Child health problem in India Pediatric Nursing
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Child health problems in developing countries like India include low birth weight, malnutrition, infections and infestations, accidents and poisoning, and behavioral disorders. Low birth weight increases the risk of death and unhealthy development. Malnutrition in early life leads to stunted growth. Common infections in children are diarrhea, respiratory illnesses, and parasites due to poor sanitation and hygiene. Accidents, especially burns and falls, are also a major issue due to inadequate childrearing practices. Behavioral problems are increasing due to family and social issues.
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Preventive pediatrics in Child Health Nursing
Preventive pediatrics has been defined as the prevention of diseases and the promotion of physical, mental, and social well-being for children to reach optimal growth and development.
Hospitalization in children
Hospitalization in children can occur for a variety of medical reasons including scheduled tests, procedures, surgery, or emergency treatment. Prior to admission, parents should prepare their child by explaining what to expect in an age-appropriate way. Upon admission, paperwork is completed, consent is obtained, and the child is given an ID bracelet. Risks depend on the specific treatment, but hospitalization can also have negative effects like isolation, anxiety, or pain. However, it may also enable bravery and new social contacts. Before discharge, instructions are reviewed to aid the child's recovery at home.
Current trends in child health nursing
The document summarizes the current status of child health in India. It outlines the leading causes of under-5 mortality as pneumonia, complications of prematurity, diarrhea, birth asphyxia, neonatal sepsis, congenital anomalies, and measles. The infant mortality rate, neonatal mortality rate, and under-5 mortality rate have been decreasing but remain higher than targets set for 2010, 2015, and 2017. The document also discusses trends in child health nursing, including family-centered care, high technology care, primary nursing, case management, creating a child-friendly environment, atraumatic care, and cost containment.
NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION RELATED TO CHILD HEALTH
The document discusses national and international organizations related to child health. It provides details on 17 national child welfare agencies in India such as the Indian Red Cross Society, Central Social Welfare Board, Indian Council for Child Welfare. It also describes 10 international agencies including WHO, UNICEF, World Bank that work on child health and welfare. The document outlines the establishment year, locations and major activities of these organizations in promoting education, health, safety and development of children.
Hospitalized child
Hospitalization can be stressful for children of all ages due to separation from parents and familiar routines. Younger children may experience separation anxiety while older children worry about missing school or peer activities. Providing family-centered care, frequent family visits, play activities, and explaining medical procedures can help lessen children's stress during hospitalization. Therapeutic play tailored to children's developmental stages allows them to express feelings, learn coping skills, and feel a sense of normalcy and independence despite illness.
Child morbidity
This document discusses child morbidity and mortality rates in India. It defines morbidity as a deviation from physical or mental well-being due to disease, injury, or impairment. It also defines various mortality rates like infant mortality rate (IMR), neonatal mortality rate (NMR), and under-five mortality rate. While India has reduced under-five mortality by 61% between 1990-2013, it still accounts for 20% of global child deaths. The major causes of child deaths in India are pneumonia, diarrhea, congenital abnormalities, and hemorrhagic diseases. Poverty and lack of access to healthcare also contribute to high child and maternal mortality rates in India. Experts recommend prioritizing vaccines for pneumonia and rotavirus to
Organization of nicu
The document outlines the organization and components of a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). It discusses the history of NICUs, physical facility requirements including adequate space, equipment, and staffing. Key aspects that are emphasized include maintaining appropriate environmental conditions, developing different levels of care (I, II, III), and facilitating family involvement to create a gentle environment that supports recovery and development of infants. The overall aim is to reduce mortality and morbidity of at-risk newborns through specialized intensive care.
Current trends in pediatric nursing
The document discusses current trends in pediatric nursing, including: 1) Family centered care which involves enabling and empowering families in health care decisions. 2) High technology care which uses advanced diagnostic technology. 3) Evidence based practice where nurses make decisions based on the best available evidence. 4) Primary nursing which provides 24-hour accountability by one nurse for a small group of patients. 5) Case management which is used in outpatient settings to assign a case manager to patients or groups of patients.
Recommended
Preventive pediatrics in Child Health Nursing
Preventive pediatrics has been defined as the prevention of diseases and the promotion of physical, mental, and social well-being for children to reach optimal growth and development.
Hospitalization in children
Hospitalization in children can occur for a variety of medical reasons including scheduled tests, procedures, surgery, or emergency treatment. Prior to admission, parents should prepare their child by explaining what to expect in an age-appropriate way. Upon admission, paperwork is completed, consent is obtained, and the child is given an ID bracelet. Risks depend on the specific treatment, but hospitalization can also have negative effects like isolation, anxiety, or pain. However, it may also enable bravery and new social contacts. Before discharge, instructions are reviewed to aid the child's recovery at home.
