Ob chp08

Chapter 8 Emotions and Moods
MULTIPLE CHOICE
What are Emotions and Moods?
1. Which of the following is a generic term that covers a broad range of feelings that people
experience?
a. affect
b. emotions
c. moods
d. emotional labor
e. cognition
(a; Easy; p. 260)
2. What term is used for intense feelings that are directed at someone or something?
a. affect
b. cognition
c. moods
d. thoughts
e. emotions
(e; Easy; p. 260)
3. What term is used for feelings that tend to be less intense than emotions?
a. affect
b. cognition
c. moods
d. thoughts
e. emotions
(c; Easy; p. 260)
4. Erin works on a software help desk. After being yelled at by a customer about the state of her
company’s software, she becomes angry, and has to take a short break to calm down. What
makes her anger an emotion, rather than a mood?
a. it is a simple, unambiguous feeling
b. it interferes with her capacity to work effectively
c. it has a contextual stimulus
d. it can be controlled given some time
e. it cannot be controlled when it is elicited
(c; Moderate; p. 260)
5. When the team he supports wins the World Cup, Detleb feels a surge of joy, which turns into a
feeling of satisfaction that lasts for days. What is one of the reasons that the feeling of satisfaction
might be categorized as a mood and not an emotion?
a. it is a very strong feeling
b. it is brought about by a specific event
c. it has a lengthy duration
d. it is a positive feeling
e. it is not the result of something that Detleb himself has done
6. Which of the following is not true concerning emotions?
a. Some emotions can reduce employee performance.
b. Employees bring an emotional component with them to work every day.
c. Emotions are neutral factors in organizational behavior.
d. In the past, emotions were rarely viewed as being constructive.
156

e. Some emotions can enhance employee performance.
7. Which of the following statements is true?
a. Affect is a type of emotion.
b. Affect is a type of mood.
c. Affect can be experienced as a mood or an emotion.
d. Affect is the result of conscious thought and action.
e. Affect is the result of a mood or an emotion.
8. Which of the following statements is generally accepted by experts?
a. moods cause emotions
b. emotions cause moods
c. moods and emotions are both caused by introspection
d. moods and emotions are the same phenomena
e. moods and emotions can mutually influence one another
(e; Challenging; p. 261)
9. Which of the following is not one of the six universal emotions, as agreed upon by most
contemporary researchers?
a. anger
b. fear
c. hate
d. sadness
e. happiness
10. In what part of the brain do all emotions originate?
a. neocortex
b. cortex
c. stem
d. hypothalamus
e. limbic system
11. Differences in which of the following results in different people giving different responses to
identical emotion-provoking stimuli?
a. intensity
b. consensus
c. consistency
d. pervasiveness
e. personality
(e; Moderate; p. 263)
12. When Phineas Gage had an iron bar driven through his brain he _____.
a. died immediately
b. became uncontrollably violent
c. became much more intelligent
d. lost the ability to encode new memories
e. lost the ability to experience emotions
13. What does the case of Phineas Gage serve to illustrate?
a. effective management
b. why women are ineffective managers
157

c. intelligent design
d. the effectiveness of the matrix structure
e. the importance of emotions on reasoning
(e; Moderate; p. 263-264)
14. Evolutionary psychology has which of the following views on negative emotions such as anger
and jealousy?
a. they are a biological imperative that cannot be controlled
b. they are only negative in the way they make us feel, however they are a great help when we
have to interact in complex situations
c. they are necessary if we are to function efficiently amid the stresses of contemporary life
d. they are vestiges of our past as hunter gatherers that will be lost as we continue to evolve
e. they serve a useful adaptive purpose, even if it is not readily apparent
15. According to the evolutionary psychology perspective, a person incapable of experiencing
emotions would _____.
a. have an evolutionary advantage
b. be at an evolutionary disadvantage
c. not have either an evolutionary advantage or disadvantage
d. have an advantage if they were female and a disadvantage if they were male
e. have an advantage if they were male and a disadvantage if they were female
(b; Moderate; p. 264)
16. Which of the following is not true about emotions?
a. They can be positive.
b. They can be negative.
c. They can be neutral.
d. Emotions can affect moods.
e. Moods can affect emotions.
17. Which of the following are the categories into which emotions are usually grouped?
a. simple and complex
b. positive and complex
c. complex and negative
d. simple and negative
e. positive and negative
(e; Easy; p. 265)
18. Which of the following is a mood dimension consisting of positive emotions.
a. positive regard
b. static regard
c. negative affect
d. emotional range
e. positive affect
(e; Easy; p. 265)
19. Which of the following is a mood dimension consisting of nervousness, stress and anxiety at one
end and relaxation, tranquility, and poise at the other?
a. positive regard
b. static regard
c. negative affect
d. emotional range
e. positive affect
158

