CA is a Weekly Abstracting Journal
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CA is a Weekly Abstracting Journal
- 1. CA is a Weekly Abstracting Journal TW1
- 2. CA in Forsyth Library TW2 • Chem Abstracts are located in the basement of Forsyth Library in the Index Area, which is located on the west side of the compact shelving.
- 3. Source of Abstracts, 1970 (CAS monitors nearly 12,000 publications) % of total No. of Source papers in CA Journals 85% from 2000 75% from 1212 50% from 340 30% from 250 (core journals) 25% from 50 TW5
- 4. Origin of Journal Abstracts, 1970 and 2005 Country U.S. 27.4% 23.2% U.S.S.R. 23.6% 3.1% Japan 7.2% 11.2% Germany (E. & W.) 6.5% 6.9% U.K. 6.2% 4.2% France 4.1% 3.4% China — 14.1% All Others 25.0% 33.9% 72.6% TW6
- 5. Language of Articles Abstracted 1966 and 2005 English 55% 83.2% Russian 21% 1.5% German 7% 1.3% French 5% 0.3% Japanese 3% 3.4% Chinese 0.5% 8.7% Other 8.5% 1.6% TW7
- 6. One Volume at Forsyth… TW8
- 7. … and its Indexes at Forsyth TW12
- 8. Each Abstract is Classified Into One of Eighty Sections TW13
- 9. Contents One Week… Biochemistry Sections 1. History, education and documentation…...62567 2. General Biochemistry................................ 62623 3. Enzymes....................................................62883 4. Hormones and Related Subjects................63078 5. Radiation Biochemistry..............................63325 6. Biochemical Methods.................................63419 7. Plant Biochemistry......................................63567 8. Microbial Biochemistry...............................63747 9. Nonmammalian Biochemistry.....................63981 10. Animal Nutrition..........................................64119 11. Mammalian Biochemistry...........................64235 12. Mammalian Pathological Biochemistry.......64528 13. Immunochemistry.......................................64771 14. Toxicology..................................................64854 15. Pharmacodynamics....................................64913 16. Fermentations............................................65339 17. Foods.........................................................65419 18. Plant-Growth Regulators............................65579 19. Pesticides...................................................65712 20. Fertilizers, Soils, and Plant Nutrition...........65897 TW14
- 10. Contents One Week… Organic Chemistry Sections 21. General Organic Chemistry..............................…..66013 22. Physical Organic Chemistry..............................….66026 23. Aliphatic Compounds................................………..66262 24. Alicyclic Compounds ............................................60434 25. Noncondensed Aromatic Compounds..............…..66499 26. Condensed Aromatic Compounds.........................66670 27. HeterocycIic Compounds (One Hetero Atom)…... 66714 28. Heterocyclic Compounds (More Than One Hetero Atom..............................................................….... 66849 29. Organometallic and Organometalloidal Compounds ...................................................................... .........67007 30. Terpenoids ..........................................………....…67117 31. Alkaloids ............................................................…67149 32. Steroids ..........................................................……67169 33. Carbohydrates........................................................67216 34. Synthesis of Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins..................................................................67230 TW15
- 11. …and Contents the next Week… • …include 12 sections of Macromolecular Chemistry… Macromolecular Chemistry Sections 35. Synthetic High Polymers.......…………………55900 36. Plastics Manufacture and Processing………..56110 37. Plastics Fabrication and Uses………………...56355 38. Elastomers, Including Natural Rubber……….56436 39. Textiles……………………………………….….56519 40. Dyes, Fluorescent Whitening Agents, and Photosensitizers…………………………………56664 41. Leather and Related Materials………………..56721 42. Coatings, Inks, and Related Products……….56740 43. Cellulose, Lignin, Paper, and Other Wood Products …………………………………………….…..…..56824 44. Industrial Carbohydrates………………………56944 45. Fats and Waxes………………………….……..56979 46. Surface-Active Agents and Detergents………57000 TW16
- 12. …and Contents the next Week… …18 sections are concerned with Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering… Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Sections 47. Apparatus and Plant Equipment…………………………………57029 48. Unit Operations and Processes………………………………….57078 49. Industrial Inorganic Chemicals…………………………………… 57245 50. Propellants and Explosives…………………………………. …...57344 51. Petroleum, Petroleum Derivatives, and Related Products…….57367 52. Coal and Coal Derivatives………………………………………..57519 53. Mineralogical and Geological Chemistry………………………..57556 54. Extractive Metallurgy………………………………………………57885 55. Ferrous Metals and Alloys………………………………………...57976 56. Nonferrous Metals and Alloys…………………………………….58227 57. Ceramics…………………..………………………………….…….58543 58. Cement and Concrete Products………………………………….58685 59. Air Pollution and Industrial Hygiene……………………………..58795 60. Sewage and Wastes………………………………………………58840 61. Water………………………………………………………………..58891 62. Essential Oils and Cosmetics…………………………………….58970 63. Pharmaceuticals……………………………………………………58996 TW17
