The document discusses the rooted problem of gender discrimination and ignorance towards women's empowerment in India. It summarizes that:
1) India remains a male-dominated society where women are often seen as subordinate and inferior, despite some opportunities for women in everyday life, business, and politics.
2) Discrimination against females begins from birth and continues throughout their lives, whether it be in access to healthcare, education, child marriage practices, or other spheres.
3) Overcoming these deep-rooted issues requires recognizing domains of work like capabilities, access to resources and opportunities, and security from violence, as well as leadership, political will, and strategic efforts to change societal mindsets and institutions over
Deficit of Girls in India
Dr. Vibhuti Patel, Director, Dept. of P.G. Studies & Research
Professor & Head, Department of Economics,
SNDT Women’s University, Churchgate, Mumbai-400020.
E-mail- vibhuti.np@gmail.com Phone-91-022-26770227, mobile-9321040048
Selective elimination of female foetuses and selection of male at a preconception stage contributes to more and more ‘missing girls’. Legacy of continuing declining sex ratio in India in the history of Census of India has taken new turn with widespread use of NRTs in India. NRTs are based on principle of selection of the desirable and rejection of the unwanted. In India, the desirable is the baby boy and the unwanted is the baby girl. The result is obvious. The Census results of 2001 have revealed that with sex ratio of 927 girls for 1000 boys, India had deficit of 60 lakh girls in age-group of 0-6 years, when it entered the new millennium.
Female infanticide was practiced among selected communities, while the abuse of NRTs has become a generalised phenomenon encompassing all communities irrespective of caste, class, religious, educational and ethnic backgrounds. Demographers, population control lobby, anthropologists, economists, legal experts, medical fraternity and feminists are divided in their opinions about gender implications of NRTs. NRTs, in the context of patriarchal control over women’s fertility and commercial interests are posing major threat to women’s dignity and bodily integrity. The supporters of sex selective abortions put forward the argument of “Women’s Choice” as if women’s choices are made in social vacuum. In this context, the crucial question is- Can we allow Asian girls to become an endangered species?
Asian countries are undergoing a demographic transition of low death and birth rates in their populations. The nation-states in S. Asia are vigorously promoting small family norms. India has adopted two-child norm and China has ruthlessly imposed ‘one child per family’ rule. Sex ratios in Europe, North America, Caribbean, Central Asia, the poorest region- sub Saharan Africa are not favourable to women as these countries neither kill / neglect girls nor do they use (New Reproductive Technologies) NRTs for production of sons.
Gender based discrimination against female children is pervasive across the world. It is seen in all the class of society and manifests in various forms.
Be connect locally , Please create your own groups location wise
Please create an application , which makes safety
Please come and join me for this change, we can create and start
MY FRIENDS
MY SOCIETY MY TEAM MY RESPONSIBILITY
https://www.linkedin.com/in/tharak-chowdhary-914616b5/
DreamsCount
Deficit of Girls in India
Dr. Vibhuti Patel, Director, Dept. of P.G. Studies & Research
Professor & Head, Department of Economics,
SNDT Women’s University, Churchgate, Mumbai-400020.
E-mail- vibhuti.np@gmail.com Phone-91-022-26770227, mobile-9321040048
Selective elimination of female foetuses and selection of male at a preconception stage contributes to more and more ‘missing girls’. Legacy of continuing declining sex ratio in India in the history of Census of India has taken new turn with widespread use of NRTs in India. NRTs are based on principle of selection of the desirable and rejection of the unwanted. In India, the desirable is the baby boy and the unwanted is the baby girl. The result is obvious. The Census results of 2001 have revealed that with sex ratio of 927 girls for 1000 boys, India had deficit of 60 lakh girls in age-group of 0-6 years, when it entered the new millennium.
Female infanticide was practiced among selected communities, while the abuse of NRTs has become a generalised phenomenon encompassing all communities irrespective of caste, class, religious, educational and ethnic backgrounds. Demographers, population control lobby, anthropologists, economists, legal experts, medical fraternity and feminists are divided in their opinions about gender implications of NRTs. NRTs, in the context of patriarchal control over women’s fertility and commercial interests are posing major threat to women’s dignity and bodily integrity. The supporters of sex selective abortions put forward the argument of “Women’s Choice” as if women’s choices are made in social vacuum. In this context, the crucial question is- Can we allow Asian girls to become an endangered species?
