CJ 210 Assignment 2-2 Template Complete the table below by replacing the bracketed text with your responses. An example has been provided in the first row. Ideology/Purpose Sentencing Structure Effects Example: Retribution Example: Mandatory minimum Example: Mandatory minimums are aimed at imposing fixed penalties for offenders committing similar crimes and typically result in tougher penalties for more serious offenders. Retribution refers to “just deserts” and “an eye for an eye.” According to the textbook, Corrections Today (2014), the goal of retribution is to impose punishment that holds the offender accountable and that is proportionate to the crime. Retribution is not concerned with future outcome, only that the offender is held accountable and that the appropriate punishment is granted (Siegel & Bartollas, 2014). A first-time nonviolent offender, then, should be treated less severely than a repeat offender. Mandatory minimum sentencing laws seem to be perfectly aligned with the goal of retribution. Laws such as three-strikes and truth in sentencing result in harsher penalties for repeat and/or violent offenders. It must be mentioned that mandatory minimums may interfere with other long term goals, such as struggles with reentry. Siegel, L & Bartollas, C. (2014). Corrections Today, Second Edition. Boston: Wadsworth Cengage Learning.  [Insert text.]  [Insert text.]  [Insert text.]  [Insert text.]  [Insert text.]  [Insert text.]  [Insert text.]  [Insert text.]  [Insert text.] Week 3 Guidance - Clean Water Act (CWA) & Clean Air Act (CAA) Welcome! This week, we will discuss the Clean Water Act and Clean Air Act. The learning outcomes are as follows: 1. Examine the role of business in environmental disaster response and regulation. 2. Analyze the Clean Air Act and emissions permits. Required Resources Text 1. Read the following chapters in your text, Environmental Law: 2. Chapter 4: Clean Water Act (CWA). 3. Chapter 5: Clean Air Act (CAA) Articles Multimedia 1. View the video: (2010, September 27). National resource damage assessment coast survey.Retrieved from http://bp.concerts.com/gom/natural_resource_damage_assessment_coast_survey_092710.htm  This site supports the Multinational Corporations and Disaster Response assignment for the week.  Recommended Resources 1. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The plain English guide to the Clean Air Act. Retrieved from http://www.epa.go/air/peg/index.html. Discussions Participate in the following discussions: 1. Environmental Disasters.1st Post Due by Day 1. Consider the BP gulf oil spill and the Exxon Valdez oil spill. Is it appropriate to respond to particular environmental incidents with legislation to protect our waters? Discus the role(s) for business in the regulation of nonpoint source pollution. Respond to at least two of your fellow students’ postings. 2. Clean Air Act.1st Post Due by Day 3. Analyze whether tradable emissions permits enhance or detract from the intentio.

1. CJ 210 Assignment 2-2 Template
Complete the table below by replacing the bracketed text with
your responses. An example has been provided in the first row.
Ideology/Purpose
Sentencing Structure
Effects
Example: Retribution
Example: Mandatory minimum
Example: Mandatory minimums are aimed at imposing fixed
penalties for offenders committing similar crimes and typically
result in tougher penalties for more serious offenders.
Retribution refers to “just deserts” and “an eye for an eye.”
According to the textbook, Corrections Today (2014), the goal
of retribution is to impose punishment that holds the offender
accountable and that is proportionate to the crime. Retribution
is not concerned with future outcome, only that the offender is
held accountable and that the appropriate punishment is granted
(Siegel & Bartollas, 2014). A first-time nonviolent offender,
then, should be treated less severely than a repeat offender.
Mandatory minimum sentencing laws seem to be perfectly
aligned with the goal of retribution. Laws such as three-strikes
and truth in sentencing result in harsher penalties for repeat
and/or violent offenders. It must be mentioned that mandatory
minimums may interfere with other long term goals, such as
struggles with reentry.
Siegel, L & Bartollas, C. (2014). Corrections Today,
Second Edition. Boston: Wadsworth Cengage Learning.
[Insert text.]
[Insert text.]

2. [Insert text.]
[Insert text.]
[Insert text.]
[Insert text.]
[Insert text.]
[Insert text.]
[Insert text.]
Week 3 Guidance - Clean Water Act (CWA) & Clean Air Act
(CAA)
Welcome! This week, we will discuss the Clean Water Act and
Clean Air Act. The learning outcomes are as follows:
1. Examine the role of business in environmental disaster
response and regulation.
2. Analyze the Clean Air Act and emissions permits.
Required Resources
Text
1. Read the following chapters in your text, Environmental Law:
2. Chapter 4: Clean Water Act (CWA).
3. Chapter 5: Clean Air Act (CAA) Articles
Multimedia
1. View the video: (2010, September 27). National resource
damage assessment coast survey.Retrieved
from http://bp.concerts.com/gom/natural_resource_damage_asse
ssment_coast_survey_092710.htm This site supports
the Multinational Corporations and Disaster Response
assignment for the week.