- 13. …and Contents the next Week……and finally 16 sections are concerned with Physical and Analytical Chemistry Physical and Analytical Chemistry Sections 65. General Physical Chemistry…………………………………….59143 66. Surface Chemistry and Colloids……………………………..59440 67. Catalysis and Reaction Kinetics……………………………..59600 68. Phase Equilibriums, Chemical Equilibriums, and Solutions… 59691 69. Thermodynamics, Thermochemistry, and Thermal Properties……………………………………………………………..59892 70. Crystallization and Crystal Structure……………………..……59971 71. Electric Phenomena……………………………………..………60212 72. Magnetic Phenomena…………………………………………...60640 73. Spectra by Absorption, Emission, Reflection,or Magnetic Resonance, and Other Optical Properties…………………….60772 74. Radiation Chemistry, Photochemistry, and Photographic Processes………………………………………………..61272 75. Nuclear Phenomena………………………………………..61445 76. Nuclear Technology……………………………………………..61859 77. Electrochemistry………………………………………………….62085 78. Inorganic Chemicals and Reactions…………………………...62305 TW18
- 14. TW19
- 15. Abstracts • Often appear within a month of the date of publication of articles from major journals • May appear anywhere from the date of publication of an article to one year later • With the advent of online publishing, they may appear before the journal is printed (JBC PIP) … • …and can disappear before publication if a paper is withdrawn TW19b
- 16. A Typical Abstract: Title TW20 55913s Optimal control of polymerization reactors. Hicks, James; Mohan, Amar; Ray, Willis Harmon (Dep. Chem. Eng., Univ. Waterloo, Waterloo, Ont.). Can. J. Chem. Eng. 1969, 47(6), 590-7 (Eng). The optimal control policy for continuous stirred tank polymn. reactors and the optimal control program for batch polymn. reactors are discussed. The first problem concerns detg. the temp. and initiator control policy which brings the reactor to the desired steady state while minimizing some objective functional (e.g. start-up time, cost of control action, etc.). The second problem is concerned with finding the temp. and initiator program so that the product from the batch reactor has the best possible mol. wt. distribution. Both free-radical polymn. and linear condensation polymn. examples are considered with mol. wt. distribution moments being used to characterize the polymer. Kinetic parameters typical of styrene are used for the free radical case, and realistic parameters are chosen for the condensation examples. Some of the potential gains possible through supervisory computer control of polymn. reactors are demonstrated. RCHC
- 17. A Typical Abstract: Authors and Institution Affiliation 55913s Optimal control of polymerization reactors. Hicks, James; Mohan, Amar; Ray, Willis Harmon (Dep. Chem. Eng., Univ. Waterloo, Waterloo, Ont.). Can. J. Chem. Eng. 1969, 47(6), 590-7 (Eng). The optimal control policy for continuous stirred tank polymn. reactors and the optimal control program for batch polymn. reactors are discussed. The first problem concerns detg. the temp. and initiator control policy which brings the reactor to the desired steady state while minimizing some objective functional (e.g. start-up time, cost of control action, etc.). The second problem is concerned with finding the temp. and initiator program so that the product from the batch reactor has the best possible mol. wt. distribution. Both free-radical polymn. and linear condensation polymn. examples are considered with mol. wt. distribution moments being used to characterize the polymer. Kinetic parameters typical of styrene are used for the free radical case, and realistic parameters are chosen for the condensation examples. Some of the potential gains possible through supervisory computer control of polymn. reactors are demonstrated. RCHC TW21
- 18. A Typical Abstract: Complete Citation TW22 55913s Optimal control of polymerization reactors. Hicks, James; Mohan, Amar; Ray, Willis Harmon (Dep. Chem. Eng., Univ. Waterloo, Waterloo, Ont.). Can. J. Chem. Eng. 1969, 47(6), 590-7 (Eng). The optimal control policy for continuous stirred tank polymn. reactors and the optimal control program for batch polymn. reactors are discussed. The first problem concerns detg. the temp. and initiator control policy which brings the reactor to the desired steady state while minimizing some objective functional (e.g. start-up time, cost of control action, etc.). The second problem is concerned with finding the temp. and initiator program so that the product from the batch reactor has the best possible mol. wt. distribution. Both free-radical polymn. and linear condensation polymn. examples are considered with mol. wt. distribution moments being used to characterize the polymer. Kinetic parameters typical of styrene are used for the free radical case, and realistic parameters are chosen for the condensation examples. Some of the potential gains possible through supervisory computer control of polymn. reactors are demonstrated. RCHC
