6. WHAT IS CHEMISTRY
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY IS THE STUDY OF ALL CARBON
COMPOUND
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY IS THE STUDY OF ALL NON-CARBON
COMPOUND
BIOCHEMISTRY IS THE STUDY OF PROCESSES THAT TAKE PLACE
INSIDE OF LIVING ORGANISMS
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY IS THE STUDY OF THE COMPOSITION
OF MATTER
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY IS THE STUDY OF THE MECHANISM, THE
RATE AND THE ENERGY TRANSFER IN MATTER CHANGES
8. 99% of the mass of the human body
is made up of just six elements:
oxygen
carbon
hydrogen
nitrogen
calcium
phosphoru
Chemistry in the Human Body
Chemistry in our daily life
14. Chemistry in warfare
Chemical weapons :
Starting to be used common in the first
war world.
The german used clothane to attack
Belgium
Changed the first world war
becoming the fear of humanity
18. SO WE WANT TO HAVE A PROPER UNDERSTANDING AND
KNOWLEDGE OF DRUGS.
• FROM DISCOVERY TO DEVELOPMENT
• FROM PRODUCTION AND STORAGE TO ADMINISTRATION
• FROM DESIRED ACTIONS TO ADVERSE EFFECTS OF DRUGS
WE NEED TO LEARN CHEMISTRY
19. CHEMISTRY AND SOURCES
• IN THE DISCOVERY STAGE, SUITABLE SOURCES ARE
EXPLORED.
natural
Morphine from papaver
somniferum
synthetic
Paracetamol, a popular
analgesic and antipyretic
Semi-
synthetic
penicillin
20. • WHATEVER THE SOURCE IS, CHEMISTRY IS INVOLVED IN ALL
PROCESSES IN THE DISCOVERY PHASE
23. Firstly, in the drug development steps, especially in the pre-formulation
and formulation studies, structures and the physical properties, e.g.
solubility and pH, of the drug molecules are exploited.
Chemical Content
Ascorbic acid 5.0 g
Sodium bicarbonate 2.365 g
Sodium metabisulfite 0.100 g
Disodium edetate 0.020 g
Distilled water 100 ml
24. Ascorbic acid
Freely soluble in water, soluble in
alcohol
pH 5.0 to 6.5 makes it stable and
increase solubility
Easily oxidize
25. Chemistry, particularly physical properties of drugs, is also important
to determine storage conditions.
Store at 2 degrees to 8 degrees. Protect
from light. pH 5.0 to 6.5.
(BP 2008)
Ascorbic acid
27. The chemistry of drug molecules dictates the choice of the
appropriate route of administration.
28. • When administered, the action of a drug inside our body
depends on its binding to appropriate receptor, and its
subsequent metabolic processes, all of which involve complex
enzyme-driven biochemical reactions.
29. When many drugs are used in combination, they can have
harmful effects.
30. All drugs are chemicals, and pharmacy is a subject
that deals with the study of various aspects of drugs.
Therefore, it is needless to say that to become a good
pharmacist the knowledge of the chemistry of drugs is
essential.
38. Increasing worldwide
demand for fertilizers
Many of the top dozen
chemicals produced in the
United States are used in the
production of fertilizers
41. 2.2 Phosphate rock and H2SO4
Phosphat rock
Ca5(PO4)3F
Man-made fertilizers
Florida sits on one of the richest deposits of phosphate rock.
42. Ca3(PO4 ) > Ca2+ + PO4
3- ???
PO43
-
Photphate rock is not soluble in
water.
But Plant nutrients must be soluble
obtain nutriens through their
roots.
44. N P
Phosphoric acid is used in a variety of ways to produce other fertilizer
Supply N and P for Plant
45. Conclusion
• The chemical primary products are fertilizers or
chemiscals (H2SO4, H3PO4),which are used to make
fertilizes.
• Thanks to the insight of Benjamin Frankin more than
two hundered years ago, we have been able to nourish
more people than would have been possible
otherwise.
