This document describes a research project on corn production systems in Cagayan Valley, Philippines. The project aimed to gather information on production systems by agro-ecological zone, identify constraints and solutions, determine technology utilization and communication networks. Key findings include identification of major corn varieties, fertilizers, and diseases by zone. A compendium of pests and diseases was produced. The agricultural information system and most used information sources of Bt corn growers were also analyzed.

1. CORN PRODUCTION SYSTEM IN
CAGAYAN VALLEY FOR FOOD SECURITY
AND RURAL DEVELOPMET
Fredisminda M. Dolojan
Quirino State Universiy

2. I. INTRODUCTION: Project Details
Project title
Corn Production System in Cagayan Valley for Food Security and Rural
Development
Lead HEI
Quirino State University
Partner HEI
Isabela State University
Nueva Vizcaya State Univerity
Cagayan State University
Official Start Date
February 2018
Duration of the Project
2 years and with
approved Extension
Total Approved Amount
10 Million
Total amount utilized:
Php 8,949,608.95
Major Platform Food Production, Security and Health System
Discipline
Social, Behavioral Science, Agriculture, Mass Communication &
Documentation
Sustainable Development SDG 5- Achieve Gender Equality & Empower All women & Girls
SDG 12- Ensure Sustainable Consumption and Production Pattern

3. I. INTRODUCTION: Rationale
❖ In recent years, Cagayan Valley has claimed to be the leading producer of corn and has
already managed to be self-sufficient in that crop. However, it was not clear whether total
corn production was only due to the adoption of Bt corn or an increase in traditional
varieties production.
❖Documented in-depth study on the adoption of Bt corn in Cagayan valley has not been done
yet. Despite the wide adoption of Bt corn, studies on corn agro-ecological regions, corn
trends and constraints including socio-economic impact of Bt corn production is still limited.
What is the average yield of corn in the region from the different agro-ecological zones?
What are their production constraints?

4. I. INTRODUCTION: Rationale
❖ What is the extent of Bt corn technology adoption? What are the determinants of adopting
the technology? What hinders them from adopting the technology? What are the common
pests and diseases of corn in the region?
❖ Bt corn growing is an important agricultural undertaking in Cagayan Valley that necessitates
a well established information system so that the delivery of information on recommended
farming practices to maximize production is made better. What is the communication flow
and network established among the actors in the Bt Corn production? Were there be no
more children suffering from malnutrition due to the improved buying power of corn
growers due to their adoption of the technology?
❖Recent technologies on corn are at the fingertips of farmers but are they adopting all of
these?

5. I. INTRODUCTION: Executive Summary
❖ Region 2 is known to have reached its corn production sufficiency. The project
team endeavoured to contribute in the sustainability of this condition. The
project had helped 500 corn farmers in the region reduced their production cost
by up to 10%.
❖ Farmer cooperators were able to manage the prolonged drought by providing
furrow irrigation to their corn farms. They were able to attain a good yield
despite the climate condition they have experienced.
❖ Women especially those who belong to the indigenous groups were given
opportunity to join the project as corn grower cooperators.

6. I. INTRODUCTION: Executive Summary
● The research on communication network analysis among Bt corn growers focused on the
identification of the most common information sources, usefulness of information and frequency
of consultations that determined the total information score of the sources of information. The
total information score provided the strength of information exchange among the corn growers
and the sources of information.
● A key element in increasing agricultural production is through the information system. This system
is a mechanism for farmers to obtain the necessary information they need to make decisions on
their farming activities. This study provide recommendations to enhancing the information system,
the central hub where farmers may access timely and pertinent information and communicate
issues and information needs. This will gradually increase productivity, enhancing the valley's Bt
corn production.

7. I. INTRODUCTION: Executive Summary
● The compendium on corn Pests and diseases is an output of the monitoring done on the
different pests and diseases affecting corn farms in Cagayan Valley. There are 22 corn diseases
observed and verified as caused by fungi. Commonly observed fungal diseases of corn in the
region for both dry and wet season of corn planting include eyespot, banded leaf, sheath blight ,
southern corn leaf blight and Southern rust.
Eyespot Banded leaf Sheath blight Southern corn leaf blight Southern rust

8. I. INTRODUCTION: Executive Summary
● For bacterial infection, there are 3 corn diseases commonly observed in the field, these are leaf
blight, leaf stripe and Bacterial leaf streak.
Leaf Blight Leaf Stripe

