Transporting Children Safely (rev. 3 2020)ArrowMarketing
1. This document provides information on safely transporting children in vehicles, including selecting the appropriate child safety seat based on a child's age, weight, and height. It discusses key factors like crash physics, safety restraints, and correct installation of child seats.
2. Caregivers are responsible for children's safety during transport and must understand child passenger safety. This training covers selecting the proper child safety seat, correctly positioning a child within it, and securely installing the seat in a vehicle.
3. Installing a child safety seat correctly using either the seat belt or LATCH system is important to protect children in crashes. Caregivers should seek assistance from a certified technician to check their installation.
- Quebec's independence movement seeks to protect French language and culture and have Quebec separate from Canada as an independent nation.
- Two referendums in 1980 and 1995 saw Quebec voters choose to remain part of Canada, though the 1995 vote was very close at 49.4% favoring separation.
- The Canadian government has tried to appease separatists through reforms that recognize French as an official language and require government documents be published in both English and French. However, some still believe Quebec should be fully independent from Canada.
Adoption can be legal as well as illegal in India(Only Legal adoption recognized and Valid).
Under Indian law adoption is legal coalition between the party willing for adoption and a child,
Subject matter of ‘personal law’ where Hindu, Buddhist, Jaina or Sikh by religion can make a legal adoption.
No separate adoption laws for Muslims, Christians and Parsis, so they have to approach court under the Guardians and Wards Act, 1890 for legal adoption.
According to section 2(aa) of the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Amendment Act, 2006, “adoption means the process through which the adopted child is permanently separated from his biological parent and becomes the legitimate child of his adoptive parents with all right, privileges and responsibility that are attached to the relationship”.
The document discusses children's rights and the current situation of children in India. It outlines that children have the right to survive, develop, be protected and participate in decisions that impact their lives. However, for many children in India, their rights to education, nutrition, health care and protection from abuse and exploitation are not being met. The government and NGOs are working to implement policies and programs to uphold children's rights as defined by the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child.
Vincent and Susie have 6 children ages 8, 7, 5, 3, 2, and 2 months. Vincent works hard as a carpenter but also does other jobs, while Susie complains that there is never enough food or time. Most of the children have stopped school to work in fields. The doctor told Susie not to have more children as her health is poor. They did not plan family size due to customs. Responsible parenthood considers the parental role in guiding children, emotional readiness, building family relationships, and having knowledge to rear children well.
The document summarizes key events during the Texas Revolution that led to Texas independence. It describes how Sam Houston took command of the Texas army after the fall of the Alamo weakened morale. Houston ordered retreat to avoid confronting Santa Anna's larger force. Many Texans fled east in the "Runaway Scrape". At Goliad, over 400 Texan soldiers were executed after surrendering. Houston continued training his growing army. On April 21, Houston launched a surprise attack at San Jacinto, defeating Santa Anna's army in 18 minutes and capturing Santa Anna, securing Texas' independence.
The document discusses child welfare and protection services in India. It outlines that child welfare services aim to ensure the well-being of children, especially those lacking parental care. It also discusses key laws and frameworks to protect children's rights such as the Juvenile Justice Act, Integrated Child Protection Scheme, and Childline service which provides emergency assistance to children. Major initiatives to support children such as the mid-day meal scheme and efforts to eliminate child labor are also summarized.
This document provides an overview of children's rights globally and in India. It discusses the history and evolution of recognizing children's rights from early declarations like the 1924 Declaration of Geneva to the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. It outlines the rights established in the Convention including survival, protection, and participation rights. The document also discusses India's constitutionally recognized rights for children and key laws and schemes established to protect children's rights in India like the Juvenile Justice Act and Integrated Child Protection Scheme.
Transporting Children Safely (rev. 3 2020)ArrowMarketing
1. This document provides information on safely transporting children in vehicles, including selecting the appropriate child safety seat based on a child's age, weight, and height. It discusses key factors like crash physics, safety restraints, and correct installation of child seats.
2. Caregivers are responsible for children's safety during transport and must understand child passenger safety. This training covers selecting the proper child safety seat, correctly positioning a child within it, and securely installing the seat in a vehicle.
3. Installing a child safety seat correctly using either the seat belt or LATCH system is important to protect children in crashes. Caregivers should seek assistance from a certified technician to check their installation.
- Quebec's independence movement seeks to protect French language and culture and have Quebec separate from Canada as an independent nation.
- Two referendums in 1980 and 1995 saw Quebec voters choose to remain part of Canada, though the 1995 vote was very close at 49.4% favoring separation.
- The Canadian government has tried to appease separatists through reforms that recognize French as an official language and require government documents be published in both English and French. However, some still believe Quebec should be fully independent from Canada.
Adoption can be legal as well as illegal in India(Only Legal adoption recognized and Valid).
Under Indian law adoption is legal coalition between the party willing for adoption and a child,
Subject matter of ‘personal law’ where Hindu, Buddhist, Jaina or Sikh by religion can make a legal adoption.
No separate adoption laws for Muslims, Christians and Parsis, so they have to approach court under the Guardians and Wards Act, 1890 for legal adoption.
According to section 2(aa) of the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Amendment Act, 2006, “adoption means the process through which the adopted child is permanently separated from his biological parent and becomes the legitimate child of his adoptive parents with all right, privileges and responsibility that are attached to the relationship”.
The document discusses children's rights and the current situation of children in India. It outlines that children have the right to survive, develop, be protected and participate in decisions that impact their lives. However, for many children in India, their rights to education, nutrition, health care and protection from abuse and exploitation are not being met. The government and NGOs are working to implement policies and programs to uphold children's rights as defined by the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child.
Vincent and Susie have 6 children ages 8, 7, 5, 3, 2, and 2 months. Vincent works hard as a carpenter but also does other jobs, while Susie complains that there is never enough food or time. Most of the children have stopped school to work in fields. The doctor told Susie not to have more children as her health is poor. They did not plan family size due to customs. Responsible parenthood considers the parental role in guiding children, emotional readiness, building family relationships, and having knowledge to rear children well.
The document summarizes key events during the Texas Revolution that led to Texas independence. It describes how Sam Houston took command of the Texas army after the fall of the Alamo weakened morale. Houston ordered retreat to avoid confronting Santa Anna's larger force. Many Texans fled east in the "Runaway Scrape". At Goliad, over 400 Texan soldiers were executed after surrendering. Houston continued training his growing army. On April 21, Houston launched a surprise attack at San Jacinto, defeating Santa Anna's army in 18 minutes and capturing Santa Anna, securing Texas' independence.