Current trends in child health nursing
The document summarizes the current status of child health in India. It outlines the leading causes of under-5 mortality as pneumonia, complications of prematurity, diarrhea, birth asphyxia, neonatal sepsis, congenital anomalies, and measles. The infant mortality rate, neonatal mortality rate, and under-5 mortality rate have been decreasing but remain higher than targets set for 2010, 2015, and 2017. The document also discusses trends in child health nursing, including family-centered care, high technology care, primary nursing, case management, creating a child-friendly environment, atraumatic care, and cost containment.
NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION RELATED TO CHILD HEALTH
The document discusses national and international organizations related to child health. It provides details on 17 national child welfare agencies in India such as the Indian Red Cross Society, Central Social Welfare Board, Indian Council for Child Welfare. It also describes 10 international agencies including WHO, UNICEF, World Bank that work on child health and welfare. The document outlines the establishment year, locations and major activities of these organizations in promoting education, health, safety and development of children.
Hospitalized child
Hospitalization can be stressful for children of all ages due to separation from parents and familiar routines. Younger children may experience separation anxiety while older children worry about missing school or peer activities. Providing family-centered care, frequent family visits, play activities, and explaining medical procedures can help lessen children's stress during hospitalization. Therapeutic play tailored to children's developmental stages allows them to express feelings, learn coping skills, and feel a sense of normalcy and independence despite illness.
Child morbidity
This document discusses child morbidity and mortality rates in India. It defines morbidity as a deviation from physical or mental well-being due to disease, injury, or impairment. It also defines various mortality rates like infant mortality rate (IMR), neonatal mortality rate (NMR), and under-five mortality rate. While India has reduced under-five mortality by 61% between 1990-2013, it still accounts for 20% of global child deaths. The major causes of child deaths in India are pneumonia, diarrhea, congenital abnormalities, and hemorrhagic diseases. Poverty and lack of access to healthcare also contribute to high child and maternal mortality rates in India. Experts recommend prioritizing vaccines for pneumonia and rotavirus to
Organization of nicu
The document outlines the organization and components of a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). It discusses the history of NICUs, physical facility requirements including adequate space, equipment, and staffing. Key aspects that are emphasized include maintaining appropriate environmental conditions, developing different levels of care (I, II, III), and facilitating family involvement to create a gentle environment that supports recovery and development of infants. The overall aim is to reduce mortality and morbidity of at-risk newborns through specialized intensive care.
Current trends in pediatric nursing
The document discusses current trends in pediatric nursing, including: 1) Family centered care which involves enabling and empowering families in health care decisions. 2) High technology care which uses advanced diagnostic technology. 3) Evidence based practice where nurses make decisions based on the best available evidence. 4) Primary nursing which provides 24-hour accountability by one nurse for a small group of patients. 5) Case management which is used in outpatient settings to assign a case manager to patients or groups of patients.
Role of Child Health Nurse in caring of Hospital Child
Subject : Child Health Nursing. Topic : Role Of Child Health Nurse In Child care at Hospital, Nursing Diagnosis, Various Measures to make hospital Child Friendly, Nurses Role in Care Of Toddlers, Infants, School Children, Adolescent.
Introduction to Paediatric Nursing
Paediatric nursing involves providing specialized care to children from conception through adolescence. It aims to promote children's growth, development and well-being. Key principles include treating each child as a unique individual, supporting their family, and delivering developmentally-appropriate care. Current trends emphasize family-centered care, shorter hospital stays, and expanded nursing roles in areas like primary care, education and research. Paediatric nursing also addresses important ethical, legal and social issues related to children's health and rights.
TRENDS IN PEDIATRICS AND PEDIATRIC NURSING
TRENDS IN PEDIATRICS AND PEDIATRIC NURSING
Pediatric regarded as the medical science which enables an anticipated newborn to grow into a healthy adult, useful to the society
Hospital environment for a sick child
The document discusses the hospital environment for sick children and its impact. It notes that the hospital environment can be stressful for children and their families. It presents different strategies for preparing the hospital environment based on a child's age and developmental stage, from infancy to adolescence. The document also outlines common reactions children may have to hospitalization at different ages and the role of nurses in helping children and families cope with the hospital experience.
NURSING MANAGEMENT OF CHILDREN WITH COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
This document provides guidance for nursing management of children with communicable diseases. It outlines assessing the child's history, symptoms, vital signs and risk factors. Potential nursing diagnoses include hyperthermia, skin issues and fluid deficits. Nurses should provide supportive care, administer medications properly and educate families on home care, prevention of transmission, comfort measures and ensuring full treatment is completed.
Hospitalized child
The document discusses the impact of hospitalization on children of different ages and strategies to help prepare them. It notes that hospitalization can cause emotional trauma in children and outlines ways to prepare infants, toddlers, preschoolers, school-aged children, and adolescents for their hospital stay. These include explaining what to expect in an age-appropriate manner, encouraging questions, allowing favorite toys, maintaining routines, and using play and recreational activities.
national & international welfare agencies for children
National and international agencies work to promote child welfare in India. The key national agencies are the Indian Council of Child Welfare, Central Social Welfare Board, and others. They receive government funding and operate branches across India. Their activities include day care services, recreation facilities, and holiday programs. Major international agencies that assist India include WHO, UNICEF, and UNESCO. They aim to improve health, nutrition, sanitation, and other factors. Specifically, WHO works to eradicate diseases and raise health standards globally. UNICEF focuses on child survival, protection, development, education, and family welfare programs in India. Both agencies collaborate closely with national and local partners.
