The Prime Minister is the real executive authority of India and head of government, while the President is the nominal executive and head of state. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President but must have the support of the Lok Sabha. If no party has a majority, the President can use discretion in appointing a coalition leader. The Prime Minister takes an oath of office and secrecy and holds office at the President's pleasure, but can only be dismissed if they lose parliamentary support. The Prime Minister's powers include recommending ministers, allocating portfolios, guiding policies, and advising the President on appointments.
“In a broad and collective sense the executive organ embraces the aggregate or totality of all the functionaries which are concerned with the execution of the will of the State as that will has been formulated and expressed in terms of law”.
– Dr. Garner
State legislature in India is of two types, legislative council and legislative assembly. There are only 6 states in India (excluding J&K recently) wit legislative councils, whereas rest have legislative assemblies.
features of parliamentary form of government are described in this ppt in the simplest manner I can and this is for educational purposes .while making ppt I took help from various books and websites but the most profound material source is Indian polity by M laxmikanth .
“In a broad and collective sense the executive organ embraces the aggregate or totality of all the functionaries which are concerned with the execution of the will of the State as that will has been formulated and expressed in terms of law”.
– Dr. Garner
State legislature in India is of two types, legislative council and legislative assembly. There are only 6 states in India (excluding J&K recently) wit legislative councils, whereas rest have legislative assemblies.
features of parliamentary form of government are described in this ppt in the simplest manner I can and this is for educational purposes .while making ppt I took help from various books and websites but the most profound material source is Indian polity by M laxmikanth .
Chief ministers (Special reference to Rajasthan CM - Sh. Ashok Gehlot Mamta Pareek
a special PPT on Chief ministers (Special reference to Rajasthan CM - Sh. Ashok Gehlot, it is beneficial for Indian Political System Students and competitive aspirants.
Document contain a reliable knowledge for law and students may gain a very useful knowledge from our parliament . If the notes is read with proper attention then they will be able to tell about our parliament to others.
The presentation comprises powers and functions of the President of India from the Constitutional perspective viz. Executive power, Legislative power, Financial power, Emergency power, Diplomatic Power, Military power, Pardoning power, etc.
difference between parliamentary govt and presidential govtAmulya Nigam
meaning and features of parliamentary form of govt and presidential form of govt
comparison between parliamentary form of govt and presidential form of govt and presidential form of govt
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Group Presentation 2 Economics.Ariana Buscigliopptx
5_6305194264645076192.pdf
1. Prime Minister
In the scheme of parliamentary system of government provided by the
constitution, the President is the nominal executive authority (de jure
executive) and Prime Minister is the real executive authority (de facto
executive). In other words, president is the head of the State while
Prime Minister is the head of the government.
APPOINTMENT OF THE PRIME MINISTER
The Constitution does not contain any specific procedure for the
selection and appointment of the Prime Minister. Article 75 says only
that the Prime Minister shall be appointed by the president. However,
this does not imply that the president is free to appoint any one as the
Prime Minister. In accordance with the conventions of the
parliamentary system of government, the President has to appoint the
leader of the majority party in the Lok Sabha as the Prime Minister.
But, when no party has a clear majority in the Lok Sabha, then the
President may exercise his personal discretion in the selection and
appointment of the Prime Minister. In such a situation, the President
usually appoints the leader of the largest party or coalition in the Lok
Sabha as the Prime Minister and asks him to seek a vote of
confidence in the House within a month. This discretion was exercised
by the President, for the first time in 1979, when Neelam Sanjiva
Reddy (the then President) appointed Charan Singh (the coalition
leader) as the Prime Minister after the fall of the Janata Party
government headed by Morarji Desai.
OATH, TERM AND SALARY
2. Before the Prime Minister enters upon his office, the president
administers to him the oaths of office and secrecy.2 In his oath of
office, the Prime Minister swears:
1. to bear true faith and allegiance to the Constitution of India, 2. to
uphold the sovereignty and integrity of India,
3. to faithfully and conscientiously discharge the duties of his
Office.
The term of the Prime Minister is not fixed and he holds office during
the pleasure of the president. However, this does not mean that the
president can dismiss the Prime Minister at any time. So long as the
Prime Minister enjoys the majority support in the Lok Sabha, he
cannot be dismissed by the President. However, if he loses the
confidence of the Lok Sabha, he must resign or the President can
dismiss him.
The salary and allowances of the Prime Minister are determined by
the Parliament from time to time. He gets the salary and allowances
that are payable to a member of Parliament. Additionally, he gets a
sumptuary allowance, free accommodation, travelling allowance,
medical facilities, etc. In 2001, the Parliament increased his sumptuary
allowance from ₹1,500 to ₹3,000 per month.
In Relation to Council of Ministers
The Prime Minister enjoys the following powers as head of the Union
council of ministers:
1. He recommends persons who can be appointed as ministers by the
president. The President can appoint only those persons as ministers
who are recommended by the Prime Minister.
2. He allocates and reshuffles various portfolios among the ministers.
3. 3. He can ask a minister to resign or advise the President to dismiss
him in case of difference of opinion.
4. He presides over the meeting of the council of ministers and
influences its decisions.
5. He guides, directs, controls, and coordinates the activities of all the
ministers.
In Relation to the President
The Prime Minister enjoys the following powers in relation to the
President:
1. He is the principal channel of communication between the President
and the council of ministers.
2. He advises the president with regard to the appointment of
important officials like attorney general of India, Comptroller and
Auditor General of India, chairman and members of the UPSC,
election commissioners, chairman and members of the finance
commission and so on.
Other Powers & Functions
In addition to the above-mentioned three major roles, the Prime
Minister has various other roles. These are:
1. He is the chairman of the NITI Ayog (which succeeded the planning
commission), InterState Council, National Water Resources Council
and some other bodies.
2. He plays a significant role in shaping the foreign policy of the
country.
3. He is the chief spokesman of the Union government.
RELATIONSHIP WITH THE PRESIDENT
4. Article 74
There shall be a council of ministers with the Prime Minister at the
head to aid and advise the President who shall, in the exercise of his
functions, act in accordance with such advice.
Article 75
(a) The Prime Minister shall be appointed by the President and the
other ministers shall be appointed by the president on the advice of
the Prime Minister; (b) The ministers shall hold office during the
pleasure of the president; and (c) The council of ministers shall be
collectively responsible to the House of the People.