The document discusses child welfare and protection services in India. It outlines that child welfare services aim to ensure the well-being of children, especially those lacking parental care. It also discusses key laws and frameworks to protect children's rights such as the Juvenile Justice Act, Integrated Child Protection Scheme, and Childline service which provides emergency assistance to children. Major initiatives to support children such as the mid-day meal scheme and efforts to eliminate child labor are also summarized.
This document provides an overview of children's rights globally and in India. It discusses the history and evolution of recognizing children's rights from early declarations like the 1924 Declaration of Geneva to the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. It outlines the rights established in the Convention including survival, protection, and participation rights. The document also discusses India's constitutionally recognized rights for children and key laws and schemes established to protect children's rights in India like the Juvenile Justice Act and Integrated Child Protection Scheme.
This is a DRAFT presentation, only including court-related items for the Indian Child Welfare Act, applicable in court settings. There is much more to the ACT outside of these slides. This is just a sample for public consumption, and is not all-inclusive.
Child marriage, SRH and religion presentationAradhana Gurung
A Presentation by Ms. Catherine Breen-Kamkong, Deputy Represenatative, UNFPA Nepal made during the Round Table with Religious Leaders and Adolescents on Child Marriage in Kathmandu, Nepal on 15 September 2013
The child marriage restraint act, 1929 (2)Suresh Murugan
The document provides information on laws related to child marriage in India, including the Child Marriage Restraint Act of 1929 and the Prohibition of Child Marriage Act of 2006. It defines child marriage and explains the acts' aims to prevent child marriages and protect children's rights. Punishments are outlined for various parties involved in child marriages, such as male adults over 18 marrying children or parents arranging marriages. Reporting procedures and authorities tasked with enforcement of the laws are also summarized.
ICDS have brought in new concepts in respect of Computation of Income from Financial Year 2015-16. This presentation deals with some of the intricate issues involved.
5 forms of violence that affect girls and womenSandra Dudley
1) 700 million women alive today were married before 18, and 200 million were married before 15. Female genital mutilation affects 200 million women and girls alive today in 30 countries.
2) 150 million girls under the age of 20 have experienced sexual violence, including forced sexual intercourse. 120 million girls under 20 have experienced physical or sexual violence.
3) 246 million girls and boys are harassed and abused on their way to or at school every year, with girls being particularly vulnerable. Most girls do not feel safe from violence when using school toilets.
The document discusses marriage, outlining its definition and how it has changed over time. It used to involve tradition weddings where women married young, often without education, but now couples choose each other. Early marriage is still caused by tradition, pressure, and poverty. Solutions include open-minded parents, financial stability, and education.
Constitutional provisions relating to children and womenDrOmRajSingh
The document summarizes constitutional provisions, laws, and policies concerning children and women in India. It outlines indicators related to women's health and status. It discusses the differences between sex and gender. It then details various international conventions and national policies that aim to empower women and protect children's rights. These include commitments to education, health, nutrition, and preventing exploitation. The document also reviews commissions and government actions established to advocate for women and children.
The document discusses children's rights in the Indian Constitution. It explains that children are right holders and the State has obligations to ensure children's rights are realized. The Constitution contains both Fundamental Rights that apply to all citizens including children, as well as special provisions for children. It protects children's rights to equality, life, freedom, dignity, and prohibits their exploitation. The document outlines rights for children in areas like education, health, and protection from abuse and highlights how these rights have been further strengthened through laws and policies.
The document summarizes the key aspects of the Right to Education Act 2009 in India. The Act aims to provide free and compulsory education to all children between the ages of 6-14 years. It outlines the duties of the appropriate government, local authorities and parents to establish neighborhood schools and ensure children are admitted. It also discusses provisions around curriculum, infrastructure, teaching quality standards, teachers' responsibilities, monitoring and grievance redressal to fulfill the goal of providing all Indian children their fundamental right to education.
The Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) program was started in 1975 by the Indian government to improve nutrition, health and development of children under 6 and mothers. It reaches over 34 million children and 7 million mothers. The program provides health checkups, immunizations, pre-school education, nutrition education and supplementary food. UNICEF assists the government in expanding the quality of ICDS through activities like developing communication with mothers and improving monitoring and reporting systems. The main objectives are to reduce malnutrition, mortality and school dropouts among children under 6.
The document discusses child marriage around the world. It states that 15 million children worldwide are married each year, and by 2030 that number will rise to 15.4 million per year. It provides statistics showing that 250 million girls were married before age 15 and 70 million women ages 20-24 were married before 18. Poverty, tradition, gender roles, and security concerns are cited as reasons why child marriage persists in some areas. The document outlines laws against child marriage in India and efforts to reduce the practice through education, community mobilization, and engaging leaders.
This document discusses the administrative arrangements for social welfare in India. It begins by defining social welfare and administration. Social welfare administration aims to efficiently provide resources and services to meet the needs of communities and facilitate social functioning. The principles of social work administration include acceptance, democratic involvement, and open communication. The document then outlines the evolution of social welfare ministries in India and the administrative arrangements for social welfare programs in Tamil Nadu, including those related to women, children, disabilities, and social defense.
The document discusses human rights issues in India. It provides an overview of the complex human rights situation in India due to its large size and diversity. It notes that Dalits have faced substantial discrimination. It also establishes the National Human Rights Commission of India in 1993 to protect and promote human rights, giving it powers like a civil court to conduct investigations and make recommendations.
The document discusses key aspects of the Children Act 1989 in the UK. It establishes that a child's welfare is the paramount consideration in legal decisions. It defines parental responsibility and outlines the duties of local authorities to investigate child welfare concerns and protect children, including through care and supervision orders if needed. The Act aims to reform laws around protecting children's rights and well-being.
The document outlines several national health programs in India focused on improving child health. Key programs discussed include:
1. The Reproductive and Child Health Program which aims to reduce infant, child, and maternal mortality rates.
2. The Universal Immunization Program which aims to achieve 100% immunization coverage of various diseases.
3. The Integrated Child Development Services scheme which provides supplementary nutrition, immunization, health checkups and education to children under 6.
4. Several national nutritional programs focused on reducing anemia, iodine deficiency disorders, and providing midday meals.
The present study made an attempt to gain insights on determinants and psychosocial consequences of early marriage on rural women. Samples of 300 women who married early and have completed 5 to 15 years of married life were taken from 20 villages of district Bhilwara, Rajasthan as it has highest instances of child marriages. In depth investigation employed the use of interview, FGDs, observation and case study method. Research was based in district. Baseline Proforma and SES scale (self developed) was used to get the necessary details regarding the socio-economic status and demographic characteristics of respondents and their families. DEM scale (self developed), PSC Scale (self developed) and life satisfaction scale (Alam & Shrivastava, 1973) were used for data collection. Statistical test i.e. ‘z’ test, ANOVA, Regression & Pearson’s ‘r’ were applied to find out the results.