HOSPITALIZATION: Effect on children and their parents
The experience of hospitalization in children can be considered as a process of effort for returning to health and, on the whole, the regaining of the individual's status in the world.
Nurse can ease this process by showing the importance of experience and feelings of individuals at the time of hospitalization and help people to adapt themselves to their new surroundings.
3.National policy and legislation in relation to child health and welfare.pptx
The Government of India adopted a National Policy for children in 1974 with the goal of providing adequate services to ensure children's full physical, mental and social development. The policy aimed to progressively increase these services so that all children could enjoy optimal conditions for balanced growth. Subsequently, the Government of India introduced several programs including ICDS, supplementary feeding, nutrition education, production of nutritious foods, and welfare of handicapped children. The policy and acts that followed outlined comprehensive services and protections for children including health care, education, recreation, protection from exploitation, banning of child labor, and support for disabled children.
Current trends pediatric_nursing( MAYUR YADAV)
The document discusses current trends in pediatric nursing, including family-centered care, high-technology care, evidence-based practice, primary nursing, case management, child-oriented environments, atraumatic care, cost containment, applying the nursing process, and ethics in pediatric nursing. Key trends are a focus on empowering families, diagnostic advancements allowing for in-womb assessments, using the best research evidence to guide practice, primary nurses taking responsibility for small patient groups, assigning case managers to outpatients, creating child-friendly hospital environments, minimizing harm to patients, containing costs while providing quality care, and respecting patients' autonomy and providing truthful information.
1.modern concepts of child care
Pediatrics is the branch of medicine concerned with the care of children from conception to adolescence. It aims to promote health and prevent illness through measures like immunizations, nutrition education, and early screening. The concept of child care has evolved from a focus on mortality and illness to considering the whole child and family environment. The pediatric nurse's role is also expanding, with emphasis on health promotion, family-centered care in various settings, and specialized roles like practitioner and educator.
Baby weighing.pptx
This document provides instructions for weighing a baby to assess their health, nutritional, and general condition. Key steps include explaining the procedure to the mother, cleaning the scale with an alcohol swab, placing the nude baby on a sheet-covered scale while holding a hand near for safety, noting the weight, and recording it on the baby's growth chart. The goal is to accurately determine the baby's body weight to monitor their health and development.
IMNCI
The document discusses the Integrated Management of Childhood Illnesses (IMNCI) strategy developed by WHO and UNICEF to provide integrated care for young infants and children for common childhood illnesses. The IMNCI strategy includes improving the case management skills of health staff, strengthening the overall health system, and improving family and community health care practices. It provides guidelines for assessing, classifying, treating and counseling caretakers of sick young infants and children based on their symptoms and condition.
NICU
This document summarizes the organization of a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). It discusses what a NICU is, the history of NICUs, the aim and objectives of organizing a NICU. The basic requirements, main components to consider, and levels of neonatal care are outlined. The main components include physical facilities, personnel, equipment, laboratory facilities, procedures manuals, transportation of infants, and cooperation between obstetricians and neonatologists.
Preventive pediatrics
Prevention of disease.
Promotion of physical, mental and social well-being of children so that each child may achieve the full genetic potential with which he/she is born.
Primary Prevention
Secondary Prevention
Tertiary Prevention
Hospitalisation of sick child
The document discusses the differences in illness between children and adults and outlines guidelines for admitting sick children to the hospital, including preparing the room and family for admission. It also examines children's reactions to hospitalization according to their developmental stage and the roles of nurses in helping children and their families cope with and adapt to being in the hospital.
Hospitalized child
The document discusses the care of hospitalized children. It emphasizes that children require specialized pediatric care due to anatomical, physiological, immunological, psychosocial and cognitive differences compared to adults. The hospital environment can impact children in various ways depending on their developmental stage. Nursing care aims to minimize stressors like separation from parents, loss of control, and pain/injury through measures like parental involvement, developmentally-appropriate activities, and clear communication. The goal is to help children benefit from hospitalization and cope with the experience in a healthy manner.
Stressors of ill child
This document discusses the stressors and reactions that hospitalized children of different ages may experience. It outlines John Bowlby's three stages of separation anxiety for infants and toddlers: protest, despair, and detachment. Symptoms of separation anxiety are described for infants, toddlers, preschoolers, scholars, and adolescents. The document also addresses parental and sibling anxiety when a child is hospitalized, as well as the role of nurses in supporting hospitalized children and their families.
