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What's Welsh for Crowdsourcing?: Citizen Science at the National Library of Wales
- 1. What’s Welsh for Crowdsourcing?: Citizen Science at the National Library of Wales Prof Lorna Hughes @lornamhughes Ymchwil Research www.llgc.org.uk/research
- 2. Ymchwil Research Digital Collections and the National Library of Wales • Digitisation supports: • Access to Welsh and Celtic materials by global audience • Preservation • Collections enhancement and reunification • Transformation of scholarship • Community engagement • A cohesive, national collection • Underlying principle: free access to digital content • www.llgc.org.uk
- 3. Ymchwil Research The National Digital Library of Wales • A cohesive, national collection, with an underlying principle of free access to digital content • Based on internal expertise/capacity in the entire digital lifecycle: selection, conservation, capture, management and preservation • Copyright and other intellectual property rights cleared as a managed part of digitisation process: – Where material is on deposit and/or the current rights holders are known, permission is requested: where declined, materials are not used; when current rights holder is unknown, reasonable efforts are made to identify and/or contact the rights holder • Digitised resources licensed for re-use and re-purposing under an open license (BY-NC-SA): Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial- Sharealike license • Fee access is key to realising the potential community, social, research and economic benefits of digitised resources
- 4. Ymchwil Research NLW Research Programme in Digital Collections UNDERSTANDING USE Understand use of existing digital content ENHANCING CONTENT Identify ways of making existing digital content more useful for research, teaching or community engagement DEVELOPING NEW DIGITAL CONTENT develop new digital content that addresses specific research or education needs, in partnership with academics and other key stakeholders Bringing Digital Humanities to the Digital Library: llgc.org.uk/research
- 5. Research Programme in Digital Collections: Implementation Ymchwil Research A collaborative research programme • Around existing and emerging digital resources • Engagement with academic communities, nationally and internationally, and existing and emerging communities of practice in Digital Humanities • A focus for digital humanities in Wales Building sustainable digital resources that have an impact on scholarship • Develop strategic digitization initiatives addressing specific research needs • Foster interoperability and re-use of collections • Increasing value and impact of digital collections through use for research Develop an understanding of the use, value and impact of digital collections: for research, education and public engagement Fostering engagement with the public • Education, training and culture around NLW collections • Knowledge exchange: digitization, digital asset management and use Activities • Research on digital collections development, use and discovery • Project development, obtaining funding, developing new initiatives • Collaborations with partners in Wales and beyond • Outreach, dissemination and publications • 4 x PhD students in collaboration with Universities in Wales
- 6. Ymchwil Research Crowdsourcing at NLW • NLW has a strong tradition of working with volunteers: Archives and Records Association (ARA) fosters links links between repositories and user communities • Volunteering, community participation and social inclusion on–going priorities in NLW and Welsh Government agendas • Co-operation with the crowd enables the Library to reach a wider audience of engaged users • Libraries and other cultural heritage organisations face unprecedented budget cuts, fiscal austerity • Increased increased opportunities for interaction between users and professionals. • Encourage a sense of public ownership and responsibility to cultural heritage collections Crowdsourcing helps achieve goals that would otherwise be impossible due to lack of time, finances and resources, adding to or enriching digital content
- 7. Models of crowdsourcing projects in libraries, archives and museums • Tasks relating to correction and transcription Users correct and / or transcribe the products of digitisation processes • Contextualisation Adding further information about the context of a resource, e.g. by writing or collecting oral evidence about a resource • Adding to a collection Looking for additional resources that can be included in an exhibition (physical or virtual) or a collection • Classification Collecting descriptive metadata about resources in a collection. A common example would be social tagging. • Co-curation Using the inspiration / expertise non-professional curators to create (physical or virtual) exhibitions Ymchwil Research • Based on work by Oomen & Aroyo (2011).
- 8. Ymchwil Research Cymru 1900 / Wales 1900 Developing a a gazetteer of Welsh place names from OS 6 inch maps using a platform developed by Galaxy Zoo – launched October 2013 Crowdsourcing Sourcing tasks traditionally performed by specific individuals to a group of people or community (crowd) through an open call: e.g., to help capture, systematize or analyse large amounts of data (“citizen science”) cymru1900wales.org @cymru1900wales
- 9. Ymchwil Research Integrating crowdsourcing methods for archival transcription • Welsh Wills Online Developing transcriptions and search interface for Welsh wills at NLW • Extensive scoping of community transcription of historical records • Investigating feasibility of crowdsourcing through workshops and testing • Creating “Targetted crowdsourcing” working with archivists, family and local historians, and other experts • Developing markup of content for representation and analysis with users
- 10. Ymchwil Research ‘The snows of yesteryear: narrating extreme weather’ Building new collaborations & partnerships around digital research: Eira.llgc.org.uk
- 11. Community content: The Snows of yesteryear Ymchwil Research Eira.llgc.org.uk
- 12. Ymchwil Research Rhyfel Byd a’r profiad Cymreig Welsh experience of World War One cymruww1.llgc.org.uk (Project Blog) @CymruWW1 www.cymru1914.org
- 13. Ymchwil Research Community generated content People’s Collection Wales Workshops for Cymru1914.org http://cymruww1.llgc.org.uk/2013/08/08/947/
- 14. Ymchwil Research www.walesatwar.org Funded by
- 15. Wales at War: Crowdsourcing war memorial data in Wales Ymchwil Research
- 16. Ymchwil Research Successful Implementation of Library Crowdsourcing Projects • Managing the overall quality and accuracy of contribution • Managing copyright and intellectual property rights • Overcoming issues of ‘trust’ • Planning the technological approach to be used: there is no ‘one size fits all’ tool for all the different types of project • Managing, supporting and engaging with ‘the crowd’ as an on– going process • Volunteer efforts should be acknowledged and rewarded through public recognition, or emphasising their potential impact on scholarly endeavour • Overcoming these challenges is the key to successful projects.