9. I. INTRODUCTION: Executive Summary
● For viral infection , 3 common corn virus were observed, necrosis , dwarf mosaic and streak virus
Maize Lethal Necrosis Disease Maize Dwarf Mosaic Virus

10. I. INTRODUCTION: Executive Summary
● For pests, there are 5 common pests observed in corn field , these are corn leaf aphids, spider
mites, corn leaf hopper, ear worm and fall army worm.
Corn leaf aphids corn leaf hopper
fall armyworm
Spider mites

11. I. INTRODUCTION: Executive Summary
● The study affecting food security of children from corn farming
households in cagayan Valley, revealed that educational attainment of
father,occupation of both parents and type of corn grown are significant
factors of food security of children from corn growing farming
households. The result of analysis on the food security of children from
this study provides a useful baseline information for future interventions
towards the fight against poverty, hunger and malnutrition.

12. Name Role Sex Education Attainment Expertise HEI
Dr. Fredisminda M.
Dolojan
Program
Leader
F PhD Rural
Development/
Plant
Pathology
Quirino Sate
University
Dr. Artemio Martin Project
Leader
M PhD Soil Science Isabela State
University
Dr. Cecilia Delos Trinos Project
Leader
F PhD Development
Communication
Nueva Vizcaya
State University
Dr. Elizabeth T. Carig Study Leader F PhD Social Forestry Quirino Sate
University
Enr. Rey C. Naval Study Leader M MS Agricultural
Engineering
Quirino Sate
University
I. INTRODUCTION: Project Team Composition

13. Name Role Sex
Education
Attainment
Expertise HEI
Dr. Rosecelle O. Burbos Study Leader F PhD Soil Science Quirino State University
Dr. Arlyn J. Yra Study Leader F PhD Nutrition Science Quirino State University
Mr. German P. Umhaw Study Leader M MS Crop Science Quirino State University
Ms. Marissa H. Valdez Study Leader F MS
Communication
Management
Isabela State University
Ms. Lahaina Sue G. Azarcon Study Leader F MS Women Studies Quirino State University
Ms. Mylavi H. Bernardino Project Staff F BS
Mass
Communication
Quirino State University
Mr. Rico Martin Dumale Project Staff M MS
Development
Communication
Isabela State University
Ms. Joyce Guillermo Project Staff F BS
Mass
Quirino State University
I. INTRODUCTION: Project Team Composition

14. II. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
Main Objective:
OBJECTIVE/S STATED IN
RESEARCH PROTOCOL
ACTIVITIES DELIVERABLE/ OUTPUT/
OUTCOME
(Identify PER objective)
Status
(Pending/Accomplished)
OBJECTIVE 1
Gather information on the
different production system of
Cagayan Valley by agro-
ecological zones
ACTIVITY 1
Survey on the classification of
corn production environment
948 Plain
331 Rolling to hilly
Total 1279 corn farmers
100% completed
ACTIVITY 2
Face to face interview on
Production system in terms
land preparation, Planting, corn
varieties planted, fertilizer mgt
and pest mgt
1,279 corn farmers
interviewed
100%
ACTIVITY 3
Soil fertility assessment of Bt
corn growing areas
21 Bt corn growing areas 100%

15. II. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
Main Objective:
OBJECTIVE/S STATED IN
RESEARCH PROTOCOL
ACTIVITIES DELIVERABLE/ OUTPUT/
OUTCOME
(Identify PER objective)
Status
(Pending/Accomplished)
Objective No. 2
Objective 2: To identify corn
production constraints
develop potential solutions
Identification of corn production
constraints through conduct of
survey and FGDs
Introduction of Interventions
as component of the POT
on Bt corn production
20 demo sites established
100%
Objective No. 3 : To Determine
the extent of the utilization of
the production technology
and the communication flow
and network established
among the actors in the Bt
Corn production

16. II. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
Main Objective:
OBJECTIVE/S STATED IN
RESEARCH PROTOCOL
ACTIVITIES DELIVERABLE/ OUTPUT/
OUTCOME
(Identify PER objective)
Status
(Pending/Accomplished)
Corn Demo farm
establishment
20 Demo sites established 100%
Field days 5 Field Days 50%
Objective No. 3 : To
Determine the extent of the
utilization of the production
technology and the
communication flow and
network established among
the actors in the Bt Corn
production
Assess the strength of
information contact
between the various
sources and the Bt corn
growers as the utilizers of
the information, and the
usefulness of information.
FGD/ Face to face interview
Listing of information
system and sources
for corn production
such as personal ,
public, mass media
100% accomplished