Effect of Hospitalization on Child and Family
Understand the effects of Hospitalization on the child who is admitted along with the siblings, parents and caregivers and the family. Also, understand the Nurses' responsibility towards the admitted child and the family. This Ppt. deals with the Nurses responsibility in detail not only towards the child but also towards the family as they are also tremendously affected by the hospitalization of their child. Understand the stress caused by child hospitalization, the defence mechanisms used by the child, the stressors of hospitalization in children of different age groups, Post hospitalization behaviour, beneficial effects of hospitalization, parental reaction, sibling reaction, informed consent for care, situations in which consent is required. Nursing management and therapeutic care, the safety of the hospitalized child, special hospital situations and discharge.
Hospitalized child
Here are some key points about administering analgesics to children:
- Use the least invasive route when possible, such as oral or topical. Reserve IV or IM for when other routes aren't effective.
- Start with low doses and titrate up slowly based on response. Children's tolerance for medications can vary greatly.
- Monitor for side effects like respiratory depression, nausea, itching, constipation. Be prepared to treat side effects.
- Involve parents in the process when possible. Their presence can help reduce a child's anxiety.
- Explain the procedure in simple, age-appropriate terms. Address any fears or questions from the child.
- Stay with the child and provide comfort/
Child health problems
This document discusses the main health problems faced by children, including malnutrition, infections, parasitic diseases, accidents, poisoning, and behavioral issues. Malnutrition is the underlying cause of 50% of deaths in children under 5 globally. In India, 43.5% of children under 5 are underweight. Prevention and treatment of infectious diseases like diarrhea and measles can reduce malnutrition. Micronutrient deficiencies like anemia, iodine deficiency, and vitamin A deficiency also affect children's health. Poverty, lack of sanitation and potable water, and poor family/maternal health further exacerbate children's health issues. The environment, socioeconomic status, and availability of social support/healthcare also impact child health outcomes
Early Childhood Care and Education
Early Childhood Developmental Characteristics Below 5 Years and Factors affecting their Development and Growth
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Role of Child Health Nurse in caring of Hospital Child
Subject : Child Health Nursing. Topic : Role Of Child Health Nurse In Child care at Hospital, Nursing Diagnosis, Various Measures to make hospital Child Friendly, Nurses Role in Care Of Toddlers, Infants, School Children, Adolescent.
Introduction to Paediatric Nursing
Paediatric nursing involves providing specialized care to children from conception through adolescence. It aims to promote children's growth, development and well-being. Key principles include treating each child as a unique individual, supporting their family, and delivering developmentally-appropriate care. Current trends emphasize family-centered care, shorter hospital stays, and expanded nursing roles in areas like primary care, education and research. Paediatric nursing also addresses important ethical, legal and social issues related to children's health and rights.
TRENDS IN PEDIATRICS AND PEDIATRIC NURSING
TRENDS IN PEDIATRICS AND PEDIATRIC NURSING
Pediatric regarded as the medical science which enables an anticipated newborn to grow into a healthy adult, useful to the society
Hospital environment for a sick child
The document discusses the hospital environment for sick children and its impact. It notes that the hospital environment can be stressful for children and their families. It presents different strategies for preparing the hospital environment based on a child's age and developmental stage, from infancy to adolescence. The document also outlines common reactions children may have to hospitalization at different ages and the role of nurses in helping children and families cope with the hospital experience.
NURSING MANAGEMENT OF CHILDREN WITH COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
This document provides guidance for nursing management of children with communicable diseases. It outlines assessing the child's history, symptoms, vital signs and risk factors. Potential nursing diagnoses include hyperthermia, skin issues and fluid deficits. Nurses should provide supportive care, administer medications properly and educate families on home care, prevention of transmission, comfort measures and ensuring full treatment is completed.
Hospitalized child
The document discusses the impact of hospitalization on children of different ages and strategies to help prepare them. It notes that hospitalization can cause emotional trauma in children and outlines ways to prepare infants, toddlers, preschoolers, school-aged children, and adolescents for their hospital stay. These include explaining what to expect in an age-appropriate manner, encouraging questions, allowing favorite toys, maintaining routines, and using play and recreational activities.
national & international welfare agencies for children
National and international agencies work to promote child welfare in India. The key national agencies are the Indian Council of Child Welfare, Central Social Welfare Board, and others. They receive government funding and operate branches across India. Their activities include day care services, recreation facilities, and holiday programs. Major international agencies that assist India include WHO, UNICEF, and UNESCO. They aim to improve health, nutrition, sanitation, and other factors. Specifically, WHO works to eradicate diseases and raise health standards globally. UNICEF focuses on child survival, protection, development, education, and family welfare programs in India. Both agencies collaborate closely with national and local partners.
HOSPITALIZATION: Effect on children and their parents
The experience of hospitalization in children can be considered as a process of effort for returning to health and, on the whole, the regaining of the individual's status in the world.
Nurse can ease this process by showing the importance of experience and feelings of individuals at the time of hospitalization and help people to adapt themselves to their new surroundings.
