This document presents a character recognition system for Android smartphones. It uses optical character recognition (OCR) technology to recognize text from images captured by the smartphone camera. Specifically, it utilizes the Tesseract OCR engine and the Mezzofanti Android application. The system is tested on its ability to recognize characters in English, Korean, Japanese, and Chinese. Recognition rates vary depending on factors like font, lighting, tilt, and spacing but the system achieves reasonably high recognition for simpler characters and texts. The system provides a portable way to perform OCR without additional hardware.
Pre-Defense CSE Thesis Presentation in BAUSTNaiyan Noor
he Pre-Defense meeting serves as a “dress rehearsal” for the Final Defense presentation and is the opportune time to address any final edits, questions, or concerns leading up to the Final Defense.
Know the format of your thesis defence. ...
Prepare and practice your presentation. ...
The dreaded “awkward question” ...
When you don't know the answer… ...
Core content. ...
Dealing with nerves.
Analyzing the indicators walkability of cities, in order to improving urban v...IJMER
Urban design is a technique and knowledge seeking to organize and improve urban qualities
and increase the quality of citizenship life. Based on the perspectives and objectives of urban design, the
dominant intention in all urbanism activities is to reach high humanistic and social dimensions. In fact,
what give meaning to a city are the social aspects raised in recent urban activities, in addition to the
physical and visual body of it. Over the past decade the quality of the walking environment has become
a significant factor in transportation planning and design in developed countries. It is argued that the
pedestrians’ environment has been ignored in favors of automobile. The purpose of this study was to
examine the effects of walkability on property values and investment returns. Research method is
descriptive. The method of collected data is field. Also, were used questionnaire tools in order to
collecting data. On the other hand, was referred to municipality 9 region due to, studied area was
located in this urban region.
In continue, was used SWOT technique in order to analyzing questionnaire. At finally, proposed
strategies in order to improving urban space qualify.
Pre-Defense CSE Thesis Presentation in BAUSTNaiyan Noor
he Pre-Defense meeting serves as a “dress rehearsal” for the Final Defense presentation and is the opportune time to address any final edits, questions, or concerns leading up to the Final Defense.
Know the format of your thesis defence. ...
Prepare and practice your presentation. ...
The dreaded “awkward question” ...
When you don't know the answer… ...
Core content. ...
Dealing with nerves.
Analyzing the indicators walkability of cities, in order to improving urban v...IJMER
Urban design is a technique and knowledge seeking to organize and improve urban qualities
and increase the quality of citizenship life. Based on the perspectives and objectives of urban design, the
dominant intention in all urbanism activities is to reach high humanistic and social dimensions. In fact,
what give meaning to a city are the social aspects raised in recent urban activities, in addition to the
physical and visual body of it. Over the past decade the quality of the walking environment has become
a significant factor in transportation planning and design in developed countries. It is argued that the
pedestrians’ environment has been ignored in favors of automobile. The purpose of this study was to
examine the effects of walkability on property values and investment returns. Research method is
descriptive. The method of collected data is field. Also, were used questionnaire tools in order to
collecting data. On the other hand, was referred to municipality 9 region due to, studied area was
located in this urban region.
In continue, was used SWOT technique in order to analyzing questionnaire. At finally, proposed
strategies in order to improving urban space qualify.
Evaluation of Compressive Strength and Water Absorption of Styrene Butadiene...IJMER
In this research, effect of Styrene-Butadiene Rubber (SBR) latex on water absorption and
compressive strength of concrete has been studied. A locally available “RIPSTAR-148” is used as SBR
Latex.
It has been observed that SBR latex improves the internal structure of the latex modified
concrete resulting in considerable reduction in the water absorption value at 28 days of age. However,
at early age, the effect of SBR latex on water absorption is adverse. Same trend is noticed for the
compressive strength; at 7 days of age, SBR latex has negative effect while at 28 days, the addition of
SBR latex in concrete results in enhancement of compressive strength. Based on the results of this
study, latex modified concrete made using “RIPSTAR-148” may be recommended to be used in RC
structures in INDIA. However, for the mixes rich in cement, the dosage of “RIPSTAR-148” needs to be
adjusted to maintain required workability of concrete.