- 19. A Typical Abstract: Language TW23 55913s Optimal control of polymerization reactors. Hicks, James; Mohan, Amar; Ray, Willis Harmon (Dep. Chem. Eng., Univ. Waterloo, Waterloo, Ont.). Can. J. Chem. Eng. 1969, 47(6), 590-7 (Eng). The optimal control policy for continuous stirred tank polymn. reactors and the optimal control program for batch polymn. reactors are discussed. The first problem concerns detg. the temp. and initiator control policy which brings the reactor to the desired steady state while minimizing some objective functional (e.g. start-up time, cost of control action, etc.). The second problem is concerned with finding the temp. and initiator program so that the product from the batch reactor has the best possible mol. wt. distribution. Both free-radical polymn. and linear condensation polymn. examples are considered with mol. wt. distribution moments being used to characterize the polymer. Kinetic parameters typical of styrene are used for the free radical case, and realistic parameters are chosen for the condensation examples. Some of the potential gains possible through supervisory computer control of polymn. reactors are demonstrated. RCHC
- 20. A Typical Abstract: Abstracter TW24 55913s Optimal control of polymerization reactors. Hicks, James; Mohan, Amar; Ray, Willis Harmon (Dep. Chem. Eng., Univ. Waterloo, Waterloo, Ont.). Can. J. Chem. Eng. 1969, 47(6), 590-7 (Eng). The optimal control policy for continuous stirred tank polymn. reactors and the optimal control program for batch polymn. reactors are discussed. The first problem concerns detg. the temp. and initiator control policy which brings the reactor to the desired steady state while minimizing some objective functional (e.g. start-up time, cost of control action, etc.). The second problem is concerned with finding the temp. and initiator program so that the product from the batch reactor has the best possible mol. wt. distribution. Both free-radical polymn. and linear condensation polymn. examples are considered with mol. wt. distribution moments being used to characterize the polymer. Kinetic parameters typical of styrene are used for the free radical case, and realistic parameters are chosen for the condensation examples. Some of the potential gains possible through supervisory computer control of polymn. reactors are demonstrated. RCHC
- 21. A Typical Abstract: ID tag TW25 55913s Optimal control of polymerization reactors. Hicks, James; Mohan, Amar; Ray, Willis Harmon (Dep. Chem. Eng., Univ. Waterloo, Waterloo, Ont.). Can. J. Chem. Eng. 1969, 47(6), 590-7 (Eng). The optimal control policy for continuous stirred tank polymn. reactors and the optimal control program for batch polymn. reactors are discussed. The first problem concerns detg. the temp. and initiator control policy which brings the reactor to the desired steady state while minimizing some objective functional (e.g. start-up time, cost of control action, etc.). The second problem is concerned with finding the temp. and initiator program so that the product from the batch reactor has the best possible mol. wt. distribution. Both free-radical polymn. and linear condensation polymn. examples are considered with mol. wt. distribution moments being used to characterize the polymer. Kinetic parameters typical of styrene are used for the free radical case, and realistic parameters are chosen for the condensation examples. Some of the potential gains possible through supervisory computer control of polymn. reactors are demonstrated. RCHC
- 22. CAS Numbers First Appeared in 1972 670d Osmotic pressure and macromolecular conformation. Charmasson, Rene (Lab. Phys. Liq., Fac. Sci., Marseilles, Fr.). C.R. Acad. Sci. Ser. C 1971. 272(3). 256-7 (Fr). The thermodynamics of the N O CH2CH n I TW31 Van’t Hoff law of OSMOTIC PRESSURE variation with concn. was studied for dil. solns. of sucrose [57-50-1], dextran, and poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (I) [9003-39-8]. Due to solvent constraints, the solutes were changed from their preferential, unperturbed state causing a pressure shock which modified the mol. CONFIGURATION.
- 24. Abstracts Give Little Information… TW34 105898x Preparation and synthetic utility of ω-vinylperfluoro- alkanecarboxylates. Kim, Yung K.; Pierce, Ogden R. (Fluorine Res. Lab., Dow Corning Corp., Midland, Mich.). J. Org. Chem. 1969, 34(3), 602-5 (Eng). The addn. of ethylene to ethyl ω- bromoperfluoroalkanecarboxylates under free-radical conditions gave the desired 1: 1 adduct, BrCH2CH2 (CF2CF2)nCOO2Et, in good yield along with the 1 :2 adduct, Br(CH2CH2)2(CF2CF2),CO2Et, and a little of the higher telomers. Treatment of the I : 1 adduct with NaOEt resulted in the formation of Et ω- (vinyl)perfluoroalkanecarboxylates in high yield. Et 3- (vinyl)perfluoro-propionate was converted into 3- (vinyl)perfluoropropionitrile (I) via the corresponding amide. The synthetic approach leading to a fluorosilicone-triazine polymer, -[- SiMe(CH3)(CF3CH2CH2)CH2CH2CF2CF2 (CF3C3N3)-CF2CF2CH2CH2 (CF3CH2CH2)MeSiO-]-, (where CF3C3N3 is 6-trifluoromethyltriazine- 2,4-diol), by utilization of I is described.