17. II. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
Main Objective:
OBJECTIVE/S STATED IN
RESEARCH PROTOCOL
ACTIVITIES DELIVERABLE/ OUTPUT/
OUTCOME
(Identify PER objective)
Status
(Pending/Accomplished)
Objective No. 4 : To
prepare compendium of
corn pests and diseases
in Cagayan Valley
Survey on the presence of
corn pests and diseases in
Cagayan valley
Compendium of Pests
and Diseases of Corn
in Cagayan Valley
100%
Objective No. 5 : To
identify determinants
of nutritional status and
dietary diversity among
children of corn farmers
in Cagayan Valley
Identification of factors
affecting food security of
children from corn farming
households in Cagayan
Valley
Identified predictors of
household food
security
100%

18. III. METHODOLOGY
RESEARCH AREA/ PROFILE
Quirino Province - Diffun, Cabarroguis, Aglipay, Maddela & Nagtipunan
Nueva Vizcaya - Bagabag, Diadi & Quezon
Isabela - Angadanan, Cauayan, Echague, Jones, Ilagan, Naduillian, San Mariano & Tumauini
BENEFICIARIES/ PARTICIPANTS
Who: 500 corn farmers and 10 corn farmer cooperators for the demonstration sites
What: hybrid corn seeds for half hectare of corn land for the 500 farmers
One ha for the 10 demonstration site established ( fully supported financially and with technical
assistance)
DESIGN/ TOOL AND ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK
*Soil Sampling for Fertility Evaluation
*Analytical Procedures
*Statistical Analysis
*Partial Budget Analysis

19. IV. EXTENSION/ DISSEMINATION
ACTIVITY PARTICIPANTS/ BENEFICIARIES
Survey on corn farm land and farm owner 1,279 corn farmers
Soil analysis and fertility evaluation 21 Bt corn areas
Corn farm demonstration establishment 10 sites
Anthropometric survey 408 children
Assessment on the Information System of Bt
corn growers
54 barangays
Face -to- face interview 10 MAOs & 10 corn farmer champions

20. V. IMPLEMENTATION STATUS
Notable Accomplishment
*1,279 corn farmers surveyed pertaining to their socio -economic demographic profile
* 500 corn farmers were technically and financially supported
*20 demonstration sites with 10 corn farmer cooperators fully financially-supported and technically-
assisted
* purchased 4 laptops, 1 drone camera & 1 smart TV
*7 studies were published in Scopus-indexed and Clarivate Analytics Journals. 5 more studies have been
submitted and are awaiting publication
Project Limitations
*Research samples are strategically and randomly selected to represent the corn farmers of Cagayan Valley
* Geographical locations of corn farming sites
* Project Termination period was affected by locked down declaration due to COVID Pandemic

21. V. IMPLEMENTATION STATUS
Problems Encountered Actions Taken
Key Challenges Actions Taken
Slow procurement process -Meeting with the concerned officials
- Bidding of project requests treated separately
Transportation /Mobility Concerns -Designation of driver and provision of vehicle for the
Project Team
- Van hire in some cases were done
Expected output of a Participatory Research was
hardly met
Selection of farmer Cooperators were done properly
Prolonged drought was experienced; hence, demo
farms were affected
- Water Pump was lent to the farmer cooperators

22. V. IMPLEMENTATION STATUS
Problems Encountered Actions Taken
Key Challenges Actions Taken
Delayed release of the Second Tranche fund Constant follow-ups were done
Project implementation period was affected with the
onset of Covid-19 Pandemic
Paradigm shift with the nature of monitoring with
farmer cooperators
Field days were cancelled. Only 5 field days were done
3 from Quirino Province and 1 for both Cagayan &
Nueva Vizcaya Province
Lab test and workshops especially in the preparation
of terminal reports were not completed due to the
lockdown
Online follow-ups on the submission of respective
output of the researcher concerned were done which
were overtaken by the lockdown

23. V. IMPLEMENTATION STATUS
Problems Encountered Actions Taken
Key Challenges Actions Taken
Preparation of Financial Report was affected
due to the “work from home” scheme
-Rendition of overtime work
- Hiring of Contract of Service staff was done to
help finish the report

24. VI. FINDINGS OF THE STUDY
Socio-demographic Profile of Corn Farmers
Of the 1,279 farmers interviewed
□Majority are male (63.96%), married (89.68%) and Ilocano (80.22%).
□The mean age is 48.54 years old.
□Most of them are high school graduate (30.49%).