20. _____ is an emotion that falls into the category of high positive affect.
a. Serene
b. Elated
c. Tense
d. Thoughtful
e. Fatigued
21. A researcher finds that people who work in a fish processing plant, doing work that most people
find extremely unpleasant, still have a positive mood about 60 percent of the time. Such a finding
could most likely be explained by which of the following?
a. the altered enhancement effect
b. self-elation
c. the fundamental attribution error
d. self-serving bias
e. positivity offset
22. What is positivity offset?
a. having misperceptions of one’s environment
b. experiencing self-elation
c. experiencing the fundamental attribution error
d. when there is negative input most people exhibit a self-serving bias
e. at zero input most people experience a mildly positive mood
23. Which of the following is the term used for the strength with which individuals experience
emotion?
a. emotionality
b. affect intensity
c. crank response
d. adaptability
e. reflexivity
(b; Easy; p. 266)
24. Ben is very prone to experiencing emotions in a much stronger manner than most other people.
Things that wouldn’t provoke any significant emotional response in the average person often
send him into fits of happiness, anger, or depression. Ben has a high level of which of the
following?
a. introversion
b. negative affect
c. extraversion
d. positive affect
e. affect intensity
25. On which of the following days do people tend to be in their best moods?
a. Monday
b. Tuesday
c. Wednesday
d. Friday
e. Sunday
(d; Moderate; p. 267)
26. Research suggests which of the following relationships exists between weather and mood?
159

a. a moderately positive
b. a moderately negative
c. a strong positive
d. a strong negative
e. weather tends to have little effect on mood
(e; Moderate; p. 268-269)
27. Gerardo believes that every time he picks up a penny he is blessed with good fortune, since the
last time he picked up a penny he had a lottery win, and the time before that he got a big bonus at
work. Gerardo’s perception is likely a product of a(n) _____.
a. conjunction error
b. fundamental attribution error
c. ultimate attribution error
d. self-serving bias
e. illusory correlation
28. Peter is a counselor at a drug treatment program. Today he is under quite a lot of stress: he has a
grant proposal to write by the end of the day, he is scheduled to counsel a client who has proved
difficult in the past and his supervisor has written him up for being late to work. How will the stress
from these events probably affect Peter’s mood?
a. gradually worsen his mood
b. gradually improve his mood
c. suddenly worsen his mood
d. suddenly improve his mood
e. it will likely have little actual effect on his mood
(a; Easy; p. 269)
29. What effect does stress typically have on mood?
a. short-term positive
b. long-term positive
c. short term positive but long term negative
d. negative
e. small and insignificant
30. Research shows that for most people, the effect of social activities is which of the following?.
a. decreases positive mood
b. increases positive mood
c. increases negative mood
d. decreases negative mood
e. it will have little effect on mood
31. Valerie is in a negative mood, so she decides to see a movie with her friends to improve her
mood. What effect will this activity likely have on her negative mood?
a. strongly decrease it
b. moderately decrease it
c. have little or no effect on it
d. moderately increase it
e. strongly increase it
32. Which of the following has been shown to have the greatest effect on lifespan?
a. gender
b. blood pressure
160