Experimental Study of the Fatigue Strength of Glass fiber epoxy and Chapstan ...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
An Efficient System for Traffic Control in Networks Using Virtual Routing Top...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
Signboard Text Translator: A Guide to TouristIJECEIAES
The travelers face troubles in understanding the signboards which are written in local lan- guage. The travelers can rely on smart phone for traveling purposes. Smart phones become most popular in recent years in terms of market value and the number of useful applications to the users. This work intends to build up a web application that can recognize the English content present on signboard pictures captured using a smart phone, translate the content from English to Telugu, and display the translated Telugu text back onto the screen of the phone. Experiments have been conducted on various signboard pictures and the outcomes demonstrate the viability of the proposed approach.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
A Translation Device for the Vision Based Sign Languageijsrd.com
The Sign language is very important for people who have hearing and speaking deficiency generally called Deaf and Mute. It is the only mode of communication for such people to convey their messages and it becomes very important for people to understand their language. This paper proposes the method or algorithm for an application which would help in recognizing the different signs which is called Indian Sign Language. The images are of the palm side of right and left hand and are loaded at runtime. The method has been developed with respect to single user. The real time images will be captured first and then stored in directory and on recently captured image and feature extraction will take place to identify which sign has been articulated by the user through SIFT(scale invariance Fourier transform) algorithm. The comparisons will be performed in arrears and then after comparison the result will be produced in accordance through matched key points from the input image to the image stored for a specific letter already in the directory or the database the outputs for the following can be seen in below sections. There are 26 signs in Indian Sign Language corresponding to each alphabet out which the proposed algorithm provided with 95% accurate results for 9 alphabets with their images captured at every possible angle and distance.
Over the years speech recognition has taken the market. The speech input can be used in varying domains such as automatic reader and for inputting data to the system. Speech recognition can minimize the use of text and other types of input, at the same time minimizing the calculation needed for the process. Decade back speech recognition was difficult to use in any system, but with elevation in technology leading to new algorithms, techniques and advanced tools. Now it is possible to generate the desired speech recognition output. One such method is the hidden markov models which is used in this paper. Voice or signaled input is inserted through any speech device such as microphone, then speech can be processed and convert it to text hence able to send SMS, also Phone number can be entering either by voice or you may select it from contact list. Voice has opened up data input for a variety of user’s such as illiterate, Handicapped, as if the person cannot write then the speech input is a boon and other’s too which Can lead to better usage of the application. This application also included that user can only input numeric character for contact information, i.e. the security validation for number is done. SR will listen to input and convert numeric to text and will be displayed on contact information to verify. If any user try to insert any other character into the information an error would be displayed e.g. if user speaks his name for contact, it will be displayed as invalid contact. The message box can accept any character. To use the speech recognition user has to be loud and clear so that command is properly executed by the system.
Evaluation of Compressive Strength and Water Absorption of Styrene Butadiene...IJMER
In this research, effect of Styrene-Butadiene Rubber (SBR) latex on water absorption and
compressive strength of concrete has been studied. A locally available “RIPSTAR-148” is used as SBR
Latex.
It has been observed that SBR latex improves the internal structure of the latex modified
concrete resulting in considerable reduction in the water absorption value at 28 days of age. However,
at early age, the effect of SBR latex on water absorption is adverse. Same trend is noticed for the
compressive strength; at 7 days of age, SBR latex has negative effect while at 28 days, the addition of
SBR latex in concrete results in enhancement of compressive strength. Based on the results of this
study, latex modified concrete made using “RIPSTAR-148” may be recommended to be used in RC
structures in INDIA. However, for the mixes rich in cement, the dosage of “RIPSTAR-148” needs to be
adjusted to maintain required workability of concrete.
Experimental Study of the Fatigue Strength of Glass fiber epoxy and Chapstan ...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
An Efficient System for Traffic Control in Networks Using Virtual Routing Top...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
Signboard Text Translator: A Guide to TouristIJECEIAES
The travelers face troubles in understanding the signboards which are written in local lan- guage. The travelers can rely on smart phone for traveling purposes. Smart phones become most popular in recent years in terms of market value and the number of useful applications to the users. This work intends to build up a web application that can recognize the English content present on signboard pictures captured using a smart phone, translate the content from English to Telugu, and display the translated Telugu text back onto the screen of the phone. Experiments have been conducted on various signboard pictures and the outcomes demonstrate the viability of the proposed approach.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
A Translation Device for the Vision Based Sign Languageijsrd.com
The Sign language is very important for people who have hearing and speaking deficiency generally called Deaf and Mute. It is the only mode of communication for such people to convey their messages and it becomes very important for people to understand their language. This paper proposes the method or algorithm for an application which would help in recognizing the different signs which is called Indian Sign Language. The images are of the palm side of right and left hand and are loaded at runtime. The method has been developed with respect to single user. The real time images will be captured first and then stored in directory and on recently captured image and feature extraction will take place to identify which sign has been articulated by the user through SIFT(scale invariance Fourier transform) algorithm. The comparisons will be performed in arrears and then after comparison the result will be produced in accordance through matched key points from the input image to the image stored for a specific letter already in the directory or the database the outputs for the following can be seen in below sections. There are 26 signs in Indian Sign Language corresponding to each alphabet out which the proposed algorithm provided with 95% accurate results for 9 alphabets with their images captured at every possible angle and distance.