Asian countries are undergoing a demographic transition of low death and birth rates in their populations. The nation-states in S. Asia are vigorously promoting small family norms. India has adopted two-child norm and China has ruthlessly imposed ‘one child per family’ rule. Sex ratios in Europe, North America, Caribbean, Central Asia, the poorest region- sub Saharan Africa are not favourable to women as these countries neither kill / neglect girls nor do they use (New Reproductive Technologies) NRTs for production of sons.
Gender based discrimination against female children is pervasive across the world. It is seen in all the class of society and manifests in various forms.
Be connect locally , Please create your own groups location wise
Please create an application , which makes safety
Please come and join me for this change, we can create and start
MY FRIENDS
MY SOCIETY MY TEAM MY RESPONSIBILITY
https://www.linkedin.com/in/tharak-chowdhary-914616b5/
DreamsCount
Gender Discrimination & Women Empowermentsachin tiwari
This presentation is about women empowerment & gender discrimination. Here, I have added a lot of facts & figures.
I have tried to highlight all the problems & hurdles regarding this problem and also suggested some ideas that can overcome all these problems.
Our concern is with the sex ratio in infancy and childhood, and we use this in order to examine the magnitude and implications
of gender imbalance. More precisely, our focus in this paper is on the sex ratio (defined as the number of males per 100 females) from birth to 6 years of age—we shall refer to it simply as the child sex ratio (CSR). The narrowness of our focus has two advantages. First, whereas the overall population sex ratio is a complex aggregate that depends on many factors, the natural determinants of the child sex ratio are more limited, allowing us a cleaner analysis. Second, it is this ratio that is liable to be affected by selective abortions, whereas the population sex ratio moves only a little with these new developments.
Today we recognize that to try and improve the position of women one needs to look at the girl child who is a woman of tomorrow. Only when we visualize a female child with high self esteem not merely in recipient roles but in active productive roles with a concern for human dignity will be have strong and empowered women. The ultimate goal is to have an active, healthy and confident female child unfettered by 2009 2009 Social Institutions and Gender Index with equal access to knowledge information and opportunities.
A girl’s discrimination begins even before birth. Our statistics clearly point out to some facts that abortion of female fetuses is on the rise,It is reported that about 4,000 female babies are aborted in Tamil Nadu (southern India) every year. Sex determination tests are widely resorted to even in the remotest rural areas. Since most deliveries in rural areas take place at home, there is no record of the exact number of births/deaths that take place. Therefore, it is difficult to assess the magnitude of the problem. The ratio of female to male is declining. Even though the national sex ratio in the 2011 Census 944 is more than 2001’s 934, in states like Punjab, Haryana the sex ratio is about 899 and 885 respectively. There is reluctance to seek medical aid for ailing daughters. Regardless of the economic background the status of the female child has never been the same as that of the male at any level.
Gender roles are conceived, taught and enacted in a complex set of relationships within the family and society at large. Needless to say, the media reinforces the same stereotyped gender roles. The girl child grows up with a low self esteem. She grows up with a notion of temporary membership in her natal home to be disposed off with assets and dowry. A traditional saying sums it up thus, a daughter is like ghee (clarified butter)—both will stay good only upto a point. If you do not dispose them off they start stinking. Her productive role is to continue the household drudgery added to which is her reproductive responsibility.
The situation analysis of girl child is mentioned in this ppt.
Gender Discrimination & Women Empowermentsachin tiwari
This presentation is about women empowerment & gender discrimination. Here, I have added a lot of facts & figures.
I have tried to highlight all the problems & hurdles regarding this problem and also suggested some ideas that can overcome all these problems.
Our concern is with the sex ratio in infancy and childhood, and we use this in order to examine the magnitude and implications
of gender imbalance. More precisely, our focus in this paper is on the sex ratio (defined as the number of males per 100 females) from birth to 6 years of age—we shall refer to it simply as the child sex ratio (CSR). The narrowness of our focus has two advantages. First, whereas the overall population sex ratio is a complex aggregate that depends on many factors, the natural determinants of the child sex ratio are more limited, allowing us a cleaner analysis. Second, it is this ratio that is liable to be affected by selective abortions, whereas the population sex ratio moves only a little with these new developments.