25. VI. FINDINGS OF THE STUDY
Income and Membership to Organizations
Of the 1,279 farmers interviewed
□Farming is their major source of income (78.58%).
□Majority of them has income PhP9,999 and below (66.22%).
□Only more than a quarter of them are members to organizations (27.83).

26. VI. FINDINGS OF THE STUDY
Farm Characteristics
Of the 1,279 farmers interviewed
□Most of them has 1.00 to 1.99 hectare of land (42.06%).
□They owned the land they till (65.75%).

27. VI. FINDINGS OF THE STUDY
Objective 1: Gather information on the different production system of Cagayan Valley by agro-
ecological zones
Province Plain Rolling to Hilly Total
Cagayan 293 0 293
Isabela 420 37 457
Nueva Vizcaya 198 71 269
Quirino 37 223 260
TOTAL 948 331 1279

28. Source of Seeds PERCENTAGE RANK
Syngenta 33.31 1
Pioneer 29.79 2
Supreme 13.60 3
Bioseed 6.57 4
Evogene 6.02 5
Cornworld 4.77 6
OPV 4.38 7
Table 2. Corn varieties grown in the surveyed barangays, Region 2

29. Fertilizer Fertilizer Grade Percentage Rank
Urea 46-0-0 84.30 1
Ammonium phosphate 16-20-0 68.70 2
Complete fertilizer 14-14-14 51.30 3
Ammonium sulfate 21-0-0 18.90 4
Muriate of potash 0-0-60 16.00 5
Foliar Fertilizer -- 1.20 6
Table 3. Types of fertilizers applied by corn farmers during the last cropping

43. Major diseases identified to occur
mostly during summer time of
planting corn are diseases caused
by fungi. Though few are caused of
bacteria, mycoplasma and virus.
Printed compendium of pests and
diseases found in the corn growing
areas of the region was made. The
compendium provides information in
the management of these pest and
diseases.

44. AGRICULTURAL INFORMATION SYSTEM: THE CASE OF BT CORN GROWERS IN CAGAYAN VALLEY
● To manage their farms, farmers must find and process timely and pertinent financial, climatic, technical,
and regulatory information. These come in the form of agricultural data, which farmers typically find to be
quite challenging.
● In corn production there is limited study on the information system and communication network among the
actors of production: the personal, public, private and mass media sources of information.
● The agricultural information system of Bt corn growers was investigated based on the following factors:
- information system of the farmers, that included the information generated and sources (whether
personal, public or mass media sources) related to corn farming,
- the extent of contact farmers had with the information sources
- degree of usefulness of the information generated.
● A total of 1,279 Bt corn growers (BtCG) interviewed in the study.

45. ● The study was conducted in 54 barangays randomly selected from the various towns in Cagayan Valley as follows:
● Research analysis
The information system of BtCG is analyzed using indices such as frequency of contact with information sources,
usefulness of information generated, and total information score of information sources.
Cagayan Abulog, Alcala, Amulong, Gattaran, Piat and Peñablanca
Isabela Angandanan, Cauayan, Echague, Jones, Ilagan, Naguilian San Mariano, and Tumauini
Nueva Vizcaya Bagabag, Diadi, and Quezon
Quirino Aglipay, Diffun, Nagtipunan and Madella

46. Results
1. Bt corn growers in Cagayan Valley are married males, 48 years old on average and are mostly high school graduates.
2. Membership to organizations is not a common practice to the majority.
3. Most corn farms are owned, however, the potential yield on a per hectare basis is not yet maximized.
4. The agriculture information system analysis showed that there is aa stronger degree of contact expressed in terms of
information score was manifested in the personal sources of the Bt corn growers. A traditional agricultural information
system exists where farmers depend on shared experiences or practices of other farmers.
5. There is a weak link between the Bt corn growers and the public and mass media sources. The weak link reveals a limited
interaction and dissemination of timely and relevant agricultural farming techniques.
6. No feedback mechanism where problems or information needs are forwarded to the researchers or experts.
7. Age, educational attainment, land ownership and membership to organizations are some factors associated on the
strength of information exchange with sources.
8. There is a need to strengthen the link between the Bt corn growers and public sources such as agricultural technicians,
extension workers, researchers, experts, private agricultural company technicians and the mass media.

