Chikungunya is a viral disease transmitted by infected mosquitoes that causes fever and severe joint pain. It is caused by the chikungunya virus which is spread between humans by Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Large outbreaks have occurred in parts of Africa, India, and Southeast Asia. Currently, there is no vaccine available and treatment focuses on relieving symptoms.

2. Tasnim Hoque Neela
ID - BPh130101031
Md. Saiful Islam Chowdhury
ID- BPh130100991
Presented
by

3. List of content
• Introduction
• Chikungunya virus
• Epidemics of chikungunya
• History
• Recent outbreak
• Chikungunya viral disease spreads first in Dhaka
• Sign and symptoms
• Transmission
• Diagnosis of disease
• Prevention
• Vaccination
• Treatment

4. Chikungunya
• Chikungunya is a viral disease transmitted to
humans by infected mosquitoes. It causes fever
and severe joint pain. Other symptoms include
muscle pain, headache, nausea, fatigue and rash.
• The virus is spread between people by two types
of mosquitoes:
Aedes albopictus and
Aedes aegypti
• They mainly bite during the day.

5. Chikungunya virus
• Class – Arbor Virus (Arthropod Borne)
• Family – Togaviridae
• Genus – Alpha virus
• Species – Chikungunya Virus

6. Epidemics of Chikungunya
• Large epidemics were recognized in
Transvaal of south Africa, Zambia, India
and South-east asia and Philippine.

7. History
• Chikungunya disease was first detected in
1952 in africa at a place called Makonde
Plateau. This is a border area between
Tanzania and Mozambique.
• The first recorded outbreak of this disease
may have been in 1779.
• 1955 - Marion Robinson and W.H.R.
Lumsden identifies and describes
Chikungunya.

8. History (Cont.)
• 1963/64 - Chikungunya detected Indian
cities mainly calcutta, maharashtra and
vellore. The number of infections were in
lakhs (100,000+) and over 200 deaths
were reported.
• 1969 - Chikungunya detected in Srilanka.

9. Recent outbreak
• Outbreaks are often separated by periods
of more than 10 years. Between 2001 and
2011, a number of countries reported on
chikungunya outbreaks.
• 2006: Outbreak in India, more than 1 500
000 cases of chikungunya were reported .

10. Recent outbreak (Cont.)
• 2007: Migration of infected people
introduced the infection in a coastal village
in Italy.
• Chikungunya has been identified in nearly
40 countries.

11. Chikungunya viral disease
spreads fast in Dhaka
• Bangladesh found the first case in 2008 in
northern Rajshahi and Chap’ainawabganj
districts.
• People affected with Chikungunya disease are
believed to be more in some areas of
Dhanmondi, Kalabagan, Green Road, Hatirpool,
Lalmatia, Malibagh, Basabo, Gulshan, Uttara
and Mirpur in the capital.
• There are also patients coming from different
districts and upazilas outside Dhaka.

12. Signs and symptoms
• Symptoms appear between 4 and 7 days after the patient
has been bitten by the infected mosquito and these include:
• High fever (40°C/ 104°F)
• Joint pain (lower back, ankle, knees, wrists or phalanges)
• Joint swelling
• Rash
• Headache
• Muscle pain
• Nausea
• Fatigue

13. Transmission
• Chikungunya is generally transmitted from
mosquitoes to humans. Less common modes of
transmission include vertical transmission,
which is transmission from mother to child
during pregnancy or at birth.
• The virus is transmitted to human by the bites
of infected female mosquitoes.
• Most commonly, the mosquitoes involved are
Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus.

14. • These mosquitoes can be found biting
throughout daylight hours, though there
may be peaks of activity in the early
morning and late afternoon.
• After the bite of an infected mosquito,
onset of illness occurs usually between 4
and 8 days but can range from 2 to 12
days.
Transmission (Cont.)

15. Diagnosis of disease
• Only a blood test can definitively diagnose
chikungunya as symptoms are not always
easy to tell apart from other conditions.
• Presently, there is no specific way to test for
chronic signs and symptoms associated with
Chikungunya fever .

16. Prevention
• Wearing clothing that covers the whole body.
• Staying indoors as much as possible, especially
during early morning and late afternoon.
• Avoiding traveling to areas experiencing
outbreaks.
• Sleeping under a mosquito net.
• Using mosquito coils and insecticide vaporizers.

17. Vaccination
• As of 2017, no approved vaccines are
available.
• Alternative vaccine strategies have been
developed, and show efficacy in mouse models.
• In August 2014 researchers at the National
Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases in
the USA were testing an experimental vaccine
which uses virus-like particles (VLPs) instead of
attenuated virus.

18. Treatment
• There are no specific drugs to treat
chikungunya; doctors simply recommend rest
and plenty of fluids.
• Medications will help ease fever and joint pain.
• These include:
Naproxen
Ibuprofen
Acetaminophen
• For longer-lasting aches, physiotherapy may
be helpful.

19. • Passive immunotherapy has potential
benefit in treatment of chikungunya.
• To prevent further spread of the virus, it is
important for people to avoid mosquito
bites during the first week of illness.
• In those who have more than two weeks of
arthritis, ribavirin may be useful.
Treatment (Cont.)