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This document defines and describes different types of chemical reactions. It states that a chemical reaction involves the transformation of one or more substances into products with different properties. Chemical reactions are represented by equations showing reactants and products. The main types of reactions discussed are combination, decomposition, displacement, and double displacement reactions. The document also discusses endothermic and exothermic reactions, neutralization reactions between acids and bases, and the classification of oxides as basic, acidic, amphoteric, or neutral based on how they react.
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The document discusses different types of chemical reactions including combination, decomposition, single replacement, double replacement, and combustion reactions. It provides examples of each type of reaction by showing the starting reactants and products. Combination reactions involve two or more reactants directly combining to form a single product. Decomposition reactions involve a single reactant breaking into two or more products.
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This document discusses different types of chemical reactions. It describes combination reactions where two reactants form one product, decomposition reactions where a single compound breaks down into simpler substances through thermal, electrolytic, or photochemical means, and displacement and double displacement reactions. Key examples are provided for combination reactions like zinc and iodine forming zinc iodide, and decomposition reactions like silver chloride breaking down into silver and chlorine gas when exposed to sunlight.
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Hello friends this is the notes of the chapter chemical reactions and equations .
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Chemical reactions involve the conversion of one substance into another. There are five signs that a chemical reaction has occurred, including a change in color, gas evolution, light production, solid formation, or heat absorption/release. A chemical equation is used to represent reactants on the left and products on the right, with an arrow showing the direction of the reaction. There are four main types of chemical reactions: decomposition, combination, single displacement, and double displacement.
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This document discusses different types of chemical reactions. It describes combination reactions where two reactants form one product, decomposition reactions where a single compound breaks down into simpler substances through thermal, electrolytic, or photochemical means, and displacement and double displacement reactions. Key examples are provided for combination reactions like zinc and iodine forming zinc iodide, and decomposition reactions like silver chloride breaking down into silver and chlorine gas when exposed to sunlight.
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Chemical reactions involve the conversion of one substance into another. There are five signs that a chemical reaction has occurred, including a change in color, gas evolution, light production, solid formation, or heat absorption/release. A chemical equation is used to represent reactants on the left and products on the right, with an arrow showing the direction of the reaction. There are four main types of chemical reactions: decomposition, combination, single displacement, and double displacement.
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Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
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