- 25. …Papers Give Much More TW35
- 26. …Papers Give Much More TW36
- 27. Each Weekly Issue Contains: • Author Index • Numerical Patent Index • Patent Concordance • Keyword Index TW37
- 29. Author Index Allowing Explication Van Eck J 58833t Van Geldrop L M 60347f Vanheertum J J 59406t Van Hemert R L 59983d Van Huyssteen J J 60671g Vanin V S 60050d Van Itterbeek A 57510y TW37c
- 30. TW38
- 32. 45
- 34. Subject Index Abetinol. See Podocarpa-7,13-dien-15-ol, 13- isopropyl- Abietyl alcohol (abietinol). See Podocarpa-7,13-dien-15-ol, 13- isopropyl- _____, dehydro-. See Podocarpa-7,11,13-trien-15-ol, 13- isopropyl- _____, tetrahydro-. See Podocarpan-15-ol, 13α- isopropyl- Abietylamine, dehydro- acetate, quartz flotation by, adsorption and contact angles in relation to, 66:5968q reaction products with dialkyl and monoalkyl phosphates, gelation of, 66:P 38490k reaction product with ethylene oxide phosphoric acid, as lubricating oil for metal TW46b
- 35. Subject Index JAN-JUN 1967—SUBJECT INDEX Ferroceno[1,2]cyclohex-1-ene-3,6-dione ___, 3-phenyl-, 66:55568j Ferrocenecarbonyl Chloride poIymers, 66:11198j Ferrocenecarboxaldehyde 66:85846r chromatog. of 66:121854c polarography of, in aq. ethyl alc., 66:78889u ___,1’,2-dimethyI- nuclear magnetic resonance of, 66:104562p ___,1' ,3-dimethyl nuclear magnetic resonance of, 66:104562p TW47
- 36. TW48
- 37. TW49
- 38. TW50 Chemical Abstracts – Vol. 65 spectrum of, 65: 9943f Strontium nickel antimonate (V) NiSr3Sb2O4, crystal field theory and spectrum of, 65: 9851b Strontium nickel molybdate (VI) NiSr2MO6, crystal and magnetic structure and elec. and magnetic properties of, 65:4822c Strontium nickel niobate (V) NiSr3Nb2O6, crystal field theory and spectrum of, 65:9851b
- 39. TW51
- 40. TW52
- 41. TW53
- 42. TW54
- 43. TW55
- 44. TW56
- 45. Hill Indexing System (Modified) for Compounds Containing Carbon CARBON, HYDROGEN, THEN ALPHABETICALLY TW57
- 46. Formulas are Arranged Alphabetically Example I Al6Ca5O14 C2H5AlBr2 TW58a
- 47. Formulas are Arranged Alphabetically Example II CCl4 CH CHCl3 CO C2Ca TW58d
- 48. TW59 C2H2I2 Ethylene, 1,2-diiodo-, 63:5480f C2H2MgO6 See Magnesium carbonate C2H2MnO4 Manganese formate, 63:136f dihydrate, 63:6406b, 7750e C2H2N Amidogen, vinylidene-, 63:15753b Methyl, cyano-, 63:8174a C2H2N2 Acetonitrile, imino-, 63:1331d Methylene, aminocyano-, 63:1331d C2H2N2O Furazan, 63:2540f, 4120c, 9253c
- 49. TW60 C2H2I2 Ethylene, 1,2-diiodo-, 63:5480f C2H2MgO6 See Mangnesium carbonate C2H2MnO4 Manganese formate, 63:136f dihydrate, 63:6406b, 7750e C2H2N Amidogen, vinylidene-, 63:15753b Methyl, cyano-, 63:8174a C2H2N2 Acetonitrile, imino-, 63:1331d Methylene, aminocyano-, 63:1331d C2H2N2O Furazan, 63:2540f, 4120c, 9253c
- 50. TW62 C2H2O4 See Oxalic acid C2H2O4Rh Rhodium formate, 63:12668d hydrate, 63:13083c C2H2O4Sn Tin formate 63:2535ce, 9426d, P 10130a C2H2O4Zn Zinc formate, 63:P 3074a C2H2O4U Uranyl formate, 63:16761d C2H2T2 Ethylene-1,2-t2, 63:P 15714d
- 51. 70 10-Digit CAS Registry Numbers Coming in Mid-January 2008
- 52. TW71 Probably, 54 arises from fluoride ion trapping either the initial carbonium ion or one of the other intermediates that usually leads to 50 or 53. C2H5C NF2 CCH2CH3 NF2 NF C2H5C N F CCH2CH3 NF2 NF2 12 53 + C2H5C N F CCH2CH3 NF2 F 54 Both the 4-chloro- and 4-methoxylphenylfluorimines (13 and 14, respectively) gave small amounts of the
- 53. TW72 Registry Numbers in Article 14, 20122-80-9; 15, 20122-81-0; 16 26, 19955-15-8; 27, 20122-81-3; 28 29, 20122-85-5; 30, 20122-87-6; 31 32, 20122-89-8; 33, 20122-90-1; 34 37a, 20122-92-3; 37b, 20122-93-4 38 39, 20122-95-6; 45, 20122-96-7; 46 47, 20116-42-1; 53, 20116-43-2; 54 57, 20116-45-4; 58, 20116-46-5; 59 60, 20116-48-7; 66, 20116-49-8 67
- 54. TW73 20116-40-9 2,3-Butanediamine, 2-chloro-N,N,N’,N’- tetrafluoro- C4H7ClF4N2 20116-41-0 Benzimidoyl fluoride, N-[1,1- bis(difluoroamino)ethyl]-p-chloro- C9H7ClF5N3 20116-42-1 1,1-Ethanediamine, 1-[[1-difluoroamino)-1- fluoroethyl]azo]-N,N,N’,N’-tetrafluoro- C4H6F7N5 20116-43-2 Benzimidoyl fluoride, N-[1,1- bis(difluoroamino)propyl]- C10H10F5N3 20116-44-3 Benzimidoyl fluoride, N-[1-(difluoroamino)- 1-fluoropropyl]- C10H10F5N3 20116-45-4 Registry Numbers Index
- 55. TW74 Benzimidoyl chloride ——, N-benzoyl- [25250-38-8] promoters, for sodium hydride and sodium methoxide catalyts for polymn. of hexahydroazepinone, 81906r ——, N-(o-cyanophenyl)- [15437-26-0], 80908f ——, N-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)- [23695-48-9], 80908f ——, N-o-tolyl- [19053-49-7], 80908f Benzimidoyl fluoride ——, N-[1,1-bis(difluoroamino)ethyl]-p-chloro- [20116- 41-0], 70208p ——, N-[1,1-bis(difluoroamino)propyl]- [20116-43-2], 70208p ——, N-[1,1-(difluoroamino)-1-fluoropropyl] [20116-44-3], 70208p Benzimidoyl isothiocyanate ——, p-chloro-N-(p-chloorophenyl)-