c. cholesterol
d. isolation from others
e. social company
33. According to a recent poll, people are getting _____ sleep than they did in the past.
a. more
b. less
c. higher quality
d. deeper
e. lighter
34. Jo has a job interview. Which of the following will probably not have an effect on the way she
reacts emotionally to the interview?
a. How much sleep Jo had the night before.
b. How much exercise Jo regularly gets.
c. Jo’s age.
d. Jo’s gender.
e. The weather on the day of the interview.
35. Which of the following statements is not true about the difference between men and women when
it comes to emotional reactions?
a. Women show greater emotional expression.
b. Men express emotions more intensely.
c. Men express anger more frequently.
d. Women may have a greater need for social approval.
e. Women express emotions more intensely.
(b; Moderate; p. 270-271)
36. Which of the following is not true concerning cultural influences impacting emotions?
a. Cultural factors influence what is or isn’t considered as emotionally appropriate.
b. What’s acceptable in one culture may seem unusual or even dysfunctional in another.
c. All cultures agree on the interpretation they give to emotions.
d. There tends to be high agreement on what emotions mean within cultures.
e. Culture dictates how we construe emotional displays.
37. Clare is an upper level manager at a large American company. When her personal assistant is
not prompt in performing his duties, she shows her impatience in open displays of anger. Why is
such a display unusual in the workplace?
a. reprimanding an underling is best done in a distanced and emotionless manner
b. displays of negative emotions are usually unacceptable in most American organizations
c. legislation has all but eliminated this sort of behavior from the workplace
d. most American organizations strive for an emotionally charged climate
e. displays of intense emotion tend to undermine performance
(b; Challenging; p. 272)
38. When Tahitians are sad, their peers attribute their state to a physical illness. Which of the
following facts does this best illustrate?
a. the norms for the expression of emotions differ across cultures
b. the value people place on emotions varies across cultures?
c. the degree to which people experience emotions varies across cultures?
d. it’s easier for people to accurately recognize emotions within their own culture than in those of
other cultures.
161

e. some cultures’ interpretations of emotions may be very different from those in America
Emotional Labor
39. If an employee expresses organizationally desired emotions during interpersonal transactions,
which of the following is being expressed?
a. emotional labor
b. negative synergy
c. dissonance
d. emotional intelligence
e. deviance
(a; Moderate; p. 274)
40. What term is used for those emotions that an organization requires workers to show and
considers appropriate in a given job?
a. felt
b. displayed
c. conditional
d. required
e. mandated
41. _____ emotions are the emotions an individual actually is experiencing, despite what they might
outwardly show.
a. Felt
b. Displayed
c. Conditional
d. Exposed
e. Suppressed
(a; Easy; p. 274)
42. Julie smiles and acts politely towards a customer at her checkout, even though she really deeply
dislikes this customer. What is the likely result of the disparity between the emotion Julie displays
and the emotions she is actually experiencing?
a. felt emotions
b. emotional dissonance
c. conditional emotional response
d. emotional distance
e. emotional exposure
43. What do you call the practice of hiding inner feelings by modifying facial expressions?
a. surface acting
b. deep acting
c. emotional subterfuge
d. affective camouflage
e. repressed affection
44. What do you call the practice of modifying one’s true inner feelings based on display rules?
a. surface acting
b. deep acting
c. emotional subterfuge
d. affective camouflage
e. repressed affection
162

