This chapter discusses forces and Newton's laws of motion. It defines force as a push or pull and mass as a measure of the amount of stuff in an object. Newton's first law states that an object remains at rest or in motion unless acted on by a net force. The second law states that acceleration is directly proportional to net force and inversely proportional to mass. Newton's third law is that every action has an equal and opposite reaction. Other topics covered include weight, friction, tension, and equilibrium.
Putter King Education - Physics (Level 2)putterking
Here you can learn all about the physics concepts that are hidden in miniature golf. Visit www.putterking.com for more info.
Level 2 - Princess
Area of focus: force and motion
Topics covered:
> Force
> Gravity
> Law of Universal Gravitation
> Mass vs. weight
> Newton’s First Law of Motion
> Newton’s Second Law of Motion
> Newton’s Third Law of Motion
Strong Nuclear Force and Quantum Vacuum as Gravity (FUNDAMENTAL TENSOR)SergioPrezFelipe
Publication at ccsenet. Gravity explained by a new theory, ‘Superconducting String Theory (SST)’, completely opposite from current field emission based and inspired on originals string theories. Strengths are decomposed to make strings behave as one-dimensional structure with universe acting as a superconductor where resistance is near 0 and the matter moves inside. Strong nuclear force, with an attraction of 10.000 Newtons is which makes space to curve, generating acceleration, more matter more acceleration. Electromagnetic moves in 8 decimals, gravity is moved to more than 30 decimals to work as a superconductor.
En la ultima temática de este año, hablaremos sobre los parámetros físicos de una de las incógnitas que estremecen a todos los físicos del mundo entero.
Putter King Education - Physics (Level 2)putterking
Here you can learn all about the physics concepts that are hidden in miniature golf. Visit www.putterking.com for more info.
Level 2 - Princess
Area of focus: force and motion
Topics covered:
> Force
> Gravity
> Law of Universal Gravitation
> Mass vs. weight
> Newton’s First Law of Motion
> Newton’s Second Law of Motion
> Newton’s Third Law of Motion
Strong Nuclear Force and Quantum Vacuum as Gravity (FUNDAMENTAL TENSOR)SergioPrezFelipe
Publication at ccsenet. Gravity explained by a new theory, ‘Superconducting String Theory (SST)’, completely opposite from current field emission based and inspired on originals string theories. Strengths are decomposed to make strings behave as one-dimensional structure with universe acting as a superconductor where resistance is near 0 and the matter moves inside. Strong nuclear force, with an attraction of 10.000 Newtons is which makes space to curve, generating acceleration, more matter more acceleration. Electromagnetic moves in 8 decimals, gravity is moved to more than 30 decimals to work as a superconductor.
En la ultima temática de este año, hablaremos sobre los parámetros físicos de una de las incógnitas que estremecen a todos los físicos del mundo entero.
Force and Mass;
Types of Forces;
Contact forces;
Field forces;
Newtons laws of motion;
Sample Examples;
Explanation;
It’s not Newton’s Laws;
Its Rishi Kanad laws;
Proof of stolen three laws of motion;
This is a re-purposed presentation, the information provided was taken from the works of the people who are acknowledged in the last slide of this presentation about the Newtons Law of Motions...Enjoy!!!
Similar to Chapter4powerpoint 090829163925-phpapp02 (20)
2. 4.1 The Concepts of Force and Mass
A force is a push or a pull.
Arrows are used to represent forces. The length of the arrow
is proportional to the magnitude of the force.
15 N
5N
3. 4.1 The Concepts of Force and Mass
Mass is a measure of the amount
of “stuff” contained in an object.
4. 4.2 Newton’s First Law of Motion
Newton’s First Law (Law of Inertia)
An object continues in a state of rest
or in a state of motion at a constant
Speed unless changed by a net force
The net force is the SUM of all
of the forces acting on an object.
5. 4.2 Newton’s First Law of Motion
The net force on an object is the sum of all forces
acting on that object.
Individual Forces Net Force
4N 10 N 6N
6. 4.3 Newton’s Second Law of Motion
SI Unit for Force
m kg ⋅ m
( kg ) 2 = 2
s s
This combination of units is called a newton (N).
7. 4.2 Newton’s First Law of Motion
Individual Forces Net Force
5N
36
3N
4N
8. 4.2 Newton’s First Law of Motion
The mass of an object is a quantitative
measure of inertia.
SI Unit of Mass: kilogram (kg)
9. 4.3 Newton’s Second Law of Motion
Mathematically, the net force is
written as
F ∑
where the Greek letter sigma
denotes the vector sum.
10. 4.3 Newton’s Second Law of Motion
Newton’s Second Law
When a net external force acts on an object
of mass m, the acceleration that results is
directly proportional to the net force and has
a magnitude that is inversely proportional to
the mass. The direction of the acceleration is
the same as the direction of the net force.
a=
∑ F
∑
F = ma
m
11. 4.3 Newton’s Second Law of Motion
A free-body-diagram is a diagram that
represents the object and the forces that
act on it.
12. 4.3 Newton’s Second Law of Motion
The net force in this case is:
275 N + 395 N – 560 N = +110 N
and is directed along the + x axis of the coordinate system.
13. 4.4 The Vector Nature of Newton’s Second Law
The direction of force and acceleration vectors
can be taken into account by using x and y
components.