The findings of the study revealed that age at marriage is governed by various components of socio-economic status with traditions & customs, lack of education, childhood residence and castes. Effect of mass media was not found as hypothesized. Media is only meant for entertainment by rural people. The study also highlighted psycho-social consequences (PSC components) of early marriage. It was found that child marriage increases exploitation of girl child and loss of her adolescence along with denial of education & freedom, inadequate socialization & personal development and violence & abandonment. Access to contraception is highly correlated with age at marriage i.e. the lower the age at marriage lower the knowledge and less access of contraception.
The multiple regression analysis in predicting age at marriage and its determinants reveal that the Beta coefficient reflect the socio- economic status of the family and in which a girl belongs has more considerable contribution in terms of early marriage while traditions and customs follow the socio-cultural perseverance in predicting age at marriage. It is also depicted from the regression analysis that the ill consequences of early marriage in earlier ages have more awful effects on girl child. On the whole, it was found that early marriage itself means exploitation of girl child and loss of adolescence. This factor is highly significant in all studied age groups. They are treated as homely bird which means confined to four walls of house. Overall dissatisfaction level is high with the respondents who get married at the early age. There are significant correlation found between determinants and psycho-social consequences of early marriage and inter-correlation among LS and SES components.
This document discusses how mobile marketing is effective. It notes that the number of mobile subscribers and SMS usage has grown dramatically. Mobile phones are now more common than computers or televisions. The document advocates using mobile marketing techniques like text messaging for offers, sweepstakes entries, and links to mobile websites to engage customers. It provides examples of how different industries can utilize these mobile strategies.
This document lists and provides brief descriptions of several voluntary health agencies in India that were established between 1920 and 1952 to promote public health initiatives. Some of the key agencies mentioned include the Indian Red Cross Society, the Kasturba Memorial Fund, the Hind Kusht Nivaran Sangh, the Indian Council for Child Welfare, and the Bharat Sevak Samaj. It provides high-level details on the services offered and activities conducted by these organizations in areas such as relief work, family planning, and maternal/child welfare.
Native Americans lived in different environments across North America and developed distinct ways of life. In the East, they were fishermen and farmers and had early contact with European settlers. On the Great Plains, tribes like the Sioux hunted bison and had conflicts with pioneers in the 1800s. In the Pacific Northwest, coastal tribes relied on fishing and lived in longhouses, and the Inuit in the Arctic adapted to survive the harsh climate through activities like ice fishing. Southwestern tribes built homes and pots from clay and made jewelry. Most tribes shared beliefs about respecting nature, elders, and having a code of ethics to govern their relationships and interactions.
The legal requirements of the Indian Child Welfare Act are discussed regarding the legal rights of Indian parents, tribes and Indian child custodians before state courts can order the removal of Indian children in child protection, adoption and guardianship proceedings.
This is a DRAFT presentation, only including court-related items for the Indian Child Welfare Act, applicable in court settings. There is much more to the ACT outside of these slides. This is just a sample for public consumption, and is not all-inclusive.
Child marriage, SRH and religion presentationAradhana Gurung
A Presentation by Ms. Catherine Breen-Kamkong, Deputy Represenatative, UNFPA Nepal made during the Round Table with Religious Leaders and Adolescents on Child Marriage in Kathmandu, Nepal on 15 September 2013
The child marriage restraint act, 1929 (2)Suresh Murugan
The document provides information on laws related to child marriage in India, including the Child Marriage Restraint Act of 1929 and the Prohibition of Child Marriage Act of 2006. It defines child marriage and explains the acts' aims to prevent child marriages and protect children's rights. Punishments are outlined for various parties involved in child marriages, such as male adults over 18 marrying children or parents arranging marriages. Reporting procedures and authorities tasked with enforcement of the laws are also summarized.
ICDS have brought in new concepts in respect of Computation of Income from Financial Year 2015-16. This presentation deals with some of the intricate issues involved.
5 forms of violence that affect girls and womenSandra Dudley
1) 700 million women alive today were married before 18, and 200 million were married before 15. Female genital mutilation affects 200 million women and girls alive today in 30 countries.
2) 150 million girls under the age of 20 have experienced sexual violence, including forced sexual intercourse. 120 million girls under 20 have experienced physical or sexual violence.
3) 246 million girls and boys are harassed and abused on their way to or at school every year, with girls being particularly vulnerable. Most girls do not feel safe from violence when using school toilets.
The document discusses marriage, outlining its definition and how it has changed over time. It used to involve tradition weddings where women married young, often without education, but now couples choose each other. Early marriage is still caused by tradition, pressure, and poverty. Solutions include open-minded parents, financial stability, and education.
Constitutional provisions relating to children and womenDrOmRajSingh
The document summarizes constitutional provisions, laws, and policies concerning children and women in India. It outlines indicators related to women's health and status. It discusses the differences between sex and gender. It then details various international conventions and national policies that aim to empower women and protect children's rights. These include commitments to education, health, nutrition, and preventing exploitation. The document also reviews commissions and government actions established to advocate for women and children.
The document discusses children's rights in the Indian Constitution. It explains that children are right holders and the State has obligations to ensure children's rights are realized. The Constitution contains both Fundamental Rights that apply to all citizens including children, as well as special provisions for children. It protects children's rights to equality, life, freedom, dignity, and prohibits their exploitation. The document outlines rights for children in areas like education, health, and protection from abuse and highlights how these rights have been further strengthened through laws and policies.
The document summarizes the key aspects of the Right to Education Act 2009 in India. The Act aims to provide free and compulsory education to all children between the ages of 6-14 years. It outlines the duties of the appropriate government, local authorities and parents to establish neighborhood schools and ensure children are admitted. It also discusses provisions around curriculum, infrastructure, teaching quality standards, teachers' responsibilities, monitoring and grievance redressal to fulfill the goal of providing all Indian children their fundamental right to education.
The Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) program was started in 1975 by the Indian government to improve nutrition, health and development of children under 6 and mothers. It reaches over 34 million children and 7 million mothers. The program provides health checkups, immunizations, pre-school education, nutrition education and supplementary food. UNICEF assists the government in expanding the quality of ICDS through activities like developing communication with mothers and improving monitoring and reporting systems. The main objectives are to reduce malnutrition, mortality and school dropouts among children under 6.
The document discusses child marriage around the world. It states that 15 million children worldwide are married each year, and by 2030 that number will rise to 15.4 million per year. It provides statistics showing that 250 million girls were married before age 15 and 70 million women ages 20-24 were married before 18. Poverty, tradition, gender roles, and security concerns are cited as reasons why child marriage persists in some areas. The document outlines laws against child marriage in India and efforts to reduce the practice through education, community mobilization, and engaging leaders.