- 17. Ymchwil Research Resources required • Crowdsourcing does not require fewer resources!: • Careful planning of the project from the start • Creation of communities of interest around a specific project or task • Support for those communities until the tasks are completed • Managing those who can contribute • Training individuals for very specific tasks within a project • Evaluating, moderating and editing contributions • Selecting and implementing suitable technology platforms; and, • Developing specific Library workflows to manage contributions, integrating them into the Library's existing workflows
- 18. Ymchwil Research Cyfrannu torfol • Cyfrannu torfol, ‘contribution of mass’ or ‘collective contributions’ • Consistent with concepts of collectivism, mass digitisation • Crowdsourcing utilises the multiple perspectives of the crowd: – Guiding idea: the capability of ‘the crowd’, based on collective intelligence, collaboration and the aggregation of knowledge, is often better than that of the individual • Crowdsourcing uses social engagement methods to achieve focussed, shared, large goals not achievable without a collective approach • Enables transformation of immersive interaction with Library collections, encouraging the public to collaborate in the production of new knowledge around Library collections. • Allows Libraries to build new relationships with their audiences, adding value to their collections and the organisation as a whole.
- 19. Ymchwil Research Reference: • ‘What’s Welsh for Crowdsourcing? Citizen Science and Community Engagement at the National Library of Wales’, Lyn Dafis, Lorna Hughes, Rhian James, in Crowdsourcing our Cultural Heritage, Ed. Mia Ridge, Ashgate, 2014
- 20. Ymchwil Research Thank you! Prof Lorna Hughes @lornamhughes www.llgc.org.uk/research
Editor's Notes
- 3 mins Over the past 20 years, there has been an enormous public and private investment in digital collections, through initiatives based in Libraries, Museums, Archives and Universities: UK, AHRC, JISC; Mellon, EU grants, etc. Huge increase in the volume of digital material produced by, and available to, arts and humanities researchers. Given that the source materials for arts and humanities scholarship are varied and complex, their digital surrogates are highly multimedia: text, image, moving image and audio. This massive expansion of digital resources is comparable, in its complexity if not volume, to the “data deluge” experienced by the “hard" sciences in the same period. This has created what the AHRC, in the review of their resource enhancement programme, have referred to as a “sea change” in the production and exploitation of resources, in the arts and humanities". Digital resources are the bedrock of much scholarship in the humanities. This critical mass of digital resources that is now available to Arts and Humanities researchers, offers tremendous potential to fulfill the vision articulated in the ACLS cyberinfrastructure report of 2005: “to reintegrate the cultural record, connecting its disparate parts and making the resulting whole available to one and all, over the network”. Infrastructure initiatives, like the European initiative DARIAH (Digital Research Infrastructure for the Arts and Humanities), have been established to help integrate access to digital collections, and to enhance scholarship through their use. The images in this slide are examples that show the contribution of the digital collections of the national Library of Wales to this ‘Data Deluge’. The Library has been at the forefront of mass digitization since 1998, creating online access to the Newspapers and journals of Wales; as well as manuscripts; photographs; and moving image materials. This is intended to create a cohesive ‘national’ digital collection, in a way that other national Libraries, especially those of Denmark, and other Scandinavian and Nordic countries, have been able to develop, as a sort of “small country model”, with free access to a nation’s documentary heritage. The reasons for this digital programme in Wales are a pragmatic response to particular issues associated with the Library’s mission, collections, history, and location. NLW located in the Western part of Wales, in a predominantly Welsh speaking part of the country, separated by geography, language and culture, as well as political persuasion, from the English speaking, industrial south of the country. Accessibility is key. Access – especially considering location of the library but also for enhanced access, by making collections searchable, findable and linked to related materials. Increasing demand for more content. Newspapers, photos, name-rich sources. Preservation, by providing digital surrogates of rare and fragile materials, including manuscripts; also preservation of, and access to, born digital materials Collections enhancement: through expertise in the management of the whole digital life-cycle – able to accept complex materials, e.g., moving image archives. Transformation of scholarship across the disciplines through the use of digital tools and methods for the analysis and re-use of this content for research and education Community engagement: community enrichment of collections, egg, transcriptions of wills Underpinning all NLW digitization is the underlying principle of freely available public digital collections. The free provision of all digital content is a firm commitment by NLW, in keeping with the goal of free Library provision.