Over the years speech recognition has taken the market. The speech input can be used in varying domains such as automatic reader and for inputting data to the system. Speech recognition can minimize the use of text and other types of input, at the same time minimizing the calculation needed for the process. Decade back speech recognition was difficult to use in any system, but with elevation in technology leading to new algorithms, techniques and advanced tools. Now it is possible to generate the desired speech recognition output. One such method is the hidden markov models which is used in this paper. Voice or signaled input is inserted through any speech device such as microphone, then speech can be processed and convert it to text hence able to send SMS, also Phone number can be entering either by voice or you may select it from contact list. Voice has opened up data input for a variety of user’s such as illiterate, Handicapped, as if the person cannot write then the speech input is a boon and other’s too which Can lead to better usage of the application. This application also included that user can only input numeric character for contact information, i.e. the security validation for number is done. SR will listen to input and convert numeric to text and will be displayed on contact information to verify. If any user try to insert any other character into the information an error would be displayed e.g. if user speaks his name for contact, it will be displayed as invalid contact. The message box can accept any character. To use the speech recognition user has to be loud and clear so that command is properly executed by the system.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
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BLOB DETECTION TECHNIQUE USING IMAGE PROCESSING FOR IDENTIFICATION OF MACHINE...ijiert bestjournal
Optical character recognition systems have been effectively developed for the recognition of p rinted characters. Optical character recognition is an awesome computer vision technique with various applications ranging from saving real time scripts digitally and deriving context based intelligence using natural language processing from the texts. One such application is the recognition of machine printed characters. This paper illustrates the technique to identify machine printed characters using Blob detection method and Image processing. In many cases of such machine printed characters there is simi larity between character colour and background colour. There is mix up of reflected light and scattered light. Colour is not consistent across character area or background area. Paper explains how Blob detection technique is used for recognition of these m achines printed characters.
A Study on Translucent Concrete Product and Its Properties by Using Optical F...IJMER
- Translucent concrete is a concrete based material with light-transferring properties,
obtained due to embedded light optical elements like Optical fibers used in concrete. Light is conducted
through the concrete from one end to the other. This results into a certain light pattern on the other
surface, depending on the fiber structure. Optical fibers transmit light so effectively that there is
virtually no loss of light conducted through the fibers. This paper deals with the modeling of such
translucent or transparent concrete blocks and panel and their usage and also the advantages it brings
in the field. The main purpose is to use sunlight as a light source to reduce the power consumption of
illumination and to use the optical fiber to sense the stress of structures and also use this concrete as an
architectural purpose of the building
Developing Cost Effective Automation for Cotton Seed DelintingIJMER
A low cost automation system for removal of lint from cottonseed is to be designed and
developed. The setup consists of stainless steel drum with stirrer in which cottonseeds having lint is mixed
with concentrated sulphuric acid. So lint will get burn. This lint free cottonseed treated with lime water to
neutralize acidic nature. After water washing this cottonseeds are used for agriculter purpose
Study & Testing Of Bio-Composite Material Based On Munja FibreIJMER
The incorporation of natural fibres such as munja fiber composites has gained
increasing applications both in many areas of Engineering and Technology. The aim of this study is to
evaluate mechanical properties such as flexural and tensile properties of reinforced epoxy composites.
This is mainly due to their applicable benefits as they are light weight and offer low cost compared to
synthetic fibre composites. Munja fibres recently have been a substitute material in many weight-critical
applications in areas such as aerospace, automotive and other high demanding industrial sectors. In
this study, natural munja fibre composites and munja/fibreglass hybrid composites were fabricated by a
combination of hand lay-up and cold-press methods. A new variety in munja fibre is the present work
the main aim of the work is to extract the neat fibre and is characterized for its flexural characteristics.
