1. "Start With
the Name of
Allah, the
Most
Beneficent,
the Most
Merciful"
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2. Pollution
• By:
Farooq Azam Wajeeh_ul_Hassan
Bilawal Khan Ali Haider
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3. What is pollution?
• Pollution is the introduction of harmful substances or products into
the environment
• Main types of pollution
• Water Pollution
• Air Pollution
• Soil Pollution
• Biological
• Nuclear
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5. Causes of Water
Pollution
Non point sources are ambiguously defined and harder to control.
Point sources are the easiest to identify and control.
Factors that contribute to water pollution can be categorized into two different groups
Point sources Non-point sources
6. Point Sources
• Some point
sources of water
pollution include
• Factories
• Sewage
system
• Power plants
• Underground
coalmines
• Oil wells
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8. Non-point
Sources
• Some non-
point source
of water pollutio
n include
• Moving of rain
or snow
• Runoff of
fertilizers
• Air pollutants
• Storm water
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10. Chemicals responsible for water pollution
• New Chemicals are produced
• 55 million tons of hazardous chemical wastes are produced in
the US each year
• The 20 most abundant compounds :
Effects :
• Eutrophication
• Food chain Contamination
• Epidemics
11. Control of
Water Pollution
• People
Awareness
• Purification of
Sewage
• Industrial Wastes
should be treated
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13. Causes of Air
Pollution
• Deforestation
• Sulfur dioxide
• Chlorofluorocar
bons (CFCs)
• CFCs come
from
• The burning of
plastic foam
items
• Leaking
refrigerator
equipment
• Spray cans This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-SA.
14. Natural Air
Pollutants
• Natural air
pollutants can
include:
• Smoke from
wild fires
• Methane
released from
live stock
• Volcanic
eruptions
This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-NC.
This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY.
15. Consequences of Air Pollution
• CO2 is a good transmitter of sunlight, but ...
• Increasing the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere
• CO2 in atmosphere
• GLOBALWARMING
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16. A Smoggy City
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17. Photochemical
Smog
• Causes:-
Chemicals give
rise to
photo chemica
l smog.
Chronic exposure of
leaves and needles
• Effects:-
Irritates eyes and lu
ngs
excessive water loss
damage from diseas
es, pests,
drought and frost.
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19. Causes of Soil
Pollution
• Contamination of soil
system
• Four Main causes of
Soil pollution
• Construction
• Agriculture
• Domestic waste
• Industrial Waste
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20. Chemicals
causing soil
pollution
• Metallic pollutants:
Textiles, dyes,
soaps, detergents, drugs,
cement, rubber, paper
• Agro chemicals:
Fertilizers,
pesticides, insecticides,
weedicides
• Radioactive
Chemicals:
Radon, infrared radiations
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22. What is Biological Pollution?
Disturbance of the ecological balance
An individual organism
A population (by genetic change)
23. Continued
A community
A habitat (by modification of physical-chemical conditions),
An ecosystem (by alteration of energy and organic material flow).
Bio pollution may also cause decline in naturalness of nature
conservation areas.
24. Biological
Agents
• Soil gets human, animal & bird
excreta
• Digested sewage sludge
• Heavy applications of manure to
soil
•Scale of Biologic Contaminant
Problem:
•Major cause of infant deaths in third
world
•Diarrhea kills 4-15 million
children/year
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26. What is Radiological & Nuclear pollution?
• Special form of physical pollution of air, water and soil with
radioactive materials.
• Radioactivity (Ra, Th, U, etc.) to spontaneously emit α, β, γ
rays
Sources :
• Nuclear explosions and detonations of nuclear weapons
• Defense weapon production
• Nuclear waste handling and disposal
27. Continued
• Mining –radioactive
gases like radon
• Nuclear accidents
• Medical X-Rays- from
diagnostic X-rays &
radiation therapy for
cancer.
• Nuclear reactors- U-235,
U-238, Th-232
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28. Effects of nuclear pollution !
• The effects vary from organism to organism
• Radioactivity of Nuclear Isotopes
• Radiations causes cancer
• Genetic defects
• Kills fetus in the womb
30. What is Noise
Pollution?
Unwanted or excessive
sound that can have
deleterious effects on
human health
Causes :
• Street traffic
• Construction Sites
• Industrial Sites
• Airports
• Train Stations
• Fireworks
