Chondropathies
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Chondropathy refers to diseases of the cartilage that are graded from 0-4, with 0-2 being normal and 3-4 being diseased. Some common diseases involving cartilage are osteoarthritis, which causes thinning and wearing of articular cartilage in joints; achondroplasia, which causes dwarfism from reduced cartilage growth; and costochondritis, which is inflammation of rib cartilage causing chest pain. Osteochondrosis is a term for disorders affecting the growing skeleton from abnormal growth, injury, or overuse of growth plates.
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This document discusses several congenital malformations of the respiratory system. It describes choanal atresia where the nasal passage is blocked, as well as laryngeal webs that block the larynx. It also mentions laryngoceles, which are air sacs connecting to the larynx that protrude in the neck. Congenital cystic lung diseases and agenesis of the lung, where it is partially or completely absent, can also occur. Various conditions like these that affect the nose, larynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs are classified in the ICD-10 coding system.
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This document discusses several congenital malformations of the nervous system, including anencephaly, acephaly, microcephaly, congenital hydrocephalus, agyria, lissencephaly, and spina bifida. Anencephaly is the absence of a major portion of the brain, skull, and scalp that occurs during embryonic development. Microcephaly is a condition where the brain does not develop properly, resulting in a smaller than normal head. Congenital hydrocephalus is a condition where there is abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid within the brain, typically causing increased pressure inside the skull. Spina bifida is a birth defect where there is incomplete closing of the backbone and membranes
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Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
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Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
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Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
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Chondropathies
- 2. • chondropathy refers to a disease of the cartilage. It is frequently divided into 5 grades, with 0-2 defined as normal, and 3-4 defined as diseased.
- 3. • Some common diseases affecting/involving the cartilage are • Osteoarthritis: The cartilage covering bones (articular cartilage) is thinned, eventually completely worn out, resulting in a "bone against bone" joint, resulting in pain and reduced mobility.
- 4. • Achondroplasia: Reduced proliferation of chondrocytes in the epiphyseal plate of long bones during infancy and childhood, resulting in dwarfism. • Costochondritis: Inflammation of cartilage in the ribs, causing chest pain.
- 5. • Spinal disc herniation: Asymmetrical compression of an intervertebral disc ruptures the sac-like disc, causing a herniation of its soft content. The hernia compresses the adjacent nerves and causes back pain. • Relapsing polychondritis: a destruction, probably autoimmune, of cartilage, especially of the nose and ears, causing disfiguration. Death occurs by suffocation as the larynx loses its rigidity and collapses.
- 6. • osteochondrosis is a term used to describe a group of disorders that affect the growing skeleton. These disorders result from abnormal growth, injury, or overuse of the developing growth plate and surrounding ossification centers. • Juvenile osteochondrosis occurs in children
- 7. • Coxa plana flattening of the head of the femur resulting from osteoch ondrosis of its epiphysis. • Pseudocoxalgia osteochondrosis of the capitular epiphysis of the femur. • coxa magna enlargement and often deformation of the femoral head; usually refers to a sequela of Legg-Calvé- Perthes disease or osteoarthritis.
- 8. Osteochondritis dissecans • osteochondritis resulting in the splitting of pieces of cartilage into the joint, particularly theknee joint or shoulder joint. The fragment of cartilage is called a join t mouse.
- 9. • Juvenile osteochondrosis of hip and pelvis-M91 • Other juvenile osteochondrosis-M92 • Other osteochondropathies- M93 • Other disorders of cartilage- M94 • https://www.medesunglobal.com
- 10. THANK YOU