Today we recognize that to try and improve the position of women one needs to look at the girl child who is a woman of tomorrow. Only when we visualize a female child with high self esteem not merely in recipient roles but in active productive roles with a concern for human dignity will be have strong and empowered women. The ultimate goal is to have an active, healthy and confident female child unfettered by 2009 2009 Social Institutions and Gender Index with equal access to knowledge information and opportunities.
A girl’s discrimination begins even before birth. Our statistics clearly point out to some facts that abortion of female fetuses is on the rise,It is reported that about 4,000 female babies are aborted in Tamil Nadu (southern India) every year. Sex determination tests are widely resorted to even in the remotest rural areas. Since most deliveries in rural areas take place at home, there is no record of the exact number of births/deaths that take place. Therefore, it is difficult to assess the magnitude of the problem. The ratio of female to male is declining. Even though the national sex ratio in the 2011 Census 944 is more than 2001’s 934, in states like Punjab, Haryana the sex ratio is about 899 and 885 respectively. There is reluctance to seek medical aid for ailing daughters. Regardless of the economic background the status of the female child has never been the same as that of the male at any level.
Gender roles are conceived, taught and enacted in a complex set of relationships within the family and society at large. Needless to say, the media reinforces the same stereotyped gender roles. The girl child grows up with a low self esteem. She grows up with a notion of temporary membership in her natal home to be disposed off with assets and dowry. A traditional saying sums it up thus, a daughter is like ghee (clarified butter)—both will stay good only upto a point. If you do not dispose them off they start stinking. Her productive role is to continue the household drudgery added to which is her reproductive responsibility.
The situation analysis of girl child is mentioned in this ppt.
After the World War II, in the post modernization era, one of the issues which had attracted the attention of the policy makers and social scientists was gender issues and concerns. Gender issues mean the discussion on both men and women, though women who suffer from gender inequality. From all gender issues, gender inequality is the most prevalent in India. Consideration of gender inequality is now common in Government, Non-Government organizations, and in the politics in India. The policy makers are strongly believed that a positive commitment to gender equality and equity will strengthen every area of action to reduce poverty because women can bring new energy and new sights. A lot of debates are going on women and their development since last few decades. Thus, several national and international organizations are trying to promote the advancement of women & their full participation in developmental process & trying to eliminate all forms of inequality against women. The importance of feminism has been steadily growing and gaining intellectual legitimacy.
Feminization of Ageing : "Being a male-dominated society and given the fact that women in India rely on their husbands for the provision of economic resources and social status, a large percentage of older women are at risk of dependency, isolation, and/or dire poverty and neglect."
Social media refers to online platforms and tools that enable users to create, share, and exchange information, ideas, and content in virtual communities and networks. These platforms have revolutionized the way people communicate, interact, and consume information. Here are some key aspects and descriptions of social media:
How social media marketing helps businesses in 2024.pdfpramodkumar2310
Social media marketing refers to the process of utilizing social media platforms to promote products, services, or brands. It involves creating and sharing valuable content, engaging with followers, analyzing data, and running targeted advertising campaigns.
www.nidmindia.com
Exploring Factors Affecting the Success of TVET-Industry Partnership: A Case ...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to explore factors affecting the success of TVET-industry
partnerships. A case study design of the qualitative research method was used to achieve this objective. For the
study, one polytechnic college of Oromia regional state, and two industries were purposively selected. From the
sample polytechnic college and industries, a total of 17 sample respondents were selected. Out of 17
respondents, 10 respondents were selected using the snowball sampling method, and the rest 7 respondents were
selected using the purposive sampling technique. The qualitative data were collected through an in-depth
interview and document analysis. The data were analyzed using thematic approaches. The findings revealed that
TVET-industry partnerships were found weak. Lack of key stakeholder‟s awareness shortage of improved
training equipment and machines in polytechnic colleges, absence of trainee health insurance policy, lack of
incentive mechanisms for private industries, lack of employer industries involvement in designing and
developing occupational standards, and preparation of curriculum were some of the impediments of TVETindustry partnership. Based on the findings it was recommended that the Oromia TVET bureau in collaboration
with other relevant concerned regional authorities and TVET colleges, set new strategies for creating strong
awareness for industries, companies, and other relevant stakeholders on the purpose and advantages of
implementing successful TVET-industry partnership. Finally, the Oromia regional government in collaboration
with the TVET bureau needs to create policy-supported incentive strategies such as giving occasional privileges
of duty-free import, tax reduction, and regional government recognition awards based on the level of partnership
contribution to TVET institutions in promoting TVET-industry partnership.