The composites are fabricated by reinforcing untreated and treated fibre and are tested for their
mechanical, properties strictly as per ASTM procedures.
Hybrid Engine (Stirling Engine + IC Engine + Electric Motor)IJMER
Hybrid engine is a combination of Stirling engine, IC engine and Electric motor. All these 3 are
connected together to a single shaft. The power source of the Stirling engine will be a Solar Panel. The aim of
this is to run the automobile using a Hybrid engine
Fabrication & Characterization of Bio Composite Materials Based On Sunnhemp F...IJMER
The present day technology demands eco-friendly developments. In this era the
composite material are playing a vital roal in different field of Engineering .The composite materials
are using as a principle materials. Nowaday the composite materials are utilizing as a important
component of engineering field .Where as the importance of the applications of composites is well
known, but thrust on the use of natural fibres in it for reinforcement has been given priority for some
times. But changing from synthetic fibres to natural fibres provides only half green-composites. A
partial green composite will be achieved if the matrix component is also eco-friendly. Keeping this in
view, a detailed literature surveyed has been carried out through various issues of the Journals
related to this field. The material systems used are sunnhemp fibres. Some epoxy and hardener has
been also added for stability and drying of the bio-composites. Various graphs and bar-charts are
super-imposed on each other for comparison among themselves and Graphs is plotted on MAT LAB
and ORIGIN 6.0 software. To determining tensile strengths, Various properties for different biocomposites
have been compared among themselves. Comparison of the behaviour of bio-composites of
this work has been also compare with other works. The bio-composites developed in this work are
likely to get applications in fall ceilings, partitions, bio-degradable packagings, automotive interiors,
sports things (e.g. rackets, nets, etc.), toys etc.
Geochemistry and Genesis of Kammatturu Iron Ores of Devagiri Formation, Sandu...IJMER
The Greenstone belts of Karnataka are enriched in BIFs in Dharwar craton, where Iron
formations are confined to the basin shelf, clearly separated from the deeper-water iron formation that
accumulated at the basin margin and flanking the marine basin. Geochemical data procured in terms of
major, trace and REE are plotted in various diagrams to interpret the genesis of BIFs. Al2O3, Fe2O3 (T),
TiO2, CaO, and SiO2 abundances and ratios show a wide variation. Ni, Co, Zr, Sc, V, Rb, Sr, U, Th,
ΣREE, La, Ce and Eu anomalies and their binary relationships indicate that wherever the terrigenous
component has increased, the concentration of elements of felsic such as Zr and Hf has gone up. Elevated
concentrations of Ni, Co and Sc are contributed by chlorite and other components characteristic of basic
volcanic debris. The data suggest that these formations were generated by chemical and clastic
sedimentary processes on a shallow shelf. During transgression, chemical precipitation took place at the
sediment-water interface, whereas at the time of regression. Iron ore formed with sedimentary structures
and textures in Kammatturu area, in a setting where the water column was oxygenated.
Experimental Investigation on Characteristic Study of the Carbon Steel C45 in...IJMER
In this paper, the mechanical characteristics of C45 medium carbon steel are investigated
under various working conditions. The main characteristic to be studied on this paper is impact toughness
of the material with different configurations and the experiment were carried out on charpy impact testing
equipment. This study reveals the ability of the material to absorb energy up to failure for various
specimen configurations under different heat treated conditions and the corresponding results were
compared with the analysis outcome
Non linear analysis of Robot Gun Support Structure using Equivalent Dynamic A...IJMER
Robot guns are being increasingly employed in automotive manufacturing to replace
risky jobs and also to increase productivity. Using a single robot for a single operation proves to be
expensive. Hence for cost optimization, multiple guns are mounted on a single robot and multiple
operations are performed. Robot Gun structure is an efficient way in which multiple welds can be done
simultaneously. However mounting several weld guns on a single structure induces a variety of
dynamic loads, especially during movement of the robot arm as it maneuvers to reach the weld
locations. The primary idea employed in this paper, is to model those dynamic loads as equivalent G
force loads in FEA. This approach will be on the conservative side, and will be saving time and
subsequently cost efficient. The approach of the paper is towards creating a standard operating
procedure when it comes to analysis of such structures, with emphasis on deploying various technical
aspects of FEA such as Non Linear Geometry, Multipoint Constraint Contact Algorithm, Multizone
meshing .