45. Surface acting deals only with _____ emotions.
a. negative
b. weak
c. strong
d. displayed
e. felt
46. Gina and Hanna are teachers. Gina dislikes her students, but pretends she likes them by making
sure she acts in a friendly manner toward them. Hanna also dislikes her students, but is trying to
change the way she feels about them. Which of these teachers is most likely to feel the most
stress from their actions and why?
a. Gina, since she has to feign genuine emotion
b. Gina, since her deep emotions conflict with what her job requires
c. Hanna, since she will probably display her true feelings before she changes her deep
emotions
d. Hanna, since it is very difficult to change displayed emotion
e. Their actions are unlikely to cause stress.
(a; Challenging; p. 275)
47. For jobs that are cognitively demanding, increasing emotional demands lead to _____ pay. For
jobs that are not cognitively demanding, increasing emotional demands lead to _____ pay.
a. higher; higher
b. lower; lower
c. higher; lower
d. lower; higher
e. there is no relationship between pay and emotional demands
Affective Events Theory
48. What is the name of the theory that has demonstrated that employees react emotionally to things
that happen to them at work and that this reaction influences their job performance and
satisfaction?
a. psychoanalytic theory
b. the actor/observer bias
c. the theory of planned behavior
d. cognitive dissonance theory
e. affective events theory
(e; Easy; p. 277)
49. Tests of AET have not shown which of the following to be true?
a. both current and past emotions influence job satisfaction at any given time.
b. an emotional episode contains elements of both emotions and mood cycles
c. moods and emotions fluctuate over time so their effect on performance also fluctuates
d. positive emotions have a strong positive influence on job performance
e. emotion-driven behaviors are typically short in duration and of high variability
(d; Challenging; p. 278)
Emotional Intelligence
50. Which of the following is the term used for an assortment of non-cognitive skills, capabilities, and
competencies that influence a person’s ability to succeed in coping with environmental demands
and pressures.
163

a. emotional intelligence
b. AET
c. emotional external constraints
d. affective emotions
e. cognition
(a; Easy; p. 278)
51. Which of the following is not a key component of emotional intelligence?
a. self-awareness
b. self-management
c. commitment
d. empathy
e. social skills
(c; Challenging; p. 278)
52. Which of the following is the dimension of emotional intelligence that describes the ability to
manage your own emotions and impulses?
a. self-awareness
b. self-management
c. commitment
d. empathy
e. social-skills
(b; Easy; p. 278)
53. Emotional intelligence appears to be especially relevant in jobs that demand which of the
following?
a. social interaction
b. commitment
c. task structure
d. charisma
e. leadership skills
54. Which of the following is not an argument that supports the existence of emotional intelligence?
a. EI is practically indistinguishable from the established concepts of intelligence and personality
b. High levels of EI are associated with favorable peer review.
c. People without the ability to process emotions have been proved to be poor decision makers.
d. A high level of EI is a good predictor of job performance.
e. It is intuitively appealing
(a; Challenging; p. 279-280)
55. Some researchers doubt the existence of emotional intelligence. Which of the following is an
argument they use against it?
a. EI assumes that decisions made emotively are superior to those made dispassionately.
b. Emotions cannot be measured by testing as can be done for personality or intelligence.
c. The tests used to measure EI are too simplistic in what they define as right and wrong
answers.
d. The concept of EI is so broad and variegated as to render it effectively meaningless.
e. People with high EI appear to be high performers in the eyes of others rather than in reality
OB Applications of Emotions and Moods
56. Whether a candidate has high emotional intelligence would not be a significant factor when
considering candidates for which of the following jobs?
a. An interviewer who assesses candidates in an employment agency.
164

b. An engineer heading up a team designing a complex software/hardware interface.
c. A meeting planner who must set up meetings for candidates around the world.
d. A copy-editor who seeks out spelling errors and grammatical mistakes in manuscripts.
e. A realtor arranging sales between homeowners and potential buyers
57. Studies show that people who are depressed tend to make poorer decisions than those with a
more positive outlook. Why is this thought to be the case?
a. they tend to choose an outcome that will confirm their negative worldview
b. they search for the perfect solution when rarely is any solution perfect
c. they rarely weigh up all the options when making a decision
d. they avoid stereotyping and other behaviors that allow them to come to a rapid decision
e. they tend to put too great a value on their own ability to affect outcomes
58. Francine is the head of a group at an ad agency working with copywriters, artists and designers
to come up with effective branding of new products. Why is it particularly important for her to keep
her team happy?
a. people are more conscientious when they are in a good mood
b. people are more efficient when they are in a good mood
c. people are more productive when they are in a good mood
d. people are more cooperative when they are in a good mood
e. people are more creative when they are in a good mood
(e; Easy; p. 282)
59. In what way is negotiation different from other activities in the workplace?
a. a lack of emotion improves performance
b. feeling bad about your performance in a negotiation is likely to improve future performance
c. displaying negative emotions such as anger is ineffective
d. negative outcomes do not mean that negative emotions will result
e. a negative emotional state enhances performance
TRUE/FALSE
What are Emotions and Moods?
60. Moods are intense feelings that are directed at someone or something.
(False; Moderate; p. 260)
61. Affect is a generic term that covers a broad range of feelings that people experience.
(True; Easy; p. 260)
62. Good or bad moods can make you more emotional in response to an event.
63. Moods are feelings that tend to be less intense than emotions.
64. Emotions are object-specific.
(True; Moderate; p. 260)
65. Some emotions can reduce employee performance.
66. Employees bring an emotional component with them to work every day.
165