KEY WORDS: employability skills, industries, and partnership
Get Ahead with YouTube Growth Services....SocioCosmos
Get noticed on YouTube by buying authentic engagement. Sociocosmos helps you grow your channel quickly and effectively.
https://www.sociocosmos.com/product-category/youtube/
Your Path to YouTube Stardom Starts HereSocioCosmos
Skyrocket your YouTube presence with Sociocosmos' proven methods. Gain real engagement and build a loyal audience. Join us now.
https://www.sociocosmos.com/product-category/youtube/
Grow Your Reddit Community Fast.........SocioCosmos
Sociocosmos helps you gain Reddit followers quickly and easily. Build your community and expand your influence.
https://www.sociocosmos.com/product-category/reddit/
The Challenges of Good Governance and Project Implementation in Nigeria: A Re...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT : This study reveals that systemic corruption and other factors including poor leadership,
leadership recruitment processes, ethnic and regional politics, tribalism and mediocrity, poor planning, and
variation of project design have been the causative factors that undermine projects implementation in postindependence African states, particularly in Nigeria. The study, thus, argued that successive governments of
African states, using Nigeria as a case study, have been deeply engrossed in this obnoxious practice that has
undermined infrastructure sector development as well as enthroned impoverishment and mass poverty in these
African countries. This study, therefore, is posed to examine the similarities in causative factors, effects and
consequences of corruption and how it affects governance, projects implementation and national growth. To
achieve this, the study adopted historical research design which is qualitative and explorative in nature. The
study among others suggests that the governments of developing countries should shun corruption and other
forms of obnoxious practices in order to operate effective and efficient systems that promote good governance
and ensure there is adequate projects implementation which are the attributes of a responsible government and
good leadership. Policy makers should also prioritize policy objectives and competence to ensure that policies
are fully implemented within stipulated time frame.
KEYWORDS: Developing Countries, Nigeria, Government, Project Implementation, Project Failure
Non-Financial Information and Firm Risk Non-Financial Information and Firm RiskAJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: This research aims to examine how ESG disclosure and risk disclosure affect the total risk of
companies. Using cross section data from 355 companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange, data regarding
ESG disclosure and risk was collected. In this research, ESG and risk disclosures are measured based on content
analysis using GRI 4 guidelines for ESG disclosures and COSO ERM for risk disclosures. Using multiple
regression, it is concluded that only risk disclosure can reduce the company's total risk, while ESG disclosure
cannot affect the company's total risk. This shows that only risk disclosure is relevant in determining a
company's total risk.
KEYWORDS: ESG disclosure, risk disclosure, firm risk
Multilingual SEO Services | Multilingual Keyword Research | Filosemadisonsmith478075
Multilingual SEO services are essential for businesses aiming to expand their global presence. They involve optimizing a website for search engines in multiple languages, enhancing visibility, and reaching diverse audiences. Filose offers comprehensive multilingual SEO services designed to help businesses optimize their websites for search engines in various languages, enhancing their global reach and market presence. These services ensure that your content is not only translated but also culturally and contextually adapted to resonate with local audiences.