3.National policy and legislation in relation to child health and welfare.pptx
The Government of India adopted a National Policy for children in 1974 with the goal of providing adequate services to ensure children's full physical, mental and social development. The policy aimed to progressively increase these services so that all children could enjoy optimal conditions for balanced growth. Subsequently, the Government of India introduced several programs including ICDS, supplementary feeding, nutrition education, production of nutritious foods, and welfare of handicapped children. The policy and acts that followed outlined comprehensive services and protections for children including health care, education, recreation, protection from exploitation, banning of child labor, and support for disabled children.
Current trends pediatric_nursing( MAYUR YADAV)
The document discusses current trends in pediatric nursing, including family-centered care, high-technology care, evidence-based practice, primary nursing, case management, child-oriented environments, atraumatic care, cost containment, applying the nursing process, and ethics in pediatric nursing. Key trends are a focus on empowering families, diagnostic advancements allowing for in-womb assessments, using the best research evidence to guide practice, primary nurses taking responsibility for small patient groups, assigning case managers to outpatients, creating child-friendly hospital environments, minimizing harm to patients, containing costs while providing quality care, and respecting patients' autonomy and providing truthful information.
1.modern concepts of child care
Pediatrics is the branch of medicine concerned with the care of children from conception to adolescence. It aims to promote health and prevent illness through measures like immunizations, nutrition education, and early screening. The concept of child care has evolved from a focus on mortality and illness to considering the whole child and family environment. The pediatric nurse's role is also expanding, with emphasis on health promotion, family-centered care in various settings, and specialized roles like practitioner and educator.
Baby weighing.pptx
This document provides instructions for weighing a baby to assess their health, nutritional, and general condition. Key steps include explaining the procedure to the mother, cleaning the scale with an alcohol swab, placing the nude baby on a sheet-covered scale while holding a hand near for safety, noting the weight, and recording it on the baby's growth chart. The goal is to accurately determine the baby's body weight to monitor their health and development.
IMNCI
The document discusses the Integrated Management of Childhood Illnesses (IMNCI) strategy developed by WHO and UNICEF to provide integrated care for young infants and children for common childhood illnesses. The IMNCI strategy includes improving the case management skills of health staff, strengthening the overall health system, and improving family and community health care practices. It provides guidelines for assessing, classifying, treating and counseling caretakers of sick young infants and children based on their symptoms and condition.
NICU
This document summarizes the organization of a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). It discusses what a NICU is, the history of NICUs, the aim and objectives of organizing a NICU. The basic requirements, main components to consider, and levels of neonatal care are outlined. The main components include physical facilities, personnel, equipment, laboratory facilities, procedures manuals, transportation of infants, and cooperation between obstetricians and neonatologists.
Preventive pediatrics
Prevention of disease.
Promotion of physical, mental and social well-being of children so that each child may achieve the full genetic potential with which he/she is born.
Primary Prevention
Secondary Prevention
Tertiary Prevention
Hospitalisation of sick child
The document discusses the differences in illness between children and adults and outlines guidelines for admitting sick children to the hospital, including preparing the room and family for admission. It also examines children's reactions to hospitalization according to their developmental stage and the roles of nurses in helping children and their families cope with and adapt to being in the hospital.
Hospitalized child
The document discusses the care of hospitalized children. It emphasizes that children require specialized pediatric care due to anatomical, physiological, immunological, psychosocial and cognitive differences compared to adults. The hospital environment can impact children in various ways depending on their developmental stage. Nursing care aims to minimize stressors like separation from parents, loss of control, and pain/injury through measures like parental involvement, developmentally-appropriate activities, and clear communication. The goal is to help children benefit from hospitalization and cope with the experience in a healthy manner.
Stressors of ill child
This document discusses the stressors and reactions that hospitalized children of different ages may experience. It outlines John Bowlby's three stages of separation anxiety for infants and toddlers: protest, despair, and detachment. Symptoms of separation anxiety are described for infants, toddlers, preschoolers, scholars, and adolescents. The document also addresses parental and sibling anxiety when a child is hospitalized, as well as the role of nurses in supporting hospitalized children and their families.
Effect of Hospitalization on Child and Family
Understand the effects of Hospitalization on the child who is admitted along with the siblings, parents and caregivers and the family. Also, understand the Nurses' responsibility towards the admitted child and the family. This Ppt. deals with the Nurses responsibility in detail not only towards the child but also towards the family as they are also tremendously affected by the hospitalization of their child. Understand the stress caused by child hospitalization, the defence mechanisms used by the child, the stressors of hospitalization in children of different age groups, Post hospitalization behaviour, beneficial effects of hospitalization, parental reaction, sibling reaction, informed consent for care, situations in which consent is required. Nursing management and therapeutic care, the safety of the hospitalized child, special hospital situations and discharge.
Hospitalized child
Here are some key points about administering analgesics to children:
- Use the least invasive route when possible, such as oral or topical. Reserve IV or IM for when other routes aren't effective.
