This document provides guidance on qualitative analysis techniques for KCSE chemistry practical exams. It outlines common reagents used to test for various cations and anions, including sodium hydroxide, ammonia, lead nitrate, sulfuric acid, potassium manganate, and bromine water. Sample procedures are provided for using these reagents to infer the presence of ions like sulfate, carbonate, chloride, and lead based on observations of precipitates and gas evolution. Guidelines are also given for organic compound analysis and thermochemistry experiments involving temperature measurements over time.