- 56. TW75Convallaria keiskei and majalis and transcoucosica, chimononthine in leaves of, 98960b majalis glycosides of, detn. of photocolorimetry, 24756t photosynthesis by, ecological-physiol. features of, 12057a Convallatoxin [508-75-8] biol. activity of, 20612v in Convallaria, 89860b heart response to, hawthorn ext. effect on, 20667s Metabolism of, in intestines, 48170y
- 57. TW76 508-71-4 8α, 10ß-Ros-15-en-19-oic acis, 10- hydroxy-7-oxo-, γ-lactone C20H28O3 508-75-8 Convallatoxin C29H42O10 508-76-9 Corchoroside A C29H42O10 508-77-0 Cymarin C30H44O9 509-14-8 Methane, tetranitro- CN4O8 509-18-2 Delsoline C25H41NO7 509-36-4 ß-Colubrine C22H42N2O3
- 58. TW77 C29H42O9 Corchoroside [508-76-9], 73979b Corchoroside A [508-76-9], P 6530k Helveticoside [630-64-8], P 6530k, 48170y C29H42O9 Atisane-17,18-dioic acid, 15α -carboxy-13,16- epoxy-14,15-dihydroxy-13-isopropyl- trimethyl ester, 14-acetate, (-)- [25452-10-2], 22210m Convallatoxin [508-75-8], 20612v, 20667s, 48170y, 98960b
- 59. Molecules With More Than One Name OHH2N p-aminophenol p-hydroxyaniline TW95
- 60. TW96 C6H7NO Hydroxylamine, N-phenyl-, 86425k, 108349t Ketone, methyl pyrrol-2-yl, 99040f 6-Oxabicyclo(3,1,0)hexane-1-carbonitrile, 64123h Phenol, m-amino-, 14896s, 25432p, P44643z, 78769k, P82914w, 84760s, 94047d, 99815n, 102844d, 107890a compd. with boron chloride (BCl3) (3:1), 2831d ——, o-amino-, 9925w, 14896s, 62249e, 62695x, compd. with boron chloride (BCl3) (3:1), 2831d polymer with (propylphosphinidene)dimethanol, 117415p ——, p-amino-, See Subject Index compd. with boron chloride (BCl3) (3:1), 2831d
- 61. TW97 Aniline, N-(2-ethyl-2,3-butadienyl)- ——, 2-(hexadecyloxy)-5-(methylsulfonyl P 109643w ——, hexahydro-, See Cyclohexylamine ——, p-(hexylthio)-, 67:43495r ——, ar-hydroxy-, See Phenol, amino- ——, N-hydroxy-, See Hydroxylamine, N ——, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-. See Ethanol, lino- ——, 4,4’-imidocarbonylbis N,N-dimethy
- 62. TW98 Phenol, p-allyl- metabolism of, by liver, diethylaminoethyl diphenylpropylacetic acid effect on, 67:62695x polymer with (propylphosphinidene)dimethanol, prepn. and properties of, 67: 117415p reaction of, with 2,2-dihydroxy-1,3-indandione, mechanism of, 67:107890a ——, p-amino- as p-acetamidophenol and phenacetin metabolit in urine, primary substance detn. in
- 63. TW100 Aniline, N-hexadecyl ——, N-hexadienyl-, See Hexadienylamine, N-phenyl- ——, hexahydro-, See Cyclohexylamine ——, N-hexatrienyl-, See Hexatrienylamine, N-phenyl- ——, N-hexyl-, See Hexylamine, N-phenyl- ——, ar-hydroxy-, See Phenol, amino- ——, N-hydroxy-, See Hydroxylamine, N-phenyl- ——, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-, See Ethanol, 2-anili-
- 64. Functions by Class Name in Descending Order of Precedence isocyanides aldehydes ketones thiones alcohols phenols thiols hydroperoxides Group V oxides, sulfides, selenides, tellurides, imides amines phosphines phosphoranes remaining trivalent Group V hydrides TW102
- 65. Ring System Usage Number of rings = 2 Size of rings = 4,5 Elemental analysis of rings = C3N-C4O N O CO2H TWnew
- 67. Indexes in Volumes 1st -4th Author, Subject 5th Author, Subject, Numerical Patent, Formula 6th Author, Subject (incl. Ring), Numerical Patent, Formula 7th Author, Subject (incl. Ring), Numerical Patent, Formula, Patent Concordance 8th Author, Subject, Numerical Patent, Formula-Ring, Patent Concordance, Registry Handbook, Index Guide 9th Author, Subject, Numerical Patent, Formula-Ring, Patent Concordance, Chemical Substance Index, Registry Handbook, Index Guide and Index Guide Supplements TW103
- 68. Indices 1907 Author Index 1907 Subject Index 1916 Index of Ring Systems 1920 Formula Index 1935 Numerical Patent Index 1963 Patent Concordance 1968 Index Guide General Subject Index Chemical Substance Index Combined 1981 – – Patent Index TW
- 69. Collective Indices 10 Year Collective 5 Year Collective (1907-1956) (1957-1976) 1st 1907-1916 4v. 6th 1957-1961 15v. 2nd 1917-19265v. 7th 1962-1966 24v. 3rd 1927-19365v. 8th 1967-1971 34v. 4th 1937-1946 6v. 9th 1972-1976 62±1v. 5th 1947-1956 14v. 14th 1997-2001 431,642 pages (9th had 95,882 pages) The week of July 30, 2007 established a new record of 24,623 records added TW104
Editor's Notes
- Chemical Abstracts, which began publication in 1907, is an abstracting journal published weekly by the American Chemical Society. The primary objective of this journal is to report all the new chemistry published throughout the world in periodicals, patents, government publications, dissertations, and so forth. The abstracts are brief summaries or digests of the most significant new items in those publications. It is safe to say that Chemical Abstracts is an almost indispensable means for following current advances in chemistry. The purpose of this program is to acquaint students with the nature and use of Chemical Abstracts, including its numerous indexes, so that they will be able to use this invaluable reference work efficiently.