67. Emotions are neutral factors in organizational behavior.
68. In the past, emotions were rarely viewed as being constructive.
69. “Insight” is a broad term that encompasses both emotions and moods.
70. It is generally accepted that moods and emotions can mutually influence one another.
(True; Challenging; p. 261)
71. All emotions originate in the brain’s hypothalamus,
(False; Challenging; p. 262)
72. Research has identified six universal emotions: anger, fear, sadness, happiness, disgust, and
surprise.
73. Evidence confirms there is no real difference between men and women when it comes to
emotional reactions and ability to read others.
(False; Easy; p. 262-263)
74. Personality and job requirements are two reasons that explain why different people give different
responses to identical emotion-provoking stimuli.
75. The case of Phineas Gage serves to illustrate the importance of emotions.
(True; Moderate; p. 263-264)
76. According to the physiological enhancement perspective, we experience emotions because they
enhance our chances of passing on our genes.
77. According to the evolutionary psychology perspective, a person incapable of experiencing
emotions would have an evolutionary advantage.
78. Emotions can be neutral.
79. We can group emotions into positive and negative categories.
80. Negative affect is a mood dimension consisting of nervousness, stress and anxiety at one end
and relaxation, tranquility, and poise at the other.
81. Positive affect is a mood dimension consisting of excitement, self-assurance, and cheerfulness at
one end and boredom, sluggishness, and tiredness at the other.
82. Elated is an emotion that falls into the category of low negative affect.
166

83. Fatigued is an emotion that falls into the category of low positive affect.
84. Thoughtful is an emotion that falls into the category of high negative affect.
85. Serene is an emotion that falls into the category of high positive affect.
86. When nothing in particular is going on most individuals experience a mildly positive mood. This is
known as positivity offset.
87. Affect intensity is an individual difference measuring the strength with which people experience
emotion.
88. Eric is very prone to experiencing emotions in a much stronger manner than most other people.
Things that wouldn’t provoke any significant emotional response in the average person often
send him into fits of happiness, anger, or depression. Eric has a high level of affect intensity.
89. People tend to be in their best moods on Sunday.
90. Research suggests that weather has no effect on mood.
91. An illusory correlation occurs when people associate two events but in reality there is no
connection between the events.
92. Stress typically has a negative effect on mood.
93. For most people social activities decrease positive mood.
94. For most people social activities have little effect on negative mood.
95. Social company has been shown to have a large positive effect on lifespan.
96. There tends to be high agreement on what emotions mean within cultures, but not between
cultures.
97. According to a recent poll, people are getting progressively less sleep.
98. Women generally show greater emotional expression than do men.
99. Men generally express emotions more intensely than do women.
167

(False; Moderate; p. 270-271)
100. Men generally express anger more frequently than do women.
101. Women may have a greater need for social approval than do men.
102. Woman generally can read emotions better than men.
103. Cultural factors influence what is or isn’t considered as emotionally appropriate.
104. What’s acceptable in one culture may seem unusual or even dysfunctional in another.
105. All cultures tend to agree on the interpretation given to emotions.
106. It is likely that most people within a given culture would agree on what a particular emotion
means.
107. Culture dictates how we construe emotional displays.
108. The concept of emotional labor originally developed in relation to service jobs.
109. In a highly individualistic culture an observer seeing a happy expression on a friend’s face would
tend to think that the friend is happy because of something the observer has done.
110. When Tahitians are sad their emotion is typically attributed to physical illness.
Emotional Labor
111. If an employee expresses organizationally desired emotions during interpersonal transactions,
the employee is performing emotional labor.
112. Emotions that are organizationally required and considered appropriate in a given job are termed
displayed emotions.
113. Conditional emotions are an individual’s actual emotions.
(False; Easy; p. 274)
114. Displayed emotions and felt emotions are generally the same.
115. Displayed emotions are innate.
168