- Start with low doses and titrate up slowly based on response. Children's tolerance for medications can vary greatly.
- Monitor for side effects like respiratory depression, nausea, itching, constipation. Be prepared to treat side effects.
- Involve parents in the process when possible. Their presence can help reduce a child's anxiety.
- Explain the procedure in simple, age-appropriate terms. Address any fears or questions from the child.
- Stay with the child and provide comfort/
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Role of Child Health Nurse in caring of Hospital Child
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national & international welfare agencies for children
HOSPITALIZATION: Effect on children and their parents
HOSPITALIZATION: Effect on children and their parents
3.National policy and legislation in relation to child health and welfare.pptx
3.National policy and legislation in relation to child health and welfare.pptx
Similar to Child health problem in India Pediatric Nursing
Child health problems
This document discusses the main health problems faced by children, including malnutrition, infections, parasitic diseases, accidents, poisoning, and behavioral issues. Malnutrition is the underlying cause of 50% of deaths in children under 5 globally. In India, 43.5% of children under 5 are underweight. Prevention and treatment of infectious diseases like diarrhea and measles can reduce malnutrition. Micronutrient deficiencies like anemia, iodine deficiency, and vitamin A deficiency also affect children's health. Poverty, lack of sanitation and potable water, and poor family/maternal health further exacerbate children's health issues. The environment, socioeconomic status, and availability of social support/healthcare also impact child health outcomes
Early Childhood Care and Education
Early Childhood Developmental Characteristics Below 5 Years and Factors affecting their Development and Growth
TheChangers
Malnutrition is a major problem in India, affecting nearly half of all children. It impairs physical and cognitive development and increases susceptibility to illness. The main causes are poor maternal health and nutrition, improper infant feeding practices, lack of access to healthcare and sanitation, and gender inequality. Malnutrition costs India billions annually in lost productivity and places a significant burden on the country's development. While India has implemented programs to address malnutrition, more focus and coordinated implementation is still needed to effectively reduce rates of this critical issue.
Healthcare Issues for Children.docx
Healthcare issues for children include violence, infectious diseases, poverty, hunger, environment, education, and access to care. Violence has caused many children to lose their lives or be disabled. Infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS, diarrhea and malaria have killed many children worldwide. Poverty deprives children of their rights and weakens their environment. Hunger continues to affect over 1 billion children globally through inadequate access to essential resources. Environmental factors also impact children's physical and mental development. Lack of education and access to affordable healthcare further exacerbate health challenges for children.
INTRODUCTION TO CHILD HEALTH
This document discusses the concept of child health in pediatrics. It defines pediatrics as the branch of medicine dealing with the care of children from conception through adolescence, focusing on preventive, promotive, curative and rehabilitative care. Key factors that affect child health include maternal health, family health, socioeconomic situation, environmental factors, social support and access to healthcare facilities. Maternal health and nutrition, as well as family size, relationships, and stability can all impact a child's development and vulnerability to health problems.
Effect of Mothers Working and Non Working Status on the Nutritional Status of...
Health and nutritional status are two crucial and interlinked aspects of human development, which in to interact with demographic variables Malnutrition a condition that occurs due to intake of inadequate amount of nutrients leading to insufficient nourishment continues to be a problem of considerable magnitude in most of the developing countries in the world. Preschool children are one of the most nutritionally vulnerable segments of the population. Nutrition during the first 5 years has not only an impact on growth and morbidity during childhood, but also acts as a determinant of nutritional status in adolescent and adult life. Global comparative data indicate that contrary to common perception, prevalence of under nutrition is highest in South Asian children. India has the highest occurrence of childhood malnutrition in the world. Malnutrition is responsible for 55 percent of all deaths of children younger than 5 years of age globally. Malnutrition makes a child susceptible to infections and delayed recovery, thus increasing mortality and morbidity. It is therefore logical to direct attention to the quality of life of the survivors Bose and Das, 2010 . Joyeeta Bhattacharyya "Effect of Mothers Working and Non-Working Status on the Nutritional Status of Pre School Children" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd41167.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comhome-science/food-and-nutrition/41167/effect-of-mothers-working-and-nonworking-status-on-the-nutritional-status-of-pre-school-children/joyeeta-bhattacharyya
1 DQ 1When a baby is born, one of the first concerns is thei.docx
1 DQ 1
When a baby is born, one of the first concerns is their weight. A baby with an extremely low birth weight (ELBW) alerts the physician to a possible problem. The extremely low birth weight infants are those born with less than 1,500g (James, Wood, Nair, & Williams, 2018). According to Robbins, Hutchings, Dietz, Kuklina, & Callaghan (2014), about 40% of babies born with extremely low birth weight end up with a fairly significant disease. The diseases are cerebral palsy, mental retardation, blindness in both eyes, hearing loss, significant chronic disease that requires special medication, and often frequent hospitalization. Getting prenatal care before and during pregnancy ensures the well-being of the mother and a healthy baby.