3. Recommended Resources
1. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The plain English
guide to the Clean Air Act. Retrieved
from http://www.epa.go/air/peg/index.html.
Discussions
Participate in the following discussions:
1. Environmental Disasters.1st Post Due by Day 1. Consider the
BP gulf oil spill and the Exxon Valdez oil spill. Is it appropriate
to respond to particular environmental incidents with legislation
to protect our waters? Discus the role(s) for business in the
regulation of nonpoint source pollution. Respond to at least two
of your fellow students’ postings.
2. Clean Air Act.1st Post Due by Day 3. Analyze whether
tradable emissions permits enhance or detract from the
intentions of the Clean Air Act. From a business perspective, do
tradable permits encourage the adoption of cleaner technology
more than statutory requirements that sets limit on pollution?
Use one outside source in addition to your textbook to inform
your analysis. Respond to at least two of your classmates’ posts.
Assignment
1. Multinational Corporations and Disaster Response.Due by
Day 7. After reading Chapter Four of your textbook and viewing
the National Resource Damage Assessment Coast Survey video,
prepare a two-to-three page paper (excluding title and reference
pages) that assess the skills, knowledge, experience, and
preparation necessary for a manger of a multinational
corporation that caused an environmental disaster. Analyze how
a manager should develop or obtain the skills, knowledge,
experience, and preparation necessary to be effective in working
with stakeholders in such a situation. You may want to consider
how the manager should work effectively with local
stakeholders to implement the cleanup and negotiate the real or
potential disputes related to the local economy. This paper
should be formatted according to APA style guidelines as
outlined in the Ashford Writing Center. Students must use at

4. least two scholarly sources (other than the text) and provide
proper APA citation.
Carefully review the Grading Rubric for the evaluation of your
assignments.
Reflection
Chapter 4 discusses the Clean Water Act (CWA) which
regulates water to ensure it is clean and safe. Please note the
general and specific definitions of U.S. waters in the act. The
CWA makes use of a permit system, the National Pollutant
Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) in the achievement of
its goal. (Refer to the definition of pollutant on p. 91 of your
textbook.) The NPDES monitors substances discharged into
waters and their levels of concentration. Familiarize yourselves
with the NPDES permit process and the definition of point
source. The EPA employs technology based and water quality
standards to ensure water quality. Refer to pp. 97-100 of the
textbook to learn more about these standards.
The Oil Pollution Act (OPA) was passed in 1990, after the
Exxon Valdez spill. The OPA requires a response plan in the
event of spills and a National Contingency Plan that assigns
responsibilities among federal, state, and local agencies. (Read
about the Exxon Valdez Spill on pp. 106-112). The Safe
Drinking Water Act (SDWA) enacted in 1974 is a part of the
CWA. The control on the use of municipal water system is
addressed in this act. Primary and secondary standards for
regulating water contaminants were created under the SDWA.
These standards regulate the quality of water for consumption.
(Refer to pp. 103-106 to learn more about the SDWA).
Chapter 5 covers the Clean Air Act (CAA). The purpose of the
CAA is the protection of human health and environmental
quality through the use of specific air standards. In 1963, the
Clean Air Act (CAA) was passed to monitor and control air
pollution. The Motor Vehicle Air Pollution Control and the Air
Quality Act were enacted in 1965 and 1967 respectively. CAA
has been amended several times, in 1970, 1977, 1990, and 1991.

5. In 1970, federal mandate was expanded and comprehensive
federal and state regulations for controlling pollution form
stationary (industry) and mobile sources was established. The
amendments in 1990 addressed acid rain, ozone depletion, and
toxic air pollution. A national permits program for stationary
sources was also established.
Technology is important to the effectiveness of the CAA due to
the technology standards used. The CAA also uses emissions
standards to control the quality of ambient air. The National
Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) are set by the CAA
for the following six pollutants: carbon monoxide, lead,
nitrogen dioxide, ozone, particulate matter, and sulfur dioxide.
Please read the entire chapter to learn about the CAA and the
different amendments.
Reference
Schroder, K. L. (2008). Environmental Law. Clifton Park, NY:
Thomas Delmar Learning.
Week 3 Assignment - Multinational Corporations and Disaster
Response
PLEASE DO NOT SUBMIT A BID FOR THIS ASSIGNMENT
IF YOU DO NOT HAVE EXPERIENCE WITH GRADUATE
LEVEL WRITING TERMS AND CONCEPTS. ALL
DIRECTIONS MUST BE FOLLOWED AND NO PLAGIARISM.
MY SCHOOL USES SOFTWARE TO DETECT COPIED
MATERIAL.
After reading Chapter Four of your textbook and viewing the
National Resource Damage Assessment Coast Survey video,
prepare a two- to three-page paper (excluding title and reference
pages) that assesses the skills, knowledge, experience, and
preparation necessary for a manager of a multinational
corporation that caused an environmental disaster. Analyze how
a manager should develop or obtain the skills, knowledge,

6. experience, and preparation necessary to be effective in working
with stakeholders in such a situation. You may want to consider
how the manager should work effectively with local
stakeholders to implement the cleanup and negotiate the real or
potential disputes related to the local economy. This paper
should be formatted according to APA style guidelines as
outlined in the Ashford Writing Center. Students must use at
least two scholarly sources (other than text) and provide proper
APA citation.