Circadian rhythms are governed by an internal biological clock that can function independently of external cues like light. Jet lag occurs when rapid long-distance travel causes a person's internal clock to fall out of sync with the local environment. It takes the body longer to adjust to westward travel across time zones compared to eastward travel. Exposure to light helps resynchronize the internal clock located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus with the new time zone to reduce jet lag symptoms.