This document discusses the administrative arrangements for social welfare in India. It begins by defining social welfare and administration. Social welfare administration aims to efficiently provide resources and services to meet the needs of communities and facilitate social functioning. The principles of social work administration include acceptance, democratic involvement, and open communication. The document then outlines the evolution of social welfare ministries in India and the administrative arrangements for social welfare programs in Tamil Nadu, including those related to women, children, disabilities, and social defense.
The document discusses human rights issues in India. It provides an overview of the complex human rights situation in India due to its large size and diversity. It notes that Dalits have faced substantial discrimination. It also establishes the National Human Rights Commission of India in 1993 to protect and promote human rights, giving it powers like a civil court to conduct investigations and make recommendations.
The document discusses key aspects of the Children Act 1989 in the UK. It establishes that a child's welfare is the paramount consideration in legal decisions. It defines parental responsibility and outlines the duties of local authorities to investigate child welfare concerns and protect children, including through care and supervision orders if needed. The Act aims to reform laws around protecting children's rights and well-being.
The document outlines several national health programs in India focused on improving child health. Key programs discussed include:
1. The Reproductive and Child Health Program which aims to reduce infant, child, and maternal mortality rates.
2. The Universal Immunization Program which aims to achieve 100% immunization coverage of various diseases.
3. The Integrated Child Development Services scheme which provides supplementary nutrition, immunization, health checkups and education to children under 6.
4. Several national nutritional programs focused on reducing anemia, iodine deficiency disorders, and providing midday meals.
The present study made an attempt to gain insights on determinants and psychosocial consequences of early marriage on rural women. Samples of 300 women who married early and have completed 5 to 15 years of married life were taken from 20 villages of district Bhilwara, Rajasthan as it has highest instances of child marriages. In depth investigation employed the use of interview, FGDs, observation and case study method. Research was based in district. Baseline Proforma and SES scale (self developed) was used to get the necessary details regarding the socio-economic status and demographic characteristics of respondents and their families. DEM scale (self developed), PSC Scale (self developed) and life satisfaction scale (Alam & Shrivastava, 1973) were used for data collection. Statistical test i.e. ‘z’ test, ANOVA, Regression & Pearson’s ‘r’ were applied to find out the results.
The findings of the study revealed that age at marriage is governed by various components of socio-economic status with traditions & customs, lack of education, childhood residence and castes. Effect of mass media was not found as hypothesized. Media is only meant for entertainment by rural people. The study also highlighted psycho-social consequences (PSC components) of early marriage. It was found that child marriage increases exploitation of girl child and loss of her adolescence along with denial of education & freedom, inadequate socialization & personal development and violence & abandonment. Access to contraception is highly correlated with age at marriage i.e. the lower the age at marriage lower the knowledge and less access of contraception.
The multiple regression analysis in predicting age at marriage and its determinants reveal that the Beta coefficient reflect the socio- economic status of the family and in which a girl belongs has more considerable contribution in terms of early marriage while traditions and customs follow the socio-cultural perseverance in predicting age at marriage. It is also depicted from the regression analysis that the ill consequences of early marriage in earlier ages have more awful effects on girl child. On the whole, it was found that early marriage itself means exploitation of girl child and loss of adolescence. This factor is highly significant in all studied age groups. They are treated as homely bird which means confined to four walls of house. Overall dissatisfaction level is high with the respondents who get married at the early age. There are significant correlation found between determinants and psycho-social consequences of early marriage and inter-correlation among LS and SES components.
This document discusses how mobile marketing is effective. It notes that the number of mobile subscribers and SMS usage has grown dramatically. Mobile phones are now more common than computers or televisions. The document advocates using mobile marketing techniques like text messaging for offers, sweepstakes entries, and links to mobile websites to engage customers. It provides examples of how different industries can utilize these mobile strategies.
This document lists and provides brief descriptions of several voluntary health agencies in India that were established between 1920 and 1952 to promote public health initiatives. Some of the key agencies mentioned include the Indian Red Cross Society, the Kasturba Memorial Fund, the Hind Kusht Nivaran Sangh, the Indian Council for Child Welfare, and the Bharat Sevak Samaj. It provides high-level details on the services offered and activities conducted by these organizations in areas such as relief work, family planning, and maternal/child welfare.
Native Americans lived in different environments across North America and developed distinct ways of life. In the East, they were fishermen and farmers and had early contact with European settlers. On the Great Plains, tribes like the Sioux hunted bison and had conflicts with pioneers in the 1800s. In the Pacific Northwest, coastal tribes relied on fishing and lived in longhouses, and the Inuit in the Arctic adapted to survive the harsh climate through activities like ice fishing. Southwestern tribes built homes and pots from clay and made jewelry. Most tribes shared beliefs about respecting nature, elders, and having a code of ethics to govern their relationships and interactions.
The legal requirements of the Indian Child Welfare Act are discussed regarding the legal rights of Indian parents, tribes and Indian child custodians before state courts can order the removal of Indian children in child protection, adoption and guardianship proceedings.
The document summarizes key findings from a study that analyzed over 100 tribal child welfare codes. Some of the main findings include:
- Nearly half of the 107 codes reviewed were amended after 2000, indicating tribes are increasingly asserting their sovereignty over child welfare.
- Tribal codes address jurisdiction, tribal-state relationships, reporting abuse, and paternity. Most codes include statements asserting jurisdiction over tribal members and some also include non-member Native children.
- Many codes have processes for transferring child welfare cases from state to tribal courts and for responding to notices of cases that may be covered by the Indian Child Welfare Act.
- Common methods for establishing paternity include acknowledgment or presumption based on marriage or living with the child
The document outlines the requirements for social service departments regarding the Indian Child Welfare Act (ICWA). It discusses requirements for initial inquiry, further inquiry if there is reason to know a child may be an Indian child, documentation, notice requirements, placement preferences, reports, hearings, termination of parental rights and more. Key aspects include conducting an initial inquiry for all children, further inquiry if reason to know a child is an Indian child exists, sending ICWA notice, ensuring placement preferences are followed, obtaining testimony from a qualified expert witness, and documenting active efforts to prevent removal of an Indian child from their family or custodian.
The document discusses the experiences of an Indigenous grandmother, Stephanie Morgan, navigating the child welfare and legal systems in British Columbia. It outlines numerous barriers Indigenous people face, including a lack of Indigenous community or hereditary involvement in processes, no consideration of traditional laws, and lack of funding for bands to assist with child protection issues. Morgan had to fight for Legal Aid coverage in her attempts to gain custody of grandchildren and faced racism and assumptions of risk. She highlights the importance of Indigenous advocates to help understand the complex systems and ensure Aboriginal content and traditional laws are respected.