- Bound volumes of Chemical Abstracts can be found in most chemical libraries, as well as in the reference section of large general purpose libraries. The large number of volumes reflects the enormous growth in the total number of abstracts which have appeared in the years since 1907.
- To obtain these abstracts, the Chemical Abstracts Service monitors nearly 12,000 periodicals published in over 100 countries in more than 50 languages. The bulk of the abstracts, however, are derived from a much smaller number of journals than this. For example, papers suitable for abstracting were found in only 8,500 journals during 1970. Of these, approximately 85 percent of the nonpatent abstracts were derived from only 2,000 journals. Some 250 “core journals,” all of whose papers are abstracted, produce about 30 percent of the papers abstracted in Chemical Abstracts.
- Although Chemical Abstracts is published in the United States, its coverage is worldwide. About 70 percent of the abstracts are of patents and papers published in countries other than the U.S.
- While the majority of the articles abstracted are written in English, there is an increasing number in other languages, primarily Russian, German, French, and Japanese. However, the proportion of articles published in English has increased significantly since the early 1960's, when slightly more than 43 percent of the papers abstracted were published in English and only 39 percent of the total originated in English-speaking countries. By 1970 the percentage of papers published in English had risen to 56 percent, with the proportion of papers originating in English-speaking countries remaining about the same.
- The weekly issues of Chemical Abstracts constitute part of a volume of Chemical Abstracts. At this particular time, the January-to-June issues are defined as one volume Figure 8, for example, shows the bound issues which appeared from January to June, 1962, and which constitute Volume 56. We should point out that the bindings shown here represent those of one particular library. The color of the bindings, as well as special labels affixed to the spines of the books, will vary from library to library. July to December would constitute the next volume.
- Although there is only a single volume number for each of the years 1960 and 1961, the Subject and the Formula Indexes had become so extensive that each was bound in two parts. Here, for example, we see the indexes for the volume published in 1967. Note that there are two sets of Subject Indexes covering the July to December issues. The Author and Formula Indexes, however, are not split in this way but cover the entire period from July to December.
- Every abstract is classified into one of 80 subject sections. In Figure 13 we see some of the abstracts in four of these sections: Fermentations, Nonmammalian Biochemistry, Physical Organic Chemistry, and Noncondensed Aromatic Compounds.
- The table of contents found on the first page of each weekly issue provides the names of the subject sections included in that particular issue. Any one weekly issue does not cover all 80 sections. In this particular issue, for example, the table of contents consists of 20 sections concerned with Biochemistry.
- and 14 sections concerned with Organic Chemistry.
- The next weekly issue covers the remaining 46 sections. In the example shown, the first 12 sections are concerned with Macromolecular Chemistry;
- The present organization of 80 sections has existed since 1967. In previous years smaller numbers of sections were used, and each issue covered all sections. Here we see the Table of Contents page from a 1966 issue which covered 74 sections. It must be pointed out that information important to your research may appear in any of the sections. Therefore, a familiarity with, and use of, the indexes to Chemical Abstracts will help ensure that all abstracts of interest are located.
- Also, keep in mind that the abstracts may appear anywhere from the date of publication of the article or patent to a year later, depending upon availability and acquisition difficulties. Articles from the major journals are often abstracted within a month of publication. To maintain a more current awareness than is available from consulting Chemical Abstracts, we suggest you acquaint yourself with the publications and services designed for this purpose. A discussion of these is beyond the scope of this lecture.
- Figure 20 shows a typical abstract of a journal article, the title of which is highlighted.
- Following the title are the names of the authors and their institutional affiliation.
- Next comes the abbreviation of the journal name followed by the year, volume number, issue number, and page reference.
- The language of the article is also indicated.
- At the end of the abstract the initials or complete name of the abstractor is often included.
- The number in the upper left-hand corner of the abstract is the abstract number, which would also be found in the indexes; it serves to identify the location of the abstract. This particular abstract is typical of the great majority of the abstracts in that it is "informative," that is, it relates to the contents of the article. In general, informative abstracts will discuss the purpose and scope of the articles, new reactions, compounds, procedures, and theories, as well as the author's interpretation of the results.
- In 1972 the composition and printing of 17 sections of Chemical Abstracts became computerized, resulting in a slightly different appearance of the abstracts. With this computerization came the incorporation of a new kind of information not included before 1972-called the Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Numbers. These are identification numbers assigned to every compound mentioned in the abstract. We shall discuss later the purpose and use of these registry numbers. You will also note in the abstract shown that chemical names are in italics, while significant words are in capitals. The use of highlighted textual words is intended to increase the "scanability" of the text.
- In addition to informative abstracts, Chemical Abstracts also publishes indicative abstracts, some examples of which are shown in Figure 32. Each of these abstracts contains a few sentences summarizing such literature as comprehensive reviews, publications of books, biographies, obituaries of well-known chemists, and articles on chemical education and the history of chemistry.