116. Felt emotions are an individual’s actual emotions.
117. Deep acting is hiding inner feelings by modifying facial expressions.
118. Deep acting involves modifying inner feelings.
119. Surface acting deals only with strong emotions.
120. Deep acting deals only with felt emotions.
121. The correlation between the cognitive demands of jobs and compensation is high.
122. The correlation between the emotional demands of jobs and compensation is high.
Affective Events Theory
123. Affective events theory demonstrates that employees react emotionally to things that happen to
them at work and that this reaction influences their job performance and satisfaction.
Emotional Intelligence
124. Self-awareness is a dimension of emotional intelligence?
125. Self-management is a key component of emotional intelligence.
126. Self-management is being aware of what you are feeling
(False; Easy; p. 278)
127. Emotional intelligence appears to be especially relevant in jobs that demand a high degree of
social interaction.
128. Studies of U.S. presidents seem to show that the ones judged the most successful had high EI.
129. Studies have not shown a clear correlation between emotional intelligence and performance.
(False; Easy; p. 279-280)
130. Critics of EI have criticized it for being poorly defined.
(True; Easy; p 280)
131. Cognitive ability accounts for more than 85% of star performance in top leaders.
132. The ability to effectively manage emotions may be critical to success in leadership positions.
169

133. Emotions can hinder performance.
134. Emotions can enhance performance.
135. Emotional labor recognizes that feelings should be stifled because they are detrimental to a job’s
required behavior.
136. Emotional intelligence is an essential element in leadership effectiveness.
137. Recent studies indicate that emotional intelligence is the best predictor of who will emerge as a
leader.
138. People who are good at reading others’ emotions may be more effective in their jobs.
OB Applications of Emotions and Moods
139. One clear application of EI is in screening candidates for positions that require a great deal of
social interaction.
140. People in good moods are less likely to cut corners by using rules of thumb to help them make
decisions
141. A cycle can exist in which positive moods cause people to be more creative, which leads to
positive feedback from those observing their work, which in turn results in a positive mood.
142. Managers should ignore emotional elements in interpersonal conflicts between their staff, and
instead focus on rational and task-related concerns.
143. Several studies have shown that negotiators who fake anger in a negotiation can win an
advantage over their opponents by doing so.
144. For most people, it appears that a negative mood resulting from a bad day at work does not carry
over to the next day.
145. Research indicates that when leaders are in good moods, group members are more positive, and
as a result the members cooperate more.
SCENARIO-BASED QUESTIONS
Application of Emotional Intelligence and Leadership Effectiveness
170

As the CEO of a corporation, you have learned to understand the role of emotional intelligence in the
workplace. You have worked hard to develop emotional intelligence in your vice-presidents, but believe
that some are still struggling. Alan, the V.P. of Employee Relations, does a great job in most respects, but
you have noticed that he is very concerned about his image and does not take joking about his abilities
well. Beth, your V.P. of Engineering, is comfortable with the status quo and likes to know exactly what to
expect. Clem, who is the V.P. of Marketing, has driven his department to new successes in sales, but also
by driving them so hard has created new records of turnover ofemployees. Denise has led Production
well, but has scoffed at the trend in the industry to create production teams, and is generally fairly blunt
when giving her opinion of others’ ideas. Finally, Emmet, the V.P. of Finance, seems to always be
negative about the future of the company, even though the troubles that beset the company several years
ago have been overcome. Based on these observations, you believe that each one is particularly lacking
in one of the key components of emotional intelligence.
146. You would say that Emmet is lacking in _____.
a. self-awareness
b. self-motivation
c. empathy
d. social skills
e. self-management
147. You would say that Denise is lacking in _____.
a. self-awareness
b. self-management
c. empathy
d. social skills
e. self-motivation
148. You would say that Clem is lacking in _____.
a. self-awareness
b. self-management
c. empathy
d. social skills
e. self-motivation
(c; Challenging; p. 278)
149. You would say that Beth is lacking in _____.
a. self-awareness
b. self-management
c. empathy
d. self-motivation
e. social skills
150. You would say that Alan is lacking in _____.
a. self-awareness
b. self-management
c. empathy
d. social skills
e. self-motivation
SHORT DISCUSSION QUESTIONS
151. What is the difference between felt emotions and displayed emotions?
171