The document discusses the role and qualifications of a qualified expert witness (QEW) in cases involving the Indian Child Welfare Act (ICWA). A QEW must have expertise in Native American culture and child-rearing practices and provide testimony to help ensure removal of an Indian child from their family is warranted. Key responsibilities of a QEW include understanding cultural child-rearing customs to prevent bias, knowledge beyond an average person, and testifying on culturally appropriate services and permanency plans' impact on tribal relationships. Qualifications vary by state and tribe but generally include recognized community membership, substantial experience with Native American families, or substantial education and experience delivering services to Native Americans.
This chapter examines the evolution of child welfare policy in the United States. Child protective services, foster care, adoption, and Head Start have been the focus of child welfare policy since the 1960s. The devolution of welfare to the states through the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA) of 1996 has introduced questions about the prospects of poor children whose mothers are entering the labor market.
This document discusses issues related to undocumented immigrants in the United States. It begins by defining what it means to be undocumented and provides statistics on the demographics of the undocumented population. It then discusses challenges undocumented immigrants face, such as long wait times for legal immigration and barriers to higher education. The document also outlines some policies and programs supporting undocumented youth, like Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA), and actions colleges are taking to be more inclusive of undocumented students. It concludes by encouraging readers to educate themselves on these issues.
This document provides information about CASA of Fresno and Madera Counties, a non-profit organization that relies on community volunteers to advocate for abused and neglected children in foster care. It describes CASA's mission, volunteer recruitment and training process, the role of advocates in making recommendations to the court about children's cases, and how CASA upholds social work values of social justice, dignity, and children's human rights.
The document discusses the history and goals of the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program. It notes that TANF replaced Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) in 1996 and aims to promote job preparation, work, and marriage while preventing out-of-wedlock pregnancies. It provides details on state implementation of TANF, funding amounts, debates around the program, and key facts about TANF administration and participation.
Native Americans and Black communities are the two populations most impacted by mass criminalization and incarceration in the US. The criminalization of indigenous people on this continent began with genocide and slavery on the Spanish missions in California and the forced removal of Native people onto reservations. Today, Native people have the highest percentage of people shot by the police annually. For Native people who are in prison and separated from their families and communities, their faith practices are ignored or punished as chaplains often have no knowledge or cultural context for Native spiritual practices. This has created deep historical and intergenerational trauma.
Yet there is historical intergenerational wisdom that guides not only Native communities and nations, but also models for social change across the US. For example, restorative justice is rooted in indigenous traditions.
Despite this history, current conditions, and strengths, only a tiny amount of funding goes to Native communities. An even tinier amount to grassroots native organizations addressing these issues. Government funding is the primary source of funding for Native communities, which serves to maintain the status quo and does not support building any capacity for resisting US government state violence.
On September 25, 2017, Neighborhood Funders Group brought together four speakers from philanthropy and the field who spoke on policing and mass criminalization of Native communities; organizing and resistance struggles; and funding entry points to support this work.
Speakers:
Morning Star Gali | Native Justice Now
George Galvis | Communities United for Restorative Youth Justice
Edgar Villanueva (moderator) | Schott Foundation and Native Americans in Philanthropy
Aleah Bacquie Vaughn| Criminal Justice Initiative
This document discusses kinship care in Florida. There are three types of caregivers for children - foster parents, relative caregivers appointed by a court, and informal kinship caregivers. Over 500,000 children in Florida live with grandparents or other relatives, with 345,000 living with relative caregivers and 145,000 in informal kinship arrangements. The problems include a lack of process for notifying family when children enter foster care, difficulty for family to gain custody after a child is placed in foster care, and inequalities in subsidies that provide more funding to foster families than relative or kinship caregivers. To address these issues, the document calls for laws requiring family notification before placements, equalizing subsidies between caregiver groups,
This document discusses housing issues facing transition-aged youth aging out of foster care. It provides data showing thousands of youth age out of foster care each year and experience high rates of homelessness. Research studies are cited that find 12-17% of former foster youth report experiencing homelessness. The document outlines challenges these youth face in obtaining housing, including limited independent living program capacity and lack of affordable housing. It provides recommendations for actions at the state level, such as implementing the Fostering Connections Act, ensuring housing is in transition plans, and building partnerships to create affordable housing opportunities.
This document provides a detailed history of child welfare laws and policies in the United States from colonial times to present day. It is divided into sections covering different eras and decades, outlining major legislative acts and amendments that shaped the development of child protection systems. The summary concludes with Vermont taking action to strengthen policies and practices in response to tragic deaths of children in state custody.
This document provides a summary of the history of child protection laws in the United States from colonial times to present day. It is divided into three eras: before 1875 with no organized child protection; 1875-1962 with the creation of non-government child protection societies; and from 1962 onward with government-sponsored child protective services. Key legislation and developments are outlined for each decade, focusing on the increasing role of the federal government in establishing standards and funding for child welfare. The summary concludes with actions being taken in response to tragic child deaths in Vermont in 2014.
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1. Indian Child Welfare Act
GA Child Welfare Legal Academy,
September 27, 2011
Nealie McCormick, Chairman Georgia
Council on American Indian Concerns
Judge Lisa M. Mantz, Associate Judge,
Newton County Juvenile Court
2. • "ICWA" stands for the Indian Child Welfare Act, which
is a federal law passed in 1978. ICWA was passed in
response to the alarmingly high number of Indian
children being removed from their homes by both
public and private agencies. The intent of Congress
under ICWA was to "protect the best interests of
Indian children and to promote the stability and
security of Indian tribes and families" (25 U.S.C. §
1902). ICWA sets federal requirements that apply to
state child custody proceedings involving an Indian
child who is a member of or eligible for membership in
a federally recognized tribe.
Why ICWA
3. Why
• A 1976 study by the Association on American
Indian Affairs found that 25 to 35% of all Indian
children were being placed in out-of-home care.
Eighty-five percent of those children were being
placed in non-Indian homes or institutions. *
• *Unger, Steven, ed., The Destruction of
American Indian Families, New York: Association
on American Indian Affairs, 1977, p.1.
4. What Is ICWA’s Purpose?
• The purpose of ICWA is to do the following:
• • Protect Indian children
• • Preserve and strengthen Indian families
• • Ensure permanency for Indian children
• • Protect the continuing existence of Indian
cultures
• • Ensure that tribes can exercise their
sovereign authority over child custody
proceedings
5. 25 U.S.C. § 1901 et seq.
• It is through relationship with family, elders,
tribal community, and culture that the Indian
child’s sense of permanence and identity is
protected (25 U.S.C. § 1901 et seq.).
