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1. THE UNION EXECUTIVE

2. While the Legislature makes laws, it is the job of the
Executive to carry-out or enforce the laws.
The executive of the Government of India consists of
the President, the Vise-President, the Prime Minister
and his Council of Ministers.

3. President
Executive
Vice President
Prime Minister
Council of Ministers
Civil Servants

4. The President is a constitutional head of Executive of
the Indian Union, under a Parliamentary form of
government. The President is only a NOMINAL
HEAD. The government is effectively run by the Prime
Minister and his council of ministers on behalf of the
President. The real executive power vests in the
council of minister headed by the Prime Minister.

5. To stand in election to the high office of
the President of India,
 He candidate should be a citizen of
India.
 He should be THIRTY FIVE years at the
time of elections.
 He should not hold any office of profit
under the central or state government.
The elected members of both the Houses
of Parliament and the elected members
of the Legislative Assemblies elect the
President by casting their votes. Once
the President is elected, she remains in
office for a PERIOD OF FIVE YEARS. He
can be RE-ELECTED after an expiry of
his tenure.
There are 14
Presidents
(Till Date).
They are 16
Prime
Ministers
(Time Date).
Do You
Know??

6. Dr. Rajendra Prasad 1950-1962
Dr S. Radhakrishnan 1962-1967
Dr Zakir Hussain 1967-1969
Mr V. V. Giri 1969-1974
Mr Fakharuddin Ali 1974-1977
Mr Neelam Sanjiva Reddy 1977-1982
Giani Zail Singh 1982-1987
Mr R. Venkataraman 1987-1992
Dr S. D. Sharma 1992-1997
Mr K. R. Narayanan 1997-2002
Dr A. P. J. Abdul Kalam 2002-2007
Smt. Pratibha Patil 2007-2012
Mr Pranab Mukherjee 2012-2017
Mr Ram Nath Kovind 2017-till date
PRESIDENTS OF INDIA

7.  Executive Powers.
 Legislative Powers.
 Judicial Powers.
 Financial Powers.
 Emergency Powers.

8.  He has the power to appoint the Prime Minister and The
Union Minister.
 He also has the power to appoint the State Governors, the
Judges of the Supreme Court and the High Courts; the
Comptroller and Auditor-General, the Attorney-General
and members of the Union Public Service Commission.
 He is the SUPREME COMMANDER of the Armed Forces.
 All contracts and treaties with foreign countries are made
in his name.
 All senior officials of the Union Government are appointed
by the President.

9.  He nominates 12 members to the Rajya Sabha.
 The President can summon, prorogue or dissolve the
Parliament.
 No bill passed by the Parliament can become a law
without the President's assent.
 He issues ordinances (orders) when the Parliament is
not in session.

10.  He is not answerable to any law court for the exercise
of his power, expect in case of impeachment in
parliament.
 He can pardon, remit or suspend a sentence of his
punishment given by a court martial or a death
sentence passed by court.

11.  The President causes the budget to be presented to the
Parliament every year.
 No money bill can be introduced without his PRIOR
approval.
 He appoints the Finance Commission from time to
time to determine the distribution of taxes between
the Union and the States.

12. The president can declare emergency if
 The security of India is threatened by external
aggression or internal rebellion.
 There is a breakdown of the constitutional machinery
in a state.
 The financial stability of the country is threatened.

13. Ram Nath Kovind born 1 October 1945 is an Indian
politician serving as the 14th and current President of
India since 25 July 2017. He is a member of the
Bharatiya Janata Party. He is also the first person from
Uttar Pradesh to serve as President of India. Prior to
his presidency, he served as the 26th governor of Bihar
from 2015 to 2017 and as a member of Parliament,
Rajya Sabha from 1994 to 2006. Before entering
politics, he was a lawyer for 16 years and practiced in
the Delhi High Court and the Supreme Court of India
until 1993.

14. In the absence of the President, the Vice President
carries-out his functions.
 The Vice President is elected by members of both
Houses of Parliament.
 He is an Indian citizen having completed 35 years of
age.
 He is the e-officio chairman of the Rajya Sabha.
 He hold this office for 5 years.
 He may resign before his term ends.