∑ F = ma
is equivalent to
∑F y = ma y ∑ Fx = ma x
15. 4.4 The Vector Nature of Newton’s Second Law
The net force on the raft can be calculated
in the following way:
Force x component y component
+17 N 0N
P
+(15 N) cos67 +(15 N) sin67
A
+23 N +14 N
16. 4.4 The Vector Nature of Newton’s Second Law
ax =
∑F x
=
+ 23 N
= +0.018 m s 2
m 1300 kg
ay =
∑F y
=
+ 14 N
= +0.011 m s 2
m 1300 kg
17. 4.5 Newton’s Third Law of Motion
Newton’s Third Law of Motion
Whenever one body exerts a force on a
second body, the second body exerts an
oppositely directed force of equal
magnitude on the first body.
18. 4.5 Newton’s Third Law of Motion
Suppose that the magnitude of the force is 36 N. If the mass
of the spacecraft is 11,000 kg and the mass of the astronaut
is 92 kg, what are the accelerations?
19. 4.5 Newton’s Third Law of Motion
On the spacecraft ∑
F = P.
On the astronaut ∑ F = − P.
P + 36 N
as = = = +0.0033 m s 2
ms 11,000 kg
− P − 36 N
aA = = = −0.39 m s 2
mA 92 kg
20. 4.6 Types of Forces: An Overview
Examples of different forces:
Friction force
Tension force
Normal force
Weight (Force due to gravity)
Gravitational Force
Magnetic Force
Electric Force
21. 4.7 The Gravitational Force
Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation
Every particle in the universe exerts an attractive force on every
other particle.
22. 4.7 The Gravitational Force
For two particles that have masses m1 and m2 and are
separated by a distance r, the force has a magnitude
given by
m1m2
F =G 2
r
G = 6.673 ×10 −11 N ⋅ m 2 kg 2
23. 4.7 The Gravitational Force
m1m2
F =G 2
r
(
= 6.67 × 10 −11
N ⋅ m kg
2 2
) (12 kg )( 25 kg )
(1.2 m ) 2
−8
= 1.4 ×10 N
25. 4.7 The Gravitational Force
Definition of Weight
The weight of an object on or above the earth is the
gravitational force that the earth exerts on the object. The
weight always acts downwards, toward the center
of the earth.
SI Unit of Weight: newton (N)
26. 4.8 The Normal Force
Definition of the Normal Force
The normal force is one component of the force that a surface
exerts on an object with which it is in contact –
perpendicular to the surface.
27. 4.8 The Normal Force
FN − 11 N − 15 N = 0
FN = 26 N
FN + 11 N − 15 N = 0
FN = 4 N
28. 4.8 The Normal Force
Apparent Weight
The apparent weight of an object is the reading of the scale.
It is equal to the normal force the man exerts on the scale.
29. 4.8 The Normal Force
∑F y = + FN − mg = ma
FN = mg + ma
true
apparent weight
weight
30. 4.9 Static and Kinetic Frictional Forces
When an object is in contact with a surface there is a force
acting on that object. The component of this force that is
parallel to the surface is called the
frictional force.
31. 4.9 Static and Kinetic Frictional Forces
When the two surfaces are
not sliding across one another
the friction is called
static friction.
32. 4.9 Static and Kinetic Frictional Forces
The magnitude of the static frictional force can have any value
from zero up to a maximum value.
f s = µ s FN
0 < µs < 1 is called the coefficient of static friction.
33. 4.9 Static and Kinetic Frictional Forces
Note that the magnitude of the frictional force does
not depend on the contact area of the surfaces.
What does it depend on???
34. 4.9 Static and Kinetic Frictional Forces
Static friction opposes the impending relative motion between
two objects.
Kinetic friction opposes the relative sliding motion motions that
actually does occur.
f k = µ k FN
0 < µs < 1 is called the coefficient of kinetic friction.
36. 4.9 Static and Kinetic Frictional Forces
The sled comes to a halt because the kinetic frictional force
opposes its motion and causes the sled to slow down.
37. 4.9 Static and Kinetic Frictional Forces
Suppose the coefficient of kinetic friction is 0.05 and the total
mass is 40kg. What is the kinetic frictional force?
f k = µ k FN = µ k mg =
(
0.05( 40kg ) 9.80 m s = 20 N 2
)
38. 4.10 The Tension Force
Cables and ropes transmit
forces through tension.
39. 4.11 Equilibrium Application of Newton’s Laws of Motion
Definition of Equilibrium
An object is in equilibrium when it has zero acceleration.
∑ Fx = 0
∑ Fy = 0
40. 4.11 Equilibrium Application of Newton’s Laws of Motion
Reasoning Strategy
• Draw a free-body diagram.
Include only forces acting on the object, not forces the object
exerts on its environment.
• Choose a set of x, y axes for each object and resolve all forces
in the free-body diagram into components that point along these
axes.
• Apply the equations and solve for the unknown quantities.
42. 4.11 Equilibrium Application of Newton’s Laws of Motion
Force x component y component
T1 − T1 sin 10.0 + T1 cos 10.0
T2 + T2 sin 80.0 − T2 cos 80.0
W 0 −W
W = 3150 N
43. 4.11 Equilibrium Application of Newton’s Laws of Motion
∑ Fx = − T1 sin 10.0 + T2 sin 80.0 = 0
∑F y = + T1 cos 10.0 − T2 cos 80.0 − W = 0
sin 80.0
The first equation gives T1 =
sin 10.0 T
2
Substitution into the second gives
sin 80.0
T2 cos10.0 − T2 cos 80.0 − W = 0
sin 10.0
44. 4.11 Equilibrium Application of Newton’s Laws of Motion
W
T2 =
sin 80.0
cos10.0 − cos 80.0
sin 10.0
T2 = 582 N T1 = 3.30 × 10 N 3