Static Analysis of Go-Kart Chassis by Analytical and Solid Works SimulationIJMER
This paper aims to do modelling, simulation and performing the static analysis of a go
kart chassis consisting of Circular beams. Modelling, simulations and analysis are performed using 3-D
modelling software i.e. Solid Works and ANSYS according to the rulebook provided by Indian Society of
New Era Engineers (ISNEE) for National Go Kart Championship (NGKC-14).The maximum deflection is
determined by performing static analysis. Computed results are then compared to analytical calculation,
where it is found that the location of maximum deflection agrees well with theoretical approximation but
varies on magnitude aspect.
In récent year various vehicle introduced in market but due to limitation in
carbon émission and BS Séries limitd speed availability vehicle in the market and causing of
environnent pollution over few year There is need to decrease dependancy on fuel vehicle.
bicycle is to be modified for optional in the future To implement new technique using change in
pedal assembly and variable speed gearbox such as planetary gear optimise speed of vehicle
with variable speed ratio.To increase the efficiency of bicycle for confortable drive and to
reduce torque appli éd on bicycle. we introduced epicyclic gear box in which transmission done
throgh Chain Drive (i.e. Sprocket )to rear wheel with help of Epicyclical gear Box to give
number of différent Speed during driving.To reduce torque requirent in the cycle with change in
the pedal mechanism
Integration of Struts & Spring & Hibernate for Enterprise ApplicationsIJMER
The proposal of this paper is to present Spring Framework which is widely used in
developing enterprise applications. Considering the current state where applications are developed using
the EJB model, Spring Framework assert that ordinary java beans(POJO) can be utilize with minimal
modifications. This modular framework can be used to develop the application faster and can reduce
complexity. This paper will highlight the design overview of Spring Framework along with its features that
have made the framework useful. The integration of multiple frameworks for an E-commerce system has
also been addressed in this paper. This paper also proposes structure for a website based on integration of
Spring, Hibernate and Struts Framework.
Microcontroller Based Automatic Sprinkler Irrigation SystemIJMER
Microcontroller based Automatic Sprinkler System is a new concept of using
intelligence power of embedded technology in the sprinkler irrigation work. Designed system replaces
the conventional manual work involved in sprinkler irrigation to automatic process. Using this system a
farmer is protected against adverse inhuman weather conditions, tedious work of changing over of
sprinkler water pipe lines & risk of accident due to high pressure in the water pipe line. Overall
sprinkler irrigation work is transformed in to a comfortableautomatic work. This system provides
flexibility & accuracy in respect of time set for the operation of a sprinkler water pipe lines. In present
work the author has designed and developed an automatic sprinkler irrigation system which is
controlled and monitored by a microcontroller interfaced with solenoid valves.
On some locally closed sets and spaces in Ideal Topological SpacesIJMER
In this paper we introduce and characterize some new generalized locally closed sets
known as
δ
ˆ
s-locally closed sets and spaces are known as
δ
ˆ
s-normal space and
δ
ˆ
s-connected space and
discussed some of their properties
Intrusion Detection and Forensics based on decision tree and Association rule...IJMER
This paper present an approach based on the combination of, two techniques using
decision tree and Association rule mining for Probe attack detection. This approach proves to be
better than the traditional approach of generating rules for fuzzy expert system by clustering methods.
Association rule mining for selecting the best attributes together and decision tree for identifying the
best parameters together to create the rules for fuzzy expert system. After that rules for fuzzy expert
system are generated using association rule mining and decision trees. Decision trees is generated for
dataset and to find the basic parameters for creating the membership functions of fuzzy inference
system. Membership functions are generated for the probe attack. Based on these rules we have
created the fuzzy inference system that is used as an input to neuro-fuzzy system. Fuzzy inference
system is loaded to neuro-fuzzy toolbox as an input and the final ANFIS structure is generated for
outcome of neuro-fuzzy approach. The experiments and evaluations of the proposed method were
done with NSL-KDD intrusion detection dataset. As the experimental results, the proposed approach
based on the combination of, two techniques using decision tree and Association rule mining
efficiently detected probe attacks. Experimental results shows better results for detecting intrusions as
compared to others existing methods
Natural Language Ambiguity and its Effect on Machine LearningIJMER
"Natural language processing" here refers to the use and ability of systems to process
sentences in a natural language such as English, rather than in a specialized artificial computer
language such as C++. The systems of real interest here are digital computers of the type we think of as
personal computers and mainframes. Of course humans can process natural languages, but for us the
question is whether digital computers can or ever will process natural languages. We have tried to
explore in depth and break down the types of ambiguities persistent throughout the natural languages
and provide an answer to the question “How it affects the machine translation process and thereby
machine learning as whole?” .