47. VII. PROJECT OUTPUT
Expected Outputs (per Approved
Proposal)
Actual Accomplishments If not Accomplished, provide
justification
Different production system of
Cagayan Valley by agro-ecological
zones
100%
Production Constraints and solutions 100%
Extent of the utilization of the
production technology and the
communication flow and network
established among the actors in the
100%
Compendium of Pests and Diseases of
Corn in Cagayan Valley
100%

48. VII. PROJECT OUTPUT
Expected Outputs (per Approved Proposal) Actual Accomplishments If not Accomplished, provide justification
Anthropometric survey for pre-school to
elementary grade children in corn growing
areas in Cagayan Valley
100%
Field days (4) 100% 10 sites field day schedule (verification
studies) force majeure due to lock
down
10 scholarly published project outputs 70% 7 articles published in Scopus indexed
journal, 5 were submitted and
accepted, but still waiting for their
Publication, 2 utility model & 1
copyright
Mentoring of junior researcher 100% 2 PhD graduated already

49. Title of Scholarly Paper Produced Academic Journal Status of Publication
Understanding the information system
of BT corn growers in Cagayan Valley,
Philippines
International Journal of Agronomy and
Agricultural Research (IJAAR) ISSN:
2223-7054 (Print) 2225-3610 (Online)
http://www.innspub.net Vol. 17, No. 4,
p. 17-26, 2020
Published (open access)
Effects of Radiation-modified Kappa-
carrageenan Supplementation in Corn
(Zea mays L.)
Journal of Critical Reviews ISSN-
2394-5125 Vol 7, Issue 11, 2020
Published (open access)
Determinants of Bt Corn (Zea mays L.)
Adoption in Cagayan Valley,
Philippines
Journal of Critical Reviews ISSN-
2394-5125 Vol 7, Issue 11, 2020
Published (open access)

50. Title of Scholarly Paper Produced Academic Journal Status of Publication
Factors affecting food security of
children from corn farming households
in Cagayan valley, Philippines
Plant Science Today, 2021 Vol 8(2):
352–356
https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2021.8.2.1
061 ISSN 2348-1900 (online)
Published (online)
Communication network analysis
among Bt corn growers in Isabela,
Philippines: A basis for improved
agricultural delivery system
International Journal of Agricultural
Technology 2021 Vol. 17(2):781-794
Available online http://www.ijat-
aatsea.com ISSN 2630-0192
Published (online)
Bt corn growing information system in
Cagayan Province, Philippines: An
analysis for enhanced extension
delivery service
Plant Science Today, 8(3), 445–450.
https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2021.8.3.
1062
ISSN : 2348-1900
Published (online)

51. Title of Scholarly Paper Produced Academic Journal Status of Publication
Agricultural information system and
communication network: The case of
BT corn growers in Amulong, Cagayan
International Journal of Biosciences |
IJB |SSN: 2220-6655 (Print) 2222-
5234
http://www.innspub.net Vol. 17, No. 1
Published (online)
Soil Fertility Evaluation of Selected Bt
Corn Growing Areas in Cagayan Valley
International Journal of Agricultural
Technology
Submitted
Production Management of BT Corn in
Different Agro Ecological Zones of
Cagayan Valley
International Journal of Agricultural
Technology
Submitted

52. Title of Scholarly Paper Produced Academic Journal Status of Publication
Determinants of Dietary Diversity and
Nutritional Status of Children of Corn
Growers in Quirino, Philippines
International Journal of Agricultural
Technology
Submitted
Sources of Agricultural Information and
Its Influence on Cultural Management
and Practices Of Maize Smallhold
Growers in the Province of Nueva
Vizcaya
International Journal of Biosciences Submitted
Utilization and Usefulness of
Agricultural Information among BT
Corn Farmers in the Province of
Quirino: Implication for Extension
Delivery Service
International Journal of Science and
Technology Research
Submitted

