This document discusses different types of genetic abnormalities including numerical changes and structural changes. It describes five types of structural abnormalities: translocations, deletions, insertions, inversions, and duplications. Translocations involve exchanging segments between two chromosomes. Deletions involve a missing portion of a chromosome. Duplications involve duplicating a portion of a chromosome. Insertions involve a broken off segment attaching to another chromosome. Inversions artificially produce chromosome breaks and inverted reattachments without changing chromosome morphology.

5. Types
Numerical - change in no.
Structural – change in structure

6. Structural abnormalities
1. Translocations
2. Deletions
3. Insertions
4. Inversions
5. Duplication

7. Translocation
Segments from two different chromosomes are
exchanged

8. Deletions
A portion of chromosome
is missing or deleted

9. Duplication
A portion of chromosome is duplicated

10. Insertions
A segment of chromosome breaks off,
and attaches to another chromosome

13. 1.Artificially:
It can be produces by
X-irradiation in laboratory,
Chromosome break into pieces, these pieces
reattach in inverted form.

17. Morphology of the chromosome will not be
change