Today in era of software industry there is no perfect software framework available for
analysis and software development. Currently there are enormous number of software development
process exists which can be implemented to stabilize the process of developing a software system. But no
perfect system is recognized till yet which can help software developers for opting of best software
development process. This paper present the framework of skillful system combined with Likert scale. With
the help of Likert scale we define a rule based model and delegate some mass score to every process and
develop one tool name as MuxSet which will help the software developers to select an appropriate
development process that may enhance the probability of system success.
Material Parameter and Effect of Thermal Load on Functionally Graded CylindersIJMER
The present study investigates the creep in a thick-walled composite cylinders made
up of aluminum/aluminum alloy matrix and reinforced with silicon carbide particles. The distribution
of SiCp is assumed to be either uniform or decreasing linearly from the inner to the outer radius of
the cylinder. The creep behavior of the cylinder has been described by threshold stress based creep
law with a stress exponent of 5. The composite cylinders are subjected to internal pressure which is
applied gradually and steady state condition of stress is assumed. The creep parameters required to
be used in creep law, are extracted by conducting regression analysis on the available experimental
results. The mathematical models have been developed to describe steady state creep in the composite
cylinder by using von-Mises criterion. Regression analysis is used to obtain the creep parameters
required in the study. The basic equilibrium equation of the cylinder and other constitutive equations
have been solved to obtain creep stresses in the cylinder. The effect of varying particle size, particle
content and temperature on the stresses in the composite cylinder has been analyzed. The study
revealed that the stress distributions in the cylinder do not vary significantly for various combinations
of particle size, particle content and operating temperature except for slight variation observed for
varying particle content. Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs) emerged and led to the development
of superior heat resistant materials.
Energy Audit is the systematic process for finding out the energy conservation
opportunities in industrial processes. The project carried out studies on various energy conservation
measures application in areas like lighting, motors, compressors, transformer, ventilation system etc.
In this investigation, studied the technical aspects of the various measures along with its cost benefit
analysis.
Investigation found that major areas of energy conservation are-
1. Energy efficient lighting schemes.
2. Use of electronic ballast instead of copper ballast.
3. Use of wind ventilators for ventilation.
4. Use of VFD for compressor.
5. Transparent roofing sheets to reduce energy consumption.
So Energy Audit is the only perfect & analyzed way of meeting the Industrial Energy Conservation.
An Implementation of I2C Slave Interface using Verilog HDLIJMER
The focus of this paper is on implementation of Inter Integrated Circuit (I2C) protocol
following slave module for no data loss. In this paper, the principle and the operation of I2C bus protocol
will be introduced. It follows the I2C specification to provide device addressing, read/write operation and
an acknowledgement. The programmable nature of device provide users with the flexibility of configuring
the I2C slave device to any legal slave address to avoid the slave address collision on an I2C bus with
multiple slave devices. This paper demonstrates how I2C Master controller transmits and receives data to
and from the Slave with proper synchronization.
The module is designed in Verilog and simulated in ModelSim. The design is also synthesized in Xilinx
XST 14.1. This module acts as a slave for the microprocessor which can be customized for no data loss.
Discrete Model of Two Predators competing for One PreyIJMER
This paper investigates the dynamical behavior of a discrete model of one prey two
predator systems. The equilibrium points and their stability are analyzed. Time series plots are obtained
for different sets of parameter values. Also bifurcation diagrams are plotted to show dynamical behavior
of the system in selected range of growth parameter
Discrete Model of Two Predators competing for One Prey
Character Recognition System Based On Android Smart Phone
1. International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER)
www.ijmer.com Vol.2, Issue.6, Nov-Dec. 2012 pp-4091-4093 ISSN: 2249-6645
Character Recognition System Based On Android Smart Phone
Soon-kak Kwon1, Hyun-jun An2, Young-hwan Choi, 3
Department of Computer Software Engineering, Dongeui University, Korea
ABSTRACT : In this paper, we propose the character II. PROPOSED CHARACTER RECOGNITION
recognition method using optical character reader METHOD
technology for the smart phone application. The camera In order to create a character recognition system
within Android smart phone captures the document and based on Android smart phone, Tesseract-OCR [2] and
then the OCR is applied according to language database. Mezzofanti were used. Tesseract-OCR 2.03 version supports
As some language is added to the database, the character of some languages such as English. From the 3.00 version, the
the various languages can be easily recognized. From Korean language is supported. It internally utilizes the
simulation results, we can see the results of tests in English, image processing library called as leptonica. Tesseract-OCR
Korean, Japanese, Chinese recognition. is used in AOSP (Android Open Source Project) and eyes-
free project. Mezzofanti is open-source Android Appication.