You can better understand emotions if you separate them into felt versus displayed. Felt
emotions are an individual’s actual emotions. In contrast, displayed emotions are those
that are organizationally-required and considered appropriate in a given job. The key
point here is that felt and displayed emotions are often different. (Pages 274)
152. Explain the differences between the following terms: affect, emotions, and moods.
Affect is a generic term that covers a broad range of feelings that people experience. It’s
an umbrella concept that encompasses both emotions and moods. Emotions are intense
feelings that are directed at someone or something. Finally, moods are feelings that tend
to be less intense than emotions and which lack a contextual stimulus. (Page 260)
MEDIUM LENGTH DISCUSSION QUESTIONS
153. What is emotional intelligence?
Emotional intelligence refers to an assortment of non-cognitive skills, capabilities, and
competencies that influence a person’s ability to succeed in coping with environmental
demands and pressure. A high level of EI allows individuals to detect and manage
emotional cues and information. Without EI, a person can have outstanding training, a
highly analytical mind, a long-term vision, and an endless supply of terrific ideas, but still
not make a great leader. This is especially true as individuals move up in an organization.
The evidence indicates that the higher the rank of a person considered to be a star
performer, the more that EI capabilities surface as the reason for his or her effectiveness.
Specifically, when star performers were compared with average ones in senior
management positions, nearly 90 percent of the difference in their effectiveness was
attributable to EI factors rather than basic intelligence. (Page 278)
154. What are the five dimensions of emotional intelligence?
Emotional intelligence is composed of five dimensions. Self-awareness is being aware of
what you’re feeling. Self-management is the ability to manage one’s own emotions and
impulses. Self-motivation is the ability to persist in the face of setbacks and failures.
Empathy is the ability to sense how others are feeling. Social skill is the ability to handle
the emotions of others. (Page 278)
155. Discuss whether there are gender differences regarding emotions.
The evidence confirms differences between men and women when it comes to emotional
reactions and ability to read others. In contrasting the genders, women show greater
emotional expression than men; they experience emotions more intensely; and they
display more frequent expressions of both positive and negative emotions, except anger.
In contrast to men, women also report more comfort in expressing emotions. Finally,
women are better at reading nonverbal and paralinguistic cues than are men. These
differences may be explained by the way men and women have been socialized, that
women may have more innate ability to read others and present their emotions than do
men, and women may have a greater need for social approval, and thus a higher
propensity to show positive emotions. (Page 262-263)
COMPREHENSIVE ESSAYS
156. Explain the importance of EI (emotional intelligence) and explain its five key components.
EI is emotional intelligence. The five components of emotional intelligence are self-
awareness, self-management, self-motivation, empathy, and social skills. Leaders need
172

basic intelligence and job-relevant knowledge, but these are only threshold capabilities.
The possession of EI allows an individual to become a star performer. Self-awareness is
exhibited by self-confident, realistic self-assessment, and a self-deprecating sense of
humor. Self-management is exhibited by trustworthiness and integrity, comfort with
ambiguity, and openness to change. Self-motivation is exhibited by a strong drive to
achieve, optimism, and high organizational commitment. Empathy is exhibited by
expertise in building and retaining talent, cross-cultural sensitivity, and service to clients
and customers. Social skills are exhibited by the ability to lead change, persuasiveness,
and expertise in building and leading teams. (Pages 278)
173

Ob chp08

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

What's hot

What's hot (20)

Viewers also liked

Viewers also liked (20)

Similar to Ob chp08

Similar to Ob chp08 (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Ob chp08