6. Permanency Issues
• ICWA ensures that permanency issues are
addressed early and in a way that is consistent
with good social work practice and with ICWA
and the Adoption and Safe Families Act of
1997 (ASFA).
7. The presence of tribal welfare
workers/tribal attorney
• • Assistance
• • Advice
• • Positive joint efforts
• • Tribal intervention
• • Possible transfer of the case
• • The sharing of critical, culturally relevant
resources and information
• • Maximum input on placement decisions
8. The Other Side of ICWA 8
Adoption & Safe Families Act (ASFA)
1997
• It applies to Indian children because
• ASFA has no express exemption for Indian
children.
9. To know how to help families now you
have to understand their history
• Historical Trauma
–Boarding Schools
–Loss of language
–Distrust
–ICWA
–Forced Assimilation
• Differences between Native American children
and non-Native American children
10. The Other Side of ICWA 10
SPIRITUALITY
CHILD REARING / EXTENDED FAMILY
VENERATION OF AGE / WISDOM/ TRADITION
RESPECT FOR NATURE
GENEROSITY AND SHARING
COOPERATION/ GROUP HARMONY
AUTONOMY / RESPECT FOR OTHERS
COMPOSURE / PATIENCE
RELATIVITY OF TIME
NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION
NATIVE AMERICAN CORE VALUES & BELIEFS
11. Who is an “Indian Child” under
ICWA
• Unmarried and
• Under Eighteen and
• A member of a federally recognized Indian
Tribe OR the child is a biological child of a
member of a federally recognized Indian Tribe
and the child is eligible for membership in any
federally recongized Indian Tribe 25 U.S.C.
Section 1903(4)
12. Practice Tips
The child may be eligible for membership in a
different tribe from that of the parent and
ICWA still applies.
• • A child who does not meet the definition for
“Indian child” under ICWA when the case starts
• may later acquire Indian status. For example, if
a parent enrolled in a tribe a child may gain
• Indian child status. In that case, ICWA would
apply from that point forward.
13. Who determines eligibility
• All tribes have the right to determine who is a
member of their tribe, and different tribes
have different requirements for eligibility. In
order to understand these requirements for
the particular tribe in question, contact the
child’s tribe.
14. National Indian Child Welfare
Association (NICWA)
• NICWA website at www.nicwa.org. Click on
the Resources
• tab and then click on Tribal Directory.
15. Bureau of Indian Affairs Office
(BIA)
– Review the Federal Register to determine if the
tribe is federally recognized
– If so, determine the geographic location and the
BIA regional office of the tribe and the name and
contact information for the Indian Child Welfare
Designated Agent for the tribe that will be listed in
the federal registry
That agent will be able to provide the name and
contact information for the local tribal social
service program and or the ICWA representative
16. Documentation
• − Family history chart
• − Tribal enrollment number
• − Tribal ID card
• − Certificate of Degree of Indian Blood
• − Other evidence such as a letter from the
tribe or Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA)
• − Documentation from the Indian Health
Service, medical clinic, or school
17. If unable to determine Indian
status
• Contact the tribe(s) and ask if the child is a
member.
• Determine if the child is living in an Indian community.
• •Diligently inquire about the Indian heritage of any absent parent
and the history of her or his
• extended family. Consult with other relatives or extended family
members.
• • Contact, as appropriate, Indian social services, health, or
educational organizations.
• • Contact the BIA in Washington, D.C., and the appropriate local
BIA office for information about the parents and tribal contact
information
18. What proceedings apply to ICWA?
• Foster care placements (25 U.S.C. § 1913[a] [voluntary] and §
1912[e] [involuntary])
• Termination of parental rights (25 U.S.C. § 1903[1][ii])
• Pre-adoptive placements (25 U.S.C. § 1903[1][iii])
• Adoptive placements (includes conversion from foster care to
adoptive placement) (25 U.S.C. § 903[1][iv])
• Both voluntary and involuntary placements
• Divorce proceedings where neither parent will get custody
• Any transfers of placement
• Juvenile delinquency proceedings where parental rights may be
terminated
• Status offenses (juvenile delinquency proceedings that involve
an offense that would not be a
crime if committed by an adult, e.g., drinking, runaway, truancy)
19. When does ICWA not apply?
• Juvenile delinquency proceedings involving
violations of criminal law
• Divorce proceedings where one or both
parents are granted custody (25 U.S.C. § 1903)
20. Emergency Removal
• This information must be determined immediately
unless emergency placement or immediate safety
issues prevent inquiry:
• Whether the child is in imminent physical danger
• The Indian status of the child
• The name of the child’s tribe
• The jurisdiction over child custody proceedings
21. Placement Preferences
• The placement preferences outlined in Section
1915(b) of ICWA, which are to be applied in foster
care placements (including cases involving
emergency placements), are:
• 1. A member of the Indian child’s extended family
• 2. A foster home licensed, approved, or specified by
the Indian child’s tribe
• 3. An Indian foster home licensed or approved by an
authorized non-Indian licensing authority
• 4. An institution for children approved by an Indian
tribe or operated by an Indian organization that
• has a program suitable to meet the child’s needs
22. Termination of Emergency
Placement
• Emergency placement must end as soon as
the danger of imminent physical damage or
harm to the child has passed or the
appropriate tribe exercises jurisdiction over
the case.
This is a much more restrictive standard for
removal than the regular standard for
establishing jurisdiction over a child.
23. Emergency Placement of an Indian
Child
• the child welfare worker must undertake diligent
efforts to place the child during emergency care in a
setting that complies with the placement
preferences in Sections1915(b) or (c) of ICWA. It
should be noted that the Indian child’s tribe has the
right to establish placement preferences, and the
county or state court is required to follow the
order,
• as long as, it is the least restrictive setting
appropriate to the particular needs of the child.
24. Appropriate Foster Care
Placements
• When appropriate in foster care placements,
the preference of the Indian child or parent is
to be considered. When a consenting parent
requests anonymity, the court must give
weight to the parent’s request in applying the
placement preferences (25 U.S.C. § 1915[c]).
25. What are active efforts
• While active efforts is undefined in ICWA, it
refers to an effort more intense than the legal
term “reasonable efforts.” Active efforts
applies to providing remedial and
rehabilitative services to the family prior to the
removal of an Indian child from his or her
parent or Indian custodian, and/or an
• intensive effort to reunify an Indian child with
his or her parent or Indian custodian.
26. Active Efforts
• However, federal guidelines do exist (Federal
Register, Vol. 44, No. 228, Monday, November
26, 1979).