Keywords: Character recognition, Smart phone, Picture It recognizes the characters in the image taken from the
Quality camera by using the Tesseract library. The app currently is
in version 1.0.3 and uses Tesseract 2.03 version, so it has the
I. INTRODUCTION disadvantage that does not support many languages
Current OCR (optical character reader) technology recognition. Therefore, we implement Mezzofanti as
[1-6] is widely applied to Zip recognition, product Tesseract 3.0 version. Tesseract 3.0 is build to NDK and
then the source code of the packages associated with the
inspection and classification, document recognition, vehicle
Tesseract is downloaded. Mezzofanti source should be
number recognition, drawings recognition, slips and checks
automatically entering. OCR technology in the United States modified. Eclipse or Ant is used to build Mezzofanti.
Mezzofanti application and dictionary and pre-
of America was finished in one-stage from starting in the
1950s to early 1970s. In the 1980s, two-stage neural learning data files have to be installed. Mezzofanti for
network and VLSI design were progressed. OCR technology Eclipse or Ant is to build, and installed in Android smart
of Japan began to develop Zip automatic recognition device phone. Mezzofanti and Tesseract can add simply a language
that is not supported by default; the database only for that
in the 1960s. Since 1966, Pattern Information Processing
language can be easily applied. Proposed system can support
System project became the instrument of development by
full mode and line mode. Full mode is to be recognized for
participating many companies.
the entire document, and lines mode can be recognized for
On-lain OCR research to recognize at the same
one line of document. The case of the character
time with handwriting was the first attempt in 1959. There
misrecognized in results screen can be modified separately;
are many character recognition system such as mail sorter of
it can increase the recognition rate.
Germany's Siemens, auto-inspection system of Japan's NEC,
face, fingerprint recognition, document processing system of
USA’s National Institute of Science and Technology, the Fig.1 shows the screen shots for the proposed recognition
field of artificial intelligence, document pattern recognition / system based on smart phone.
analysis, automatic processing of checks, number / word /
string recognition of Canada Concordia University.
Most of the character recognition program will be
recognized through the input image with a scanner or a
digital camera and computer software. There is a problem in
the spatial size of the computer and scanner. If you do not
have a scanner and a digital camera, a hardware problem
occurs. In order to overcome the limitations of computer
occupying a large space, character recognition system based
on smart phone is proposed. Character recognition software
developed by smart phones with an emphasis on mobility
and portability, spatial, hardware, financial limitations can (a) Full mode
be solved. But because the performances of smart phone and
computer are different, the speed of massive character
recognition is slow. Hardware speeds up the development of
smart phones; this issue seems to be resolved as soon as
possible. In this paper, the character recognition method is
presented by using OCR technology and smart phone.
The organization of this paper is as follows.
Section II provides the proposed character recognition
method. Section III shows the simulation results of the
proposed method about recognition rate for various (b) Line mode
languages. In Section IV, we summarize the main results.
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2. International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER)
www.ijmer.com Vol.2, Issue.6, Nov-Dec. 2012 pp-4091-4093 ISSN: 2249-6645
Fig 1. Screen shots for the proposed recognition system Table I. Recognition for English
based on smart phone
Number of Recognition
Document type
button : Line mode and Full mode can be changed. In characters rate
line mode only recognizes the letters inside the white area. Courier 20 82.7 %
Recognizing the character of the white areas, then move on Dark lighting 10 13.1 %
to the results screen. Tilt 7 66.4 %
Special fonts 5 9.3 %
button : Recognize the letters of the screen. Small font size 5 54.2 %
The recognition result is shown as follows. Fig 2 shows Wide letter space 14 75.1 %
original document with English language. After being Narrow letter space 14 51.8 %
captured by smart phone camera, the data is processed by
binarization for object segmentation. Then we can see the Because English is the completion character, this
recognition results on the screen of smart phone as shown in reason seems to affect recognition rates. Result of testing in
Fig. 4. a dark place is not good. The following test was tilted letters.