- We cannot emphasize too strongly that the abstracts should only be relied upon to obtain preliminary information regarding a chemical problem. The abstract shown in Figure 34, for example, does not include many details about the synthetic procedures discussed in the article. The use of the abstract information alone, therefore, could result in a serious injury or loss of time.
- On the other hand, an examination of the original article provides the chemist with a wealth of discussion material.
- The experimental section of the article provides the experimental detail which would allow one to proceed with the actual synthesis of the compounds discussed.
- Each weekly issue of the Abstracts contains an Author Index, a Numerical Patent Index, a Patent Concordance, and a Keyword Index.
- The Author Index, an extract of which is shown here, provides a listing of all of the authors and co-authors of articles, as well as the inventors and assignees of patents, that have been abstracted.
- To the right of the name in each column we see the numbers of the abstracts associated with the names that appear in this particular issue. The location of an abstract is straightforward. For example, to the right of the name: "Vanheertum J J," is given the number "59406T," which is the abstract number. To locate this abstract, you should look on the page on which the abstract numbers in this range appear.
- Figure 38 shows part of the appropriate page in this issue. The approximate magnitude of the abstract numbers is provided in the upper right-hand corner of the page. The second abstract in this column reveals that Vanheertum was one of the inventors associated with a Belgian patent. The Author Index does not give the page number on which the abstract appears, except in early issues of Chemical Abstracts. We will discuss later the changes in the procedure for locating abstracts over the years.
- Unlike the author and patent indexes, a comprehensive Subject Index to issues of Chemical Abstracts appears only at the end of each semi-annual volume. Included at the end of each weekly issue, however, is a keyword Subject Index. The index provides a quick entry to each abstract regardless of the section in which that abstract appears. The keyword entries are derived from the title, text, and/or context of the abstract.
- Thus far we have discussed the indexes that accompany each issue. Each semi-annual volume of Chemical Abstracts concludes with separate comprehensive indexes which provide information about all abstracts and patents contained in that volume. These include not only Author and Patent Indexes and a Patent Concordance, but also Subject and Molecular Formula Indexes. More recent volumes also include an Index to Ring Systems, the Hetero-Atom-In-Context Index, the Registry of Organic Compounds, and the Index Guide. No separate comprehensive Keyword Index is published, but the Subject Index serves a similar purpose.
- Figure 46a shows a typical page in a Subject Index. The Index includes a variety of words involving processes, types of reactions, subjects and properties of general interest, as well as chemical compounds and their derivatives.
- Prior to 1968, the Subject Index also included italicized cross- references that indicated alternate topics or names under which the compound or subject might be located. The cross-reference feature is now found in a separate volume known as the Index Guide, which we will discuss later.
- Figure 47 shows some Subject Index entries for a compound and its derivatives. You will note that the compound name-in this example, "ferrocenecarboxaldehyde"-is first followed by references to the compound itself, then by references to derivatives of the compound. In the case of derivatives, the compound name is not repeated, but simply represented by a dash. The first derivative is 1',2-dimethyl-ferrocenecarboxaldehyde, and reference is made to information about its nuclear magnetic resonance. The information is located in Volume 66, indicated in boldface type, in abstract number 104562p.
- It is important to note that no reference to this particular compound is found in the abstract itself. The abstract merely states that approximately 50 isomeric derivatives of the compounds mentioned in the abstract were studied by NMR. To locate the NMR spectrum of the compound referenced in the Subject Index, one has to consult the original article.
- You will recall that the abstract number ends with a letter, the significance of which will be described later. In addition, the abstract number is sometimes prefixed by a capitalized letter. The capital letter "P" preceding an abstract number indicates that the abstract is of a patent. When the abstract number is preceded by the letter "R," the original is a review, and when preceded by the letter "B," the original is a book.
- Figure 50 shows an entry in a Subject Index published in 1966. The abstract number system was not used until 1967, so in this abstract the index references refer to the column number. The letter that follows the column number refers to the approximate column position at which the abstract is found. Thus, in this example, the information is found in Volume 65, in column 9851 at position "b."
- On the page on which the abstract is located you will note that each of the two columns is headed by a column number. The index indicated that the abstract was found in column number 9851. In the central space between the two columns, the letters "a" through "h" divide the column length into eight portions. The abstract for which we are looking begins in the "b" section. This method of locating abstracts was used from 1947 to 1966.
- Figure 52 shows the manner in which abstract locations were indexed from 1934 to 1946. In this example, the reference to paraldehyde is column 2182 The column position, however, is now indicated by the superscript number “2”. The page on which this abstract is located is shown in Figure 53.
- Note that the abstract begins at the end of column position “2” and before column position “3”, thus accounting for the use of the superscript “2”. Superscript numbers ranged from 1 through 9. The superscript notation to designate column position was also used from 1916 to 1933, as indicated in the excerpt shown in the next figure.
- The number "59”, however, now refers to the page on which the abstract is found.
- As can be seen in Figure 55, the two-column format was not used during these years. In addition, the numbers corresponding to the index superscripts were not printed on the pages containing the abstracts. The position of the abstract on the page, therefore, has to be estimated from the magnitude of the superscript. In the years 1907 to 1915, entries in the Subject Index also referred to page numbers of the abstracts. No special notation, however, was used to designate page position.