15. Muppavarapu Venkaiah Naidu (born 1 July 1949) is an
Indian politician serving as the 13th and current Vice
President of India since 2017. Previously, he served as
the minister of Housing and Urban Poverty
Alleviation, Urban Development and Information and
Broadcasting in the Modi Cabinet. A prominent leader
of the Bharatiya Janata Party, he also served as its
national president from 2002 to 2004.Earlier, he was
the Union Cabinet Minister for Rural Development in
the Atal Bihari Vajpayee government. He took the oath
as vice president of India and the chairman of the
Rajya Sabha on 11 August 2017.

16. The leader of the political party/ or parties securing
absolute majority in the Lok Sabha is appointed by the
President as the Prime Minister.
There are three categories of ministers- Cabinet
Ministers, Ministers of State and Deputy Ministers.
The Cabinet Ministers hold important portfolios such
as Home, Finance, Defence, etc..
The council of ministers, headed by the Prime Minister,
is the most powerful institution in the Indian body
politic.

17. Selection of the Union Council of Ministers
President Appoints
Prime Minister Selects
Cabinet Ministers
Ministers of State
Deputy Ministers
Collectively Responsible
Lok Sabha

18. The Prime Minister of India is the most important
person in the government of the country. First of all,
he is the leader of the Lok Sabha and the leader of the
largest political party or a combination of parties
(coalition) represented in the Lok Sabha. He has the
strenuous (Requiring) responsibility of managing the
affairs of the country, both internal as well as external.
He is the chief spokesperson of the government. The
Prime Minister prepares a list of the members of the
Parliament to be appointed as ministers and the
President is obliged to appoint them as such.

19. A person to be appointed as a minister must be a
member of Lok Sabha or the Rajya Sabha. But an
outsider can also be appointed as a minister for six
months during which time he/she must become an
elected or nominated member of either house. In case
of failure to do so, he/she ceases to be a minister after
the expiry of six months from the date of his
appointment.

20. With the appointment of ministers, the council of
ministers is formed.
The Prime Minister allots one or more departments to
each minister. This is known as allotment of portfolios.
The ministers are known by the portfolio they hold, for
example, the minister of defence, the minister of
finance, etc…

21. The Prime Minister and the council of ministers are
directly responsible to the Lok Sabha and can remain
in office so long as they enjoy the majority support in
the House of the People.
All important decisions are taken by the cabinet
ministers. The decisions of the Cabinet are binding
upon all other ministers.

22.  The Prime Minister selects the other Ministers.
 He distributes portfolios among them.
 He presides over cabinet meetings and decides the
business to be transacted at such meetings.
 He reports to the President the decisions of the
Cabinet and also advices the President on proroguing
(dissolve) the Lok Sabha.
 He can also expand his Cabinet.

23. Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru 1947-1964
Sh. Lal Bahadur Shastri 1964-1966
Smt. Indira Gandhi 1966-1977
Mr. Morarji Desai 1977-1979
Ch. Charan Singh 1979-1980
Smt. Indira Gandhi 1980-1984
Sh. Rajiv Gandhi 1984-1989
Sh. V. P. Singh 1989-1990
Sh. Chandra Shekhar 1990-1991
Sh. Narasimha Rao 1991-1996
Sh. Atal Bihari Vajpayee May 17-June 1, 1996
Sh. H. D. Deve Gowda 1996-1997
Sh. I. K. Gujral 1997-1998
Sh. Atal Bihari Vajpayee 1998-2004
Dr. Manmohan Singh 2004-2014
Sh. Narendra Modi 2014-till date
PRIME MINISTERS OF INDIA

24. Narendra Damodardas Modi Gujarati, born 17 September 1950 is an
Indian politician serving as the 14th and current prime minister
of India since 2014. Modi was the chief minister of Gujarat from
2001 to 2014 and is the Member of Parliament from Varanasi. He
is a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and of the
Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), a right-wing Hindu
nationalist paramilitary volunteer organisation. He is the first
prime minister to have been born after India's independence in
1947 and the second prime minister not belonging to the Indian
National Congress to have won two consecutive majorities in the
Lok Sabha, or the lower house of India's parliament. He is also
the longest serving prime minister from a non-Congress party.

25. The President, the Prime Minister and the Council of
Ministers from the Political Executive at the Centre.
The Cabinet only formulates (creates) the policies
while the real execution is left to the Civil or Public
Servants. They are not members of any political party.
They are expected to be impartial in the
implementation of a policy or a law. They are the
administrative or permanent executives.
Most of the Civil Servants at the Centre are selected by
the Union Public Service Commission.