If we exceed 30 ° inclined angle of characters, the
recognition success rate was too low. So, the characters of
10 ° ~ 30 ° were tested. The case of a sentence of less than
30 ° was not recognized satisfactorily but recognized in
some degree. Spatial fonts are required according to the
shape in the font database. A relatively simple form of the
character in the simulation of the character size was
accurately recognized, but the case of 'Q, R, G, M' seemed
to be difficult to recognize. A broad statement of the
Fig. 2. Example of original document for recognition
characters interval showed good result instead of relatively
narrow letter spacing.
2) Korean
Table II shows the recognition rate for Korean language.
Table II. Recognition for Korean
Number of Recognition
Document type
characters rate
Fig. 3. Binarization of captured data
Courier 20 65.4 %
Dark lighting 10 5.2 %
Tilt 7 43.1 %
Special fonts 5 4.8 %
Small font size 5 44.2 %
Wide letter space 14 64.7 %
Narrow letter space 14 39.8 %
Test results showed good recognition results.
Character recognition rate was high for relatively simple
characters consisting of consonants and vowels. Character
Fig. 4. Screen shot of an example of recognition result combination of Consonant + vowel + consonant into 3
pieces showed less recognition rate, depending on the form
III. SIMULATION RESULTS of the characters. According to the intensity of the light, the
For performance of recognition, we simulate the
results were similar to the English test. Similarly, the slope
proposed character recognition system to various characters
of the characters beyond 30 ° was difficult to obtain good
such as English, Korean, Japanese, and Chinese.
recognition rate. Some credibility to test unusual fonts could
We calculate the recognition rate (R) as performance fall. Unusual font standards were vague. Recognition
criterion of recognition; success rate was low. The end of characters are made up of
straight lines gave satisfactory recognition results but special
Number of correctly recognized character fonts were difficult to be recognized. Fonts and characters in
R
Total number of character order to recognize should be added to the database for each
font. The sentence of a wide letter spacing was recognized
1) English without difficulty, but for a sentence of between narrow
English language was recognized relatively high. We can characters, depending on the spacing between the characters,
see the recognition rate from the Table I. the result was much different. Test showed slightly different
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3. International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER)
www.ijmer.com Vol.2, Issue.6, Nov-Dec. 2012 pp-4091-4093 ISSN: 2249-6645
results, depending on the characteristics of each character. test were progressed in Chinese Simplified character based
The character having the white space to the right of the on such as Times New Roman, Courier fonts. Tesseract
letters such as “ㅏ, ㅑ” showed some results, but vice versa database was used for Chinese Simplified testing. Chinese
was somewhat different. character forms of Korean similarly, but the number of
3) Japanese combinations of letters surpasses number of characters for
Table III shows the recognition rate for Japanese language. each of Korean consonants, vowels. Documents of Courier,
wide margins between characters, and simple form were
Table II. Recognition for Japanese similarly recognized relatively good. Because Kanji is
complex, even if successful, the recognition rate was not
Number of Recognition high.
Document type
characters rate
Courier 20 58.8 % IV. CONCLUSION
In this paper, character recognition system was
Dark lighting 10 6.2 %
implemented by using the Android smart phones. The
Tilt 7 31.5 % implementation process of the system was described to
Special fonts 5 12.1 % recognize the characters in the document using the camera
Small font size 5 20.3 % screen.
Photo data taken by a smart phone can be
Wide letter space 14 49.2 %
compared with the database of the system, then the
Narrow letter space 14 35.9 % characters can be recognized, the recognized character can
be created to a text file to take advantage of the as
The case of Japanese character is also tested under applications of the Internet and pre-retrieval and various
the same conditions such as Korean, English. Testing fonts strategies Smart phones character recognition system does
are Times New Roman, Courier. Japanese forms a not need hardware such as a computer or a scanner.
completion character as Hiragana and Katakana or a Therefore, there are the advantages that the recognition
combination character as Kanji. So the recognition rate cannot be spatially restricted and simple character
depends on the combination of recognized characters. recognition is possible.
Completion characters such as Hiragana and Katakana
showed a high recognition rate. However, Chinese V. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
characters that are diverse in form had a problem to be This work was supported by Dongeui University Foundation
recognized. Except in the case of the simple Kanji, Kanji Grant (2012AA180). Corresponding author: Soon-kak
gets complicated higher, recognition rate dropped Kwon
accordingly. The number of Japanese Kanji was much
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