Visit us at -https://www.filose.com/
“To be integrated is to feel secure, to feel connected.” The views and experi...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: Although a significant amount of literature exists on Morocco's migration policies and their
successes and failures since their implementation in 2014, there is limited research on the integration of subSaharan African children into schools. This paperis part of a Ph.D. research project that aims to fill this gap. It
reports the main findings of a study conducted with migrant children enrolled in two public schools in Rabat,
Morocco, exploring how integration is defined by the children themselves and identifying the obstacles that they
have encountered thus far. The following paper uses an inductive approach and primarily focuses on the
relationships of children with their teachers and peers as a key aspect of integration for students with a migration
background. The study has led to several crucial findings. It emphasizes the significance of speaking Colloquial
Moroccan Arabic (Darija) and being part of a community for effective integration. Moreover, it reveals that the
use of Modern Standard Arabic as the language of instruction in schools is a source of frustration for students,
indicating the need for language policy reform. The study underlines the importanceof considering the
children‟s agency when being integrated into mainstream public schools.
.
KEYWORDS: migration, education, integration, sub-Saharan African children, public school
Unlock TikTok Success with Sociocosmos..SocioCosmos
Discover how Sociocosmos can boost your TikTok presence with real followers and engagement. Achieve your social media goals today!
https://www.sociocosmos.com/product-category/tiktok/
Enhance your social media strategy with the best digital marketing agency in Kolkata. This PPT covers 7 essential tips for effective social media marketing, offering practical advice and actionable insights to help you boost engagement, reach your target audience, and grow your online presence.
1. Rooted problem of gender
discrimination and immense
ignorance towards women
empowerment: The most
deplorable situation of our
country is gender
discrimination.
TECH ID:TECH53801
2.
"You can tell the condition of a Nation by looking at the status of its
Women.“-Jawaharlal Nehru.
So, how is women's status in India? Today's India offers a lot of
opportunities to women, with women having a voice in everyday
life, the business world as well as in political life. Nevertheless India is
still a male dominated society, where women are often seen as
subordinate and inferior to men.
True it is that, India being the land where since the time immemorial a
women has been personified as the mighty preserver of the nature
itself, yet from the text of Tulsidas ;“
” to the Delhi gang rape the parallel reality
witnesses the bitter and unnerving state of women in the country.
The male dominant society of India makes its women habitual of this
discrimination. As a result, most women fail to understand their own
rights and freedom. There are many spheres of life where women are
denied opportunities. Discrimination against females starts with their
birth and continues through their lives.
3. This vicious cycle of discrimination begins from the birth of a girl child. The
cultural construct of Indian society which reinforces gender bias against men
and women, with varying degrees and variable contexts against the opposite
sex, has led to the continuation of India’s strong preference for male children.
Female infanticide, a sex-selective abortion, is adopted and strongly reflects
the low status of Indian women.
The span of woman`s life experience a variable hunch of discrimination at
various stages;
FROM WOMB TO CRADLE
Female infanticide, a sex-selective abortion, is adopted and strongly reflects
the low status of Indian women. Though “prenatal sex discrimination” was
legally banned in 1996, the law is nearly impossible to enforce and is not even
familiar to all Indian families. Hence, the preference for a male child
persists, quite often out of mere practical and financial concerns.
FROM A GIRL TO A WOMAN
where limited food or financial resources are available, the insufficient means
are prone to be allocated unevenly in favour of the male offspring resulting in
insufficient care afforded to girls and women, and is the major reasons for the
4. high levels of child malnutrition. They never reach their full growth
potential. Thus create risk factors in pregnancy, complicating childbearing
and resulting in maternal and infant deaths, as well as low birth weight
infants. India's constitution guarantees free primary school education for
both girls and boys up to age 14 but primary education in India is not
universal, and often times not seen as really necessary for girls. The practise
of child marriages is inclined to experience domestic violence, marital
rape, deprivation of food, and lack of access to information, healthcare, and
education.
From a Woman to a bride
There is no cultural or religious tradition upon who the most ghastly
incidents of female oppression can be justified.Practise of dowry and
stigmatization of widows shows lacuna in the prevailing laws. Differential
wages and right of inheritance have been mere customs and are unjust and
discriminatory.
Thus in the land of Goddesses women are still finding there place and
position to settle down with a significant identity.
5. SEX RATIO,GENDERICIDES AND INDIA.
Census 2011 shows decline of girl population (as a percentage to total
population) under the age of seven, with activists estimating that eight million
female fetuses may have been aborted in the past decade.
The 2005 census shows infant mortality figures for females and males are 61
and 56, respectively, out of 1000 live births.