27. Revised Active Efforts Principles
and Expectations, Oregon
• Commitment to the requirements and the
spirit of the Indian Child Welfare Act;
• • Early contact with and active engagement of
the child’s tribe. Active efforts does not
require or imply agreement on case issues but
does create an expectation that the agency
and tribes will work closely together in an
atmosphere of mutual respect and honesty to
achieve understanding;
28. Goals
• a more vigorous and higher level of effort than
those that typically constitute reasonable efforts.
• Casework which goes beyond:
• referring for services to arranging services,
• and helping families engage in those
• services;
• managing a case to proactively engaging
• in diligent casework activity; and
29. • meeting the minimum requirements set by
• policy to creatively meeting the needs of
• children and families.
• • Using methods and providing services that
are culturally appropriate
Revised Active Efforts Principles and
Expectations Publication, Oregon Tribes,
Oregon Judicial Department Citizen Review
Boards, Oregon Department of Human
Services (2010)
30. Petition should include
• − The name, age, tribal affiliation, and last
known address of the Indian child.
• − The name and address of the child’s parents,
Indian custodian (if any), and tribe(s).
• − If the name and location of the child’s
parents, Indian custodian (if any), or tribe is
• unknown, the county child welfare worker
should document the diligent efforts
undertaken to ascertain this information.
31. Petition
A detailed account of the circumstances that
led to the conclusion that the child would
suffer imminent physical damage.
A written plan of action describing the “active”
reunification efforts that have been
undertaken and which are planned to restore
the child to his or her parents or Indian
custodian.
32. For Indian Children Domiciled on a
Reservation
• • For Indian children who are domiciled or
reside on the reservation and are temporarily
off the reservations, develop a specific plan of
action to physically transfer the child to the
exclusive jurisdiction of the appropriate Indian
tribe in cooperation with the tribal court and
child welfare worker
36. 36
Answer:
No, Tribes are not required to intervene.
Tribes can exercise their
rights to intervene but are
not required to do so.
Intervention does not equate
transfer.
It is best practice to…
37. 37
Does ICWA apply even if a parent
does not want it to apply?
QUESTION:
38. 38
Answer:
Yes!
There is sometimes confusion between
intervention and transfer. A parent can object
to the transfer of the case with good cause.
Courts can determine also deviate from
placement preferences with good cause.
40. 40
Answer:
ICWA begins before a child is removed. The
worker must make “active efforts” to prevent
the child from being removed.
The court will require the agency to demonstrate
that “active efforts” have been made and proven
unsuccessful.
42. • “Qualified expert witness” is not defined in
ICWA
• House Report 95-1386, 95th
Cong., 2d Sess,
reprinted in 6 USCCSAN 7530, 7454 (1978)
states is “meant to apply to expertise beyond
normal social worker qualifications”
Answer
43. 43
Answer 44 Federal Register
67,593 (1979)
A member of the child’s tribe who is recognized by the tribal
community as knowledgeable in tribal customs as they
pertain to family organization and child rearing practices
or
A lay person having substantial delivery of child and family
services to Indians and extensive knowledge of prevailing
social and cultural standards and child rearing practices
within the child’s tribe or
A professional person having substantial education in his or
her area of specialty along with substantial knowledge of
prevailing social and cultural standards and child rearing
practices within the Indian community
44. Removing an Indian child in protective
custody proceedings:
Tribe is notified of the right to intervene.
…Proof by clear and convincing evidence by a qualified
expert that the child will
suffer emotional or physical harm if returned home.
Proof DFCS made active efforts to prevent the
placement.
Preference to placement with extended family
members, approved tribal home,
• Indian foster home or Indian-approved institution.
45. Approving the voluntary
placement of an Indian child
• … Parent signs written consent before judge.
• … Consent is signed more than 10 days after child’s
birth.
• … Certify you explained terms and consequences and
the parent understood.
• … Certify if the explanation was in English or
translated into another language the
• parent understood.
• … Preference to placement with extended family
members, approved tribal home,
• Indian foster home or Indian approved institution.
46. Terminating parental rights to an
Indian child
Tribe notified of right to intervene.
• … Proof beyond a reasonable doubt by a
qualified expert that the child will suffer
• emotional or physical harm if returned home.
• … Proof DFCS made active efforts to reunify the
family.
• … Preference to placement with extended
family members, tribal members or other
• Indian families.
47. Accepting relinquishment of an Indian child:
• … Parent signs the written consent before a judge.
• … Consent is signed more than 10 days after child’s birth.
• … Certify you explained terms and consequences and the
parent understood.
• … Certify if explanation was in English or translated into
another language the
• parent understood.
• … Preference to placement with extended family members,
tribal members or other
• Indian families.
• Consent can be withdrawn, for any reason and at any time,
before the entry of the final order of termination or decree of
adoption.
48. Time Frame for Hearings 1912(a)
• Notice to parent, Indian custodian, or the
Indian Child’s Tribe, by registered mail, return
receipt requested, of the proceeding and the
right to intervene
• If identity or location of parent cannot be
determined, notice shall be given to the
Secretary, who has 15 days to notify the tribe
• Hearing no sooner than 10 day and tribes
have the right to request a 20 day
continuance
49. What standard applies to these
cases?
• Section 1921— Any state or federal law that
provides a higher standard to protect the
rights of the parent or the Indian Custodian of
an Indian child than the provisions of ICWA,
shall be applied by the State or Federal Court.
50. • If a Native American Child does not meet the
definition of “Indian child” outlined in the act,
ICWA would not apply.
• All other federal and state laws, apply including
relative placement provisions and the
opportunity to be heard in a case review hearing.
What if the child is Indian but not
a member of a federally
recognized tribe?
51. What is a state recognized Indian
Tribe?
• A state recognized tribe is a “tribe that
maintains a special relationship with a State
government and whose lands and rights are
usually recognized by the State. They may or
may not be federally recognized.”
52. Georgia’s State RecognizedTribes
• The Georgia Tribe of Eastern Cherokee, The
Lower Muscogee Creek Tribe, and The
Cherokee of Georgia Tribal Council are state
recognized tribes. See O.C.G.A. Section 44-
12-300
53. Nealie McCormick, Chairman
Georgia Council on American Indian Concerns
c/o Historic Sites Region Office
2600 Highway 155 SW, Suite D, Stockbridge, GA 30281
Telephone: 770.389.7265 / 229.294.0011
54. Georgia Council on American Indian
Concerns
• In 2002,The Georgia Council on American Indian
Concerns was awarded the added responsibility
of advising the State and local governments on
issues related to Georgia’s American Indians.
The Council is located in Stockbridge Georgia.
There are nine members appointed by the
Governor. Five members are to be American
Indians, one member at large, one physical
anthropologist and one scientist. The Council
meets every second Wednesday of the month at
1:30 at the Sloppy Floyd Building in Atlanta.