53. Title of Patent Application Patent Application Number Status of Application
Fermented Seaweeds as Foliar fertilizer
for Corn
Utility Model Published and waiting for the
IPOPHIL Certication
Process of Producing Fermented
Seaweeds as Foliar fertilizer for Corn
Utility Model Published and waiting for the
IPOPHIL Certication
Compendium of Corn Pests & Diseases
in Cagayan valley
Copyright On-process

54. Other project outputs.
1.Joel Lopez – Sta. Rosa, Abulug, Cagayan
2.Lita Paguirigan – Minanga, San Mariano Isabela
3.Ismael Valenzuela – Buliwao, Quezon, Nueva Viscaya
4.Crisanto Bangloy – Magsaysay, Diffun, Quirino
5.Roger Salvador – Arubub, Jones Isabela
6.Edwin Balona – Ifugao Village, Diffun, Quirino
7. Frank Tigas – Ponggo, Nagtipunan, Quirino
8.Efren Plaida – Guinalbin, Aglipay, Quirino
9.Thomas Liwan – Balligui, Maddela, Quirino
10.Ryan Corpuz – Villa Pascua, Diffun, Quirino
Farmer Cooperators
11.Maggie Magat – Dipantan, Nagtipunan, Quirino
12.Harrison Agpalza – Ponggo, Nagtipunan, Quirino
13.Maxlin Inte – Victoria, Aglipay, Quirino
14.Adela Alindayo – Jose Ancheta, Maddela, Quirino
15.Eduardo Daquiog – Palacian, Aglipay, Quirino
16.Marilou Juan - Lusod, Maddela, Quirino
17. Mar P. Lutan - Cabaruan, Maddela, Quirinio
18. Janet Licyayan - Quezon, Nueva Vizcaya
19. Helen Mapagu - Baliuag, Peñablanca, Cagayan
20. Renato, Salvador - Divisoria, Maddela, Quirino

55. FACTORS AFFECTING FOOD SECURITY
AMONG CHILDREN OF CORN FARMERS IN
CAGAYAN VALLEY, PHILIPPINES
•This study was conducted from January to April 2019 which aims to
determine the factors affecting household food security among children
of corn farmers in Cagayan Valley, Philippines.
•Multi-stage random sampling and cross-sectional design were
applied.
•The sample size of the study was determined using population
proportion formula. About 408 school children who were about one (1)
to ten (10) years old during the conduct of the study were included.
•These children belong to the households of corn farmers from the
provinces of Isabela, Quirino, Nueva Vizcaya and Cagayan.
•Regression analysis was employed to determine significant
relationships among dependent and independent variables.
•Household food security is affected by the educational
attainment of parents, occupation, the primary source
of income, and type of corn grown.
•Parents who have higher educational attainment and
have farming as the primary source of income,
particularly Bt corn farmers, have food secured
household.

56. VIII. BUDGET AND FINANCIAL REPORT
Total Approved Budget for Year 1 5,400,777.68
Total Approved Budget for Year 2 4,509,222.32
Total Approved Total Expenditures
Personnel Services (PS) 2,768,976.00 2,462,023.76
Maintenance and Other Operating Expenses
(MOOE)
6,174,024.08 5,678,872.19
Equipment Outlay (EO) 557,000.00 424,360.00
Administrative Cost (AO) 499,998.32 384,353.00
TOTAL 10,000,000.00 8,949,608.95
Percentage Spent
89.50%
Special Remarks

57. IX. GANTT CHART/ Work Plan (Actual vs Approved)

60. X. PHOTOS

61. Profiling of Cagayan Valleys Corn Farmers and collecting data of corn pest and diseases they encountered

62. Demo Sites and Corn Yield Analysis

63. Magsaysay, Diffun, Quirino: Field Day

64. Guinalbin, Aglipay, Qurino: Field Day

65. Palacian, Aglipay, Quirino: Field Day

66. Quezon, Nueva Vizcaya: Field Day

67. Baliwag, Peñablanca, Cagayan: Field Day

68. Corn pests and diseases
Banded Leaf and Sheath Blight (BLSB)
Eyespot

69. Corn pests and diseases
PHYSODERMA (BROWN SPOT)
PHYSODERMA (STALK ROT)

70. MACROSPORA LEAF STRIPE
SOUTHERN RUST

71. FALL ARMY WORM
COMMON RUST

72. CORN LEAFHOPPER
APHIDS

73. Corn Demo Sites