A decline in the child sex ratio(0-6 years) was observed with India’s 2011
census reporting that it stands at 914 females against 1,000 males, dropping
from 927 in 2001 - the lowest since India’s independence.
There are significant imbalances in the male/female population in India
where the sex ration at birth is 113; there are also huge local differences from
Northern / Western regions such as Punjab or Delhi, where the sex ratio is as
high as 125, to Southern / Eastern India e.g. Kerala and Andhra Pradesh, where
sex ratios are around 105.
6. Since 1991, 80% of districts in India have recorded an increasingly
masculine sex ratio with the state of Punjab having the most masculine sex
ratio. According to the decennial Indian census, the sex ratio in the 0-6 age
group in India went from 104.0 males per 100 females in 1981, to 105.8 in
1991, to 107.8 in 2001, to 109.4 in 2011. The ratio is significantly higher in
certain states such as Punjab and Haryana (126.1 and 122.0, as of 2001).
India is one of the few countries where males outnumber females; the
sex ratio at birth (SRB) – which shows the number of boys born to every
100 girls - is usually consistent in human populations, where about 105
males are born to every 100 females.
EDUCATION ,EMPLOYMENT AND WOMEN IN INDIA.
The female literacy rate in India is lower than the male literacy
rate. According to Census of India 2011, literacy rate of females is 65.46%
compared to males which is 82.14%.
Literacy for females stands at 65.46%, compared to 82.14% for males.
As per Census 2011, the work participation rate for females is 25.7 %
whereas that of males is 51.9 %.
fifth Economic Census 2005, at all India level, percentage of total adult
female workers in the total persons employed is 19.3 %.
7. Indian women on average earning 64% of what their male counterparts earn
for the same occupation and level of qualification.
CRIME AGAINST WOMEN IN INDIA
National Crime Records Bureau reveal that a crime against a woman is
committed every three minutes, a woman is raped every 29
minutes, a dowry death occurs every 77 minutes, and one case of cruelty
committed by either the husband or relative of the victim occurs every nine
minutes.
According to Indian National Crime Record Bureau, there were 8,239 dowry
death cases, 1,285 cases of attempted dowry deaths, and another 4,890 cases
with pending investigations in 2009.
The Prohibition of Child Marriage Act 2006 bans marriage below age 18 for
girls and age 21 for boys, but some 80 % of Indians live in villages where
family, caste and community pressures are more effective than any legislature.
According to UNICEF's "State of the World's Children 2009" report, 47% of
India's women aged 20–24 were married before the legal age of 18, with 56%
in rural areas. The report also showed that 40% of the world's child marriages
occur in India.
The Thomson Reuters Foundation survey says that India is the fourth most
dangerous place in the world for women to live in.
8. A paper published in the International Journal of Criminology and
Sociological Theory shows that in 2007, there were 20,737 reported case of
rape, 8,093 cases of death due to dowry, and 10,950 cases of sexual
harassment with total crime of 185,312 A U.N. Population Fund report claimed
that up to 70 percent of married women aged 15–49 in India are victims of
beatings or coerced sex.
SOCIO ECONOMIC STATUS OF WOMEN IN INDIA
In total 11 million abortions take place annually and around 20,000 women
die every year due to abortion related complications.
As per NFHS-3, (2005-06), at all India level, 52.5% of currently married
women participate in household decisions.
As on 9/1/2007, women members constitute only 9.07% of the National
Parliament.
In 2004, 47.95% of the total electors were females.
As per NFHS-3 (2005-06), only 54 % of the rural women have exposure to
media (TV, radio or newspaper once in a week) whereas 87% of the urban
women have exposure to media.
In 2006, 42410 females committed suicide which is 35.91 % of the total
suicides committed in the
country.
9. 57 % of ever married women (15-49 yrs) have heard of AIDS whereas the
corresponding figure for men is 80 % with a significant urban - rural gap.