Effect of Extremely Low Birth Weight Babies on Family and Community
Babies born with extremely low birth weight have various health and developmental complications. The birth of a baby with ELBW can result in substantial emotional and economic costs to the families. Also, the public sector services can be strained as a result. These services include social support systems, educational, and health insurance services. In the short term, the babies may require life support in the neonatal care unit because readmission risk is high. Often, the babies have immature brains and respiratory distress that will need ventilators.
Premature babies may have long-term impacts like poor health and growth, mental retardation, visual and hearing impairments, and cerebral palsy. The majority of the babies will have issues relating to breathing and feeding. The more premature the baby is, the system in the baby is premature. They will therefore have unique and life-threatening problems with each one of those systems. The babies born premature may exhibit learning difficulties, high risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, high risk of Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder, socioemotional and behavioral problems. The loss of an infant is a demoralizing experience for a family.
There are significant disparities in premature and low birth weights of infants. Minority groups, the marginalized, and the poor are at a greater risk of premature and extremely low birth weight. An example of the disparities among minority populations is native Americans and African Americans to non-Hispanic white births. According to Martin, Hamilton, Osterman, and Driscoll (2019), the preterm birth rate was 10.23 in 2019. In the same year, the preterm birth rate for non-Hispanic black mothers was 14.39% as compared to 8.72% of non-Hispanic Asian mothers and 11.51% for the Hispanic subgroups. Infants born of mothers of low socioeconomic rank are more likely to be born prematurely. African Americans are at a higher risk due to a higher population of low socioeconomic status.
Prematurity is associated with increased risks for developmental delay, vision problems, hearing problems, and family stress. To assist with the problem of preterm infants in both f.
The Effect Of Poverty On Children’S Development
The document discusses the effects of poverty on children's development. It notes that poverty can negatively impact children's cognitive development, physical health, and socio-emotional development. Growing up in poverty is associated with lower academic achievement, more behavioral issues, poorer health outcomes like higher rates of illness, and poorer performance on cognitive tests. Poverty places children at risk by limiting resources in the home, impacting parental interactions, and reducing access to services and opportunities in impoverished neighborhoods.
Effects of Child Undernutrition in the Developing World
Undernutrition, also known as malnutrition, is the largest contributor to child mortality worldwide according to the World Health Organization. Chronic undernutrition can impair cognitive development in children by negatively impacting brain development. Stunting, low height and weight for age, can result from undernutrition. Undernutrition also increases the risk of death from infectious diseases in children. Effective interventions to address undernutrition include promoting breastfeeding, complementary feeding, micronutrient supplementation, improving family nutrition, and reducing disease burden.
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This document discusses food insecurity in the United States. It defines food insecurity and notes that over 17 million households experience it, despite the country's wealth. Food insecurity is linked to health and developmental issues for children and causes like poverty. The document examines who is most affected by food insecurity and the physical, emotional and economic impacts. It explores reasons for food insecurity such as low incomes, unemployment, lack of access to nutritious affordable food due to food deserts, and political factors related to agriculture and subsidies.
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The document discusses several key socioeconomic factors that influence child mortality rates, including health, nutrition, poverty, gender, and education. Poverty is associated with higher risks of issues like low birth weight, chronic diseases, obesity, injuries, and lack of school readiness. Maternal health, literacy, breastfeeding practices, and access to healthcare services are also important determinants of child mortality. Addressing socioeconomic inequalities through interventions like nutrition programs, healthcare access, and women's empowerment can help reduce under-five mortality rates in developing nations.
Socio medical determinants of child health
The document discusses several key socioeconomic factors that influence child mortality rates, including health, nutrition, poverty, gender, and education. Poverty is associated with higher rates of low birth weight, chronic diseases, obesity, accidental injuries, and lack of school readiness. Maternal health, literacy, breastfeeding practices, and access to healthcare services are also important determinants of child mortality. Addressing socioeconomic inequalities through interventions like nutrition programs, healthcare access, and women's empowerment can help reduce under-five mortality rates in developing nations.
Health Nutrition and Safety week2.pptx
This document provides an overview of objectives and content for a week 2 child health course. The objectives are to identify concepts in child health, nutrition, and safety; understand well-being and differentiate it from ill-being; develop skills in identifying healthy and unhealthy children; and identify factors contributing to healthy and unhealthy living. The document then covers topics related to these objectives, including the interrelationship between health, nutrition, and safety; hereditary and environmental factors influencing children's health; signs of healthy and unhealthy children; and factors contributing to lifestyle.