- Figure 56 shows the title page from a Formula Index. Since the molecular formula of a chemical compound is a universally accepted invariant, the Formula Index to Chemical Abstracts often provides the quickest reference to a specific compound. The Subject Index may be a less reliable index since some knowledge of nomenclature rules and indexing may be required to locate the name under which the compound is indexed. Nevertheless, the Formula Indexes should be used with caution, since your inability to find a compound may reflect either an incorrect formula assignment or a misunderstanding of the order in which the formulas would be indexed.
- Chemical Abstracts Formula Indexes use a modified form of the Hill Indexing System. The system is essentially alphabetical except for those formulas containing carbon and hydrogen. In the latter case, carbon comes first, followed by hydrogen. Then the other elements follow alphabetically.
- The ordering of elements within a formula is relatively straightforward. For example, in the top compound aluminum is placed first followed by calcium and oxygen. The second compound, C2H5AlBr2, contains carbon and is therefore indexed under that element. Note that, as we mentioned, hydrogen is placed after carbon with the other elements following in alphabetical order.
- The relative sequence of formulas of carbon-containing compounds is also strictly alphabetical. However, because carbon and hydrogen appear first in such formulas special care must be taken in searching for carbon compounds. Note, for example, that in the formula CHCl3, chlorine follows hydrogen in accordance with the Hill system. However, the compound CCl4 is indexed before CH and CHCl3 because Cl appears before H in the alphabetical sequence.
- Several entries from a Formula Index are shown in Figure 59. Beneath each formula are found the names of the compounds as given in the Subject Index. In this example, under the formula C2H2N are found references to two different compounds having this formula
- Several entries from a Formula Index are shown in Figure 59. Beneath each formula are found the names of the compounds as given in the Subject Index. In this example, under the formula C2H2N are found references to two different compounds having this formula
- Let us next consider the case of organic acids. The salts of simple organic acids, such as carbonic, formic, acetic, and oxalic, are found under the formula of the salts. For example, in Figure 62 we see that the rhodium, tin, zinc, and uranyl salts of formic acid are indexed in this manner.
- The Registry Number Index is a new index which was first published with Volume 71 in 1969. All compounds are assigned an identifying or registry number by the Chemical Abstracts Service. A registry number bears no relationship to the composition or to the molecular structure of a chemical substance. Rather, the numbers are assigned in sequential order as substances are entered for the first time into the Chemical Registry System. Many original papers now include the registry numbers of all compounds discussed.
- Let us illustrate the use of the Registry Number index. Figure 71 shows an excerpt of an article from the Journal of Organic Chemistry in which the reactions of a-difluoramino-fluorimines are discussed. Suppose you were interested in locating the name of the compound indicated by the author as number 53.
- At the end of the article is provided a list of the registry numbers of all the compounds. Compound 53 is given a registry number of 20116-43-2. To determine the name of the compound, you would then consult the Registry Number Index under this number.
- Below the registry number is given the name of the compound and its molecular formula. If you were interested in locating the Chemical Abstracts reference to this article, you would consult the Subject Index under the name.
- The Subject Index entries for names of compounds now contain an additional piece of information, namely the registry number, contained in brackets. For the compound in question a reference will be found in abstract number 70208p.
- The Registry Number Index can serve another purpose. The registry number that accompanies the name of a compound in the Subject Index can be used to obtain the molecular formula of the compound.
- The molecular formula is provided under the registry number of the compound.
- The registry numbers are not only found associated with compounds indexed in the Subject Index, but are also found in the Formula Index following the name of each substance having a particular formula
- For example, the compound shown in Figure 95 is a bifunctional compound and could be named as a derivative of benzene, aniline, or phenol. Two reasonable names are shown in the figure. In a journal article, the author's choice of a name is often based on a consideration of an entire series of compounds in his papers, and not on a single member of the series. The name that he uses may or may not correspond to the name used by Chemical Abstracts in indexing it. If the structure or formula is known, a good approach to locating references for a compound such as this one is to use the Formula Index.
- The correctly indexed name is provided under the formula with a number of abstract references. You will note that no reference is made to an aniline derivative. Also, you should check the Subject Index under the correct name to locate additional references that might not be included in the Formula Index. Generally, however, the references are identical in both indexes.
- If, on the other hand, you were given only the name of the compound, as for example "para-hydroxyaniline," you would consult the Subject Index under the name "Aniline." Under the index entries to a long series of aniline derivatives you would find a reference to "aryl-hydroxyaniline" with the note "see Phenol, amino." This indicates that such aniline compounds are indexed as derivatives of phenol.
- Figure 98 shows some of the Subject Index entries for phenol derivatives. Under "para-aminophenol" are found a large number of abstract references. It is important to note that the number of abstract references found in the Subject Index, not all of which are shown in this figure, greatly exceeds those found in the Formula Index. However, all of the Formula Index references are included in the Subject Index. The correct name in this example was located because the Subject Index provided a cross-reference from a common name to the indexed name. If you examine a Subject Index that has appeared since 1968, however, you will find no reference at all to hydroxyaniline compounds.
- Figure 100 shows how the indexed name is located in the Index Guide. Again, you will note that under "aryl-hydroxyaniline" compounds, you are referred to "aminophenols." The Index Guide provides no references at all under the correctly indexed name. Therefore, having determined the correct name for the compound, you must then use the Subject Index.
- In the section concerning the indexing priority of poly-functional compounds, a tabular summary indicates that the amine function has a lower priority than phenol. The bi-functional compound we have been discussing should therefore be indexed as a derivative of phenol. A study of this general discussion of the Subject Index is recommended, since it contains further useful information to the chemist.