The percentage of ever married women (15-49 yrs) who know that
consistent condom use can reduce the
chances of getting HIV/ AIDS (34.7 %) was significantly low compared to men’s
awareness level (68.1%)
10. A PROBLEM WITH A SOLUTION
Gender inequality is a problem that has a solution. Two decades of
innovation, experience, and activism have shown that achieving the goal
of greater gender equality and women’s empowerment is possible. There
are many practical steps that can reduce inequalities based on gender—
inequalities that restrict the potential to reduce poverty and achieve high
levels of well-being in societies around the world. There are also many
positive actions that can empower women. Without leadership and
political will, however, the world will fall short of taking these practical
steps—and meeting the Goal. Because gender inequality is deeply rooted
in entrenched attitudes, societal institutions, and market forces, political
commitment at the highest international and national levels is essential to
institute the policies that can trigger social change and to allocate the
resources necessary for gender equality and women’s empowerment.
11. “Rome was not built in a day.”
A mindset, a thought, an institution like patriarchy can not eroded in a day, rather it
needs efforts, strategized ones and not direction less. Therefore to begin with one must
recognize the domains of work where the effort should be channelized;
Thus one should first Identifying the dimensions of gender equality
Based on past analyses of gender in society, adoption of an operational framework for
understanding gender equality that has 3 main Dimensions : The capabilities domain,
which refers to basic human abilities as measured by education, health, and nutrition.
These capabilities are fundamental to individual well-being and are the means through
which individuals access.
The access to resources and opportunities domain, which refers primarily
to equality in the opportunity to use or apply basic capabilities through
access to economic assets (such as land, property, or infrastructure) and
resources (such as income and employment), as well as political opportunity
(such as representation in parliaments and other political bodies).
Without access to resources and opportunities, both political and
economic, women will be unable to employ their capabilities for their
well-being and that of their families, communities, and societies.
The security domain, which is defined here to mean reduced vulnerability
to violence and conflict. Violence and conflict result in physical and psychological harm
and lessen the ability of individuals, households, and communities to fulfill their
12. potential. Violence directed specifically at women and girls often aims at keeping
them in “their place” through fear.
India, the largest democracy has a well structured form of administration yet a grave
problem like this has persisted even after half a decade of independence.
Synthesising the working of its three organs in this arena i.e. legislature, executive
and judiciary one could clearly trace the following reasons behind the status quo;
LEGISLATURE when talked about, there is no dearth of legislations in the country
that aim to transgress the gender norm and set aside the mishap that has become a
quintessential definition of life of an Indian woman. Thus regarding these few
essential aspects are worth noticing;
• The existing law and provisions have ‘n’ number of loop holes.
•They lack sufficient penal sanctions that could bring a deterrent effect.
•Lack of recognition and awareness of such laws and rights at places where the
society is still entangled with the common socio economic problem and patriarchal
mindset.
Enforcement of these legislations and enactments is the job of EXECUTIVE which is
further delegated to administrative authorities at different levels from where the
unending stories of bribery, corruption, neglect, exploitation so on and so forth that
leaves the main issues behind the doors.
JUDICIARY an organ that was aimed to review the later two is nothing but spoken for
13. its pace that couldn`t be more than an old Galapagos. Hence being the last resort it is
not of much help for half of the population lets assume females in the instant case.
Therefore Besides this understanding the need of women empowerment and not
considering women as a material or a tangible assets is important to remove the
patriarchal mindset of the people of the nation.
There is no dearth of legislations and statutory rulings that were brought into existence
to ensure the upliftment of the women thus ensuring inclusive growth however what
has failed is the implementation machinery and insufficient penal sanctions attached
to same. Thus simple yet little hard to follow are the step to women empowerment;
There have been many enactments like pre natal diagnostics act ,Medical termination
of pregnancy act etc to put an end to female infanticides and illegal abortion which
have a set of guidelines regarding issuance of medical license to do so thus the
delegation of power grants a discretion on the authorities who in turn misuse them.
This is just another example of how the such enactments loose their authority .Thus
proper enforcement of the provision by the executing authorities is the only way to
achieve the minimum goal.
Rising population and stigmatization of the each and every matter involving women
has been a hearsay problem in the country since ages Thus there is a need of gender
sensitization in every class of the society irrespective of caste and social status.
14. They say frailty thy name is woman however women have number of times
rose against all odds to prove their existence. Yet a long journey to claim the
road and the night too.