Factors affecting growth and development
Growth and development are influenced by many interdependent genetic and environmental factors. Genetic factors like sex, race, and hereditary conditions impact physical attributes. Prenatal factors such as maternal health, nutrition, infections and substance abuse can also affect fetal growth. Postnatally, nutrition, health, socioeconomic status, environment, and learning experiences further shape a child's development. Maintaining favorable conditions optimizes normal growth and maturation.
factorsaffectinggrowthanddevelopment-210602032247.pdf
Genetic, environmental, and prenatal factors all influence child growth and development. Genetic factors like a child's sex, race, and any genetic disorders can impact development. The prenatal environment, including maternal health, nutrition, infections, and substance use also affect fetal growth. After birth, postnatal factors like nutrition, illness, physical environment, socioeconomic status, and learning experiences further shape development. Growth and development are complex, multifactorial processes determined by an interaction of hereditary and environmental influences from conception onwards.
Protein energy malnurition
This document provides information on protein energy malnutrition (PEM), including:
- PEM refers to a range of pathological conditions arising from coincidental lack of proteins and calories, most frequently affecting infants and young children.
- Assessment of nutritional status can be done through dietary, clinical, anthropometric, biochemical, morphological, radiological, and epidemiological evaluations.
- PEM is caused by a combination of inadequate dietary intake and illness/infection, and is a major public health problem in developing countries, contributing to over half of deaths in children under 5 years old.
5 highland peruvian malnutrition
The document discusses child malnutrition in Peru's highlands. It defines malnutrition as an abnormal state caused by nutritional deficiencies or imbalances. It then outlines the basic, underlying, and immediate causes of child malnutrition in the highlands, including poverty, inequality, lack of access to food/healthcare/water. The document also discusses the consequences of malnutrition like decreased vital functions and development. It notes that over 700,000 Peruvian children aged 0-5 suffer from chronic malnutrition, especially in certain highland regions. It concludes by discussing prevention strategies and government/non-profit programs and initiatives working to address the issue.
Research paper sp
The document discusses the growing epidemic of childhood obesity in the United States. It states that approximately 17% of children ages 2-19 are obese, which can negatively impact their education, social development, and health. Childhood obesity is linked to lower test scores and IQ as well as increased risk of conditions like diabetes, heart disease, depression, and low self-esteem. If not addressed, obesity in children is likely to continue into adulthood and affect future generations through learned health behaviors. The document argues that childhood obesity has many consequences and should no longer be overlooked.
Malnutrition Among Indian Children
The document discusses malnutrition among children in India. It defines protein energy malnutrition and outlines the different types. It notes that India has a high proportion of malnourished children, with approximately 47% of children under 3 being undernourished. The main causes of malnutrition in India are inadequate food intake and infections like diarrhea, which increase nutrient needs and decrease absorption.
TEENAGE PREGNANCY
The document discusses teenage pregnancy, defining it as occurring between ages 13-19. Main causes include poverty, lack of access to contraception, and substance abuse. Consequences include mental, social, financial problems for the mother as well as health risks for the baby like premature birth. Teen pregnancy costs U.S. taxpayers $11 billion per year. It can also negatively impact the teen's education by causing irregular attendance and dropping out. Suggested solutions include improved sex education, access to contraception and counseling.
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Child health problem in India Pediatric Nursing
- 1. Presented by:- Mr. Pradeep Kumar Bais MSc. Child Health Nursing
- 2. CHILD HEALTH PROBLEMS In the developing country like India, the child health care givers are facing a large numbers of problems. The measures health problems include low birth weight, malnutrition, infections and infestations, accidents and poisoning, behavioral problems, etc.
- 3. Low birth weight (LBW) It is the single most important determinant of the chances of survival, and healthy development of children. In countries, where the incidence of LBW infants is less, there preterm birth is the major cause. WHO estimated that globally about 17 percent of all live births are LBW babies.
- 4. Malnutrition Malnutrition in infancy and childhood leads to growth retardation. Undernourished children do not grow to their full potential of physical and mental abilities. The most frequent nutritional deficiency states are protein-energy malnutrition, vitamin- “A” deficiency, nutritional anemia, iodine deficiency, etc.
- 5. Infection and parasitic infestation These are very common in children. The leading childhood infections are diarrhea, respiratory infections, measles, tuberculosis, pertussis, poliomyelitis, neonatal tetanus and diphtheria. Malaria and intestinal parasitosis including round worm, hookworm, tapeworm, giardiasis and amebiasis are frequently seen in children due to poor environmental sanitation, inadequate hygiene measures, unhygienic food and unsafe water.
- 6. Accidents and poisoning These are relatively more important child health problems in developed countries. But in developing countries like India, accidents are frequently among children especially the home accident like burns, fall and poisoning due to inefficient child rearing practice. Outdoor accidents are also increasing in numbers among children specially road traffic accidents.
- 7. Behavioral disorders These are another increasing child health problems due to disturbances in family relationship, inadequate parent-child interaction, broken family, lack of education, inappropriate socioeconomic support and situational unrest. Juvenile delinquencies, educational backwardness, habit disorders, personality problems, emotional disturbance, sexual promiscuity.
- 8. Others Twin births Birth order 5 or more Spacing of children less than 2 years Death of either or both parents No breastfeeding or insufficient breastfeeding along wit artificial feeding.