other stakeholders in women affairs and development should strive to create conducive enabling, socio-political and
economic conditions which will discourage early marriage, societal preference for male children and the traditional belief that the position of
a woman is in the kitchen.
3. Parents and opinion leaders should encourage the members of the female sex to be more enterprising in their educational pursuit as a way of
contributing meaningfully to national development.
4. Government should be more forthcoming in terms of women empowerment policy formulation and implementation especially in term of
legislating against obnoxious customs and practices which are detrimental to women‘s optimal functionality and wellbeing, like legislating
against harmful widowhood practices.
5. Government should fund counselling centers at all levels of Nigerian education system adequately to enable counsellors provide all round
functional guidance and counselling to parents and other stakeholders. This is imperative if all concerned must be assisted to see the female
child first as a human being with all assets capable of immeasurable achievements.
10. Key issues and linkages related to women empowerment :
Reproductive health: Women, for both physiological and social reasons, are more vulnerable than men to reproductive health problems.
Reproductive health problems, including maternal mortality and morbidity, represent a major – but preventable -- cause of death and
disability for women in developing countries. Failure to provide information, services and conditions to help women protect their
reproduction health therefore constitutes gender-based discrimination and a violation of women‘s rights to health and life.
Stewardship of natural resources: Women in developing nations are usually in charge of securing water, food and fuel and of overseeing
family health and diet. Therefore, they tend to put into immediate practice whatever they learn about nutrition and preserving the environment
and natural resources.
Economic empowerment: More women than men live in poverty. Economic disparities persist partly because much of the unpaid work within
families and communities falls on the shoulders of women and because they face discrimination in the economic sphere.
Educational empowerment: About two thirds of the illiterate adults in the world are female. Higher levels of women's education are strongly
associated with both lower infant mortality and lower fertility, as well as with higher levels of education and economic opportunity for their
children.
Political empowerment: Social and legal institutions still do not guarantee women equality in basic legal and human rights, in access to or
control of land or other resources, in employment and earning, and social and political participation. Laws against domestic violence are often
not enforced on behalf of women.
Empowerment throughout the life cycle: Reproductive health is a lifetime concern for both women and men, from infancy to old age.
11. Obstacles to overcome :
It is to be noted, in particular, that the success of the Plan depends on the understanding that planning; at all levels must be appropriate
when confronting problems such as:
i.the absence of political will of certain partners;
ii.the dangers of marginalization of the process internationally as well as internationally;
iii.the absence of target group involvement in the development and use of material, processes and policies;
iv.the potential use of unsuitable methodologies;
v.the lack of training of many participants;
vi.the insufficiency of co-ordination and co-operation between the national, regional and international levels;
vii.the occasional tendency to confine human rights education to the legal profession;
viii.the lack of a multidisciplinary approach;
ix.the resistance to change provoked by new relationships based on human rights.
THE 5 AREAS OF CONCERN :
1). FORMAL SECTOR EMPLOYMENT & LIVELIHOOD
2). EQUAL PARTICIPATION IN DECISION – MAKING
3). ELIMINATION OF VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN & CHILDREN
4). ACCESS TO BASIC SERVICES
5). WOMEN & THE LAW
a. Review of Legislation
There is a need to review some legislation to be more gender sensitive and to comply with the requirements of CEDAW, MDGs and other international
and regional commitments.
b. Human Rights awareness programmes for men and women including the disabled;
c. Access to Justice and Legal Services for all women in rural and remote areas.
12. APPENDIX
1. Bibhudatta Pradhan (19 July 2007). "Patil Poised to Become India's First Female
President". Bloomberg.com. Retrieved 20 July 2007.
2. "Human Development Report". United Nations Development Programme. 2013. p. 156.
3. "The Global Gender Gap Report 2012". World Economic Forum. pp. 10–11.
4."Rajya Sabha passes Women's Reservation Bill". Chennai, India: The Hindu. 10 March 2010.
Retrieved 25 August 2010.
5."Rajya Sabha passes Women's Reservation Bill". The Hindu. Retrieved 25 August 2010.
6.Jayapalan (2001). Indian society and social institutions. Atlantic Publishers & District. "Women in
History". National Resource Center for Women. Retrieved 24 December 2006.
7. http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2012/12/2012122991735307545.html
8. http://www.deccanherald.com/content/197720/india-home-unspeakable-crimes-against.html
9. http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-03-08/patna/37560490_1_international-women-s-
day-women-empowerment-bhrc
10.India is fourth most dangerous place in the world for women, India Today