56. Other State-Recognized Tribes
Alabama
United Cherokee Ani-Yuw-Wiya
Nation
Cherokees of N.E. Alabama
Echota Cherokees
MaChis Lower Alabama Creek Tribe
Mowa Band of Choctaws
Star Clan-Muscogee Creek Tribe
Cher-o-Creek Intra Tribal Indians
Piqua Shawnee Tribe
Connecticut
Golden Hill Paugussett Tribe
Paucatuck Eastern Pequot Tribe
Schaghticoke Bands
Delaware
Nanticoke Indians
Louisiana
Caddo Indian Tribe
Choctaw-Apache of Ebarb
Clifton Choctaw
Louisiana Choctaw
United Houma Nation
57. Other State-Recognized Tribes
Continued
Maine
Passamaquoddy Tribe
Penobscot Nation
Massachusetts
Hassanamisco
Michigan
Burt Lake Band of Ottawa and
Chippewa Indians
Grand River Band of Ottawa Indians
Gun Lake Band of Grand River Ottawa
Indians
Swan Creek Black River Confederated
Ojibwa Tribes
Missouri
Chickamauga Cherokee
Northern Cherokee
New Jersey
Rankokus
New York
Poospatuck
Shinnecock
North Carolina
Coharie
Haliwa-Saponi
Lumbee
Merherrin
Waccamaw-Siouan
59. The Georgia Tribe of Eastern Cherokee
• The Georgia Tribe of Eastern Cherokee
• P.O. Box 607, Dahlonega Ga 30533
• Eligibility Unbroken lineage to Roll
• Members 500
• Tribal Leader Walker Dan Davis
• JB Jones
• Contact Information 706-865-3906
60. Tribal Government
• The Lower Muskogee Creek Tribe has three
branches of Government
• Executive Branch---Mekko (Chief)
• Legislative Branch Tribal Council
• Judicial Branch- Executive Council Head by
the Chief
61. The Lower Muscogee Creek Tribe
• The Lower Muscogee Creek Tribe
• Route 2, Box 370
• Whigham, GA 31797
• Eligibility: Unbroken lineage to Rolls
• Members 2700
• Tribal Leaders Chief Vonnie McCormick
• Telephone number 229-762-3165
62. Restoration of Rights
• 1946 Chief Calvin McGhee filed and won
lawsuits for the land claims for the Muskogee
people. This is known as Docket 21.
• As a result of this lawsuit, the Federal
Government recognized that 17.5% of the
Creek Nation still remained in the East and
they were given Federal roll numbers.
64. Efforts by the National Council of
Family and Juvenile Court Judges
• CONFERENCE OF CHIEF JUSTICES
• Resolution 5
• To Encourage Greater Collaboration Between
State Courts and Tribal Courts to Protect
Native American Children
65. NCFJCJ
• RESOLUTION IN SUPPORT OF TRIBAL COURTS
• AMENDED RESOLUTION IN SUPPORT OF
POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS FOR
• TRIBAL ACCESS TO FEDERAL COURT
IMPROVEMENT PROJECT (CIP) FUNDS
66. Courts Catalyzing Change (CCC)Courts Catalyzing Change (CCC)
Model CourtsModel Courts
National AgendaNational Agenda
ImplementationImplementation
67. CCC National Agenda
Key Components
I. Engage national, state, local and tribal
stakeholders, community partners, & children
and families
II. Transform judicial practice from the bench
III. Participate in policy and law advocacy
IV. Examine and employ research, data, &
promising practices
V. Impact service array and delivery
68. NCFJCJ Publications
• Right from the Start: The CCC Preliminary Protect
• Court Reform and American Indian and
Alaskan Native Children:
Increasing Protections and Improving
Outcomes (2009)
69. NCJFCJ Publications
• Revised Active Efforts Principles and
Expectations Publication, Oregon Tribes,
Oregon Judicial Department Citizen Review
Boards, Oregon Department of Human
Services (2010)
• Technical Assistance Brief Indian Child
Welfare Act Checklists for Juvenile and
Family Court Judges (2003)
70. State Court Improvement Project
• The CIP was established as part of legislation
passed in 1993 to enable state courts to
perform assessments of their foster care and
adoption laws and processes, and to draft and
employ state plans for system-wide
• reform. The goal was to enable courts to fulfill
the oversight role required of them by the
Adoption Assistance and Child Welfare Act
(P.L. 96-272).
71. Meaningful collaboration
• In following the Pew Commission’s
• emphasis on collaboration, the new CIP
Program Instructions require that recipient
state courts conduct ongoing and meaningful
collaboration with child welfare agencies and
tribes.
• This requirement applied to all tribes, not just
those recognized by the federal government.
• Emphasis on data collection and training for
stakeholders.
72. State Requirements to Show
Compliance with the Five Major
Components of ICWA• Identification of Indian children by the State Welfare
Service Agency
• Notification of Indian parents and Tribes of State
proceedings involving Indian children and their right to
intervene;
• Placement preferences of Indian children in foster
care, pre-adoptive, and adoptive homes;
• Active efforts to prevent the breakup of the Indian
family when parties seek to place a child in foster care
or for adoption; and
• Tribal right to intervene in State proceedings, or
transfer proceedings to the jurisdiction of the Tribe.
73. Georgia’s Compliance with the Five
Major Components of the Indian Child
Welfare Act
• In order to determine Georgia’s Compliance
with the Indian Child Welfare Act, one must
review Georgia’s compliance with the
requirements of the Annual Progress and
Service Report (APSR), Child and Family
Service Plan (CFSP) and the Chafee Foster
Care Independent Program (P.L. 106-169)
74. "Let us put our minds together
and see what life we can make
for our children."
--Sitting Bull
75. Resources
• Gina Jackson, MSW
• Model Court Liaison
• Permanency Planning for Children Department
• National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges
• 50 West Liberty, Suite 300
• University of Nevada, Reno
• Reno, NV 89501
• Tel: (775) 784-7040
• Fax:(775) 327-2393
76. RESOURCES
• B.J. Jones, The Indian Child Welfare Act
Handbook (American Bar Association 1995).
This book summarizes case law nationally,
includes the BIA guidelines, and lists the
addresses of all federally recognized tribes. To
order, call 1-800-285-2221.
• NEVADA ICWA CHECKLIST, ICWA Resource
Guide
77. Resources
Tribal Star, Academy for Professional Excellence, San Diego St
://
theacademy.sdsu.edu/TribalSTAR/resources/Resource_List.
National Indian Child Welfare Association
http://www.nicwa.org/Indian_Child_Welfare_Act/
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