Chapter+49+ Sensory+And+ Motor+ Mechanism
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The document summarizes key structures and functions of the eye, ear, and skeletal system. It describes important parts of the eye like the sclera, iris, retina, and optic nerve. It also outlines the outer, middle and inner ear structures. Additionally, it discusses the roles of the skeleton in support, protection and movement. The document then explains muscle contraction processes and distinguishes between three main muscle types.
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Ap chap 50 sensory perception and motor action
The document summarizes sensory and motor mechanisms in the human body. It describes how sensing, analysis, and action are ongoing and overlapping processes in the brain. Sensory receptors convert stimulus energy like pressure, chemicals, light, and temperature into action potentials. The limbic region determines the importance of sensory input. Hearing and balance both use hair cells in the inner ear that detect fluid movements. Taste and smell receptors detect chemicals and signal the brain. Vision uses rods and cones in the retina that contain photopigments to detect light. Muscle contraction occurs via the sliding filament model as myosin cross-bridges pull actin fibers toward the center of the sarcomere.
Ch 50 sensory & motor mechanisms
Sensory receptors convert stimulus energy into action potentials that travel along sensory neurons to the brain. The brain then interprets these sensations and perceptions. There are many types of sensory receptors that detect stimuli like touch, sound, temperature and more. Sensory receptors generate receptor potentials that lead to action potentials, which transmit signals through sensory pathways to the brain.
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The nervous system is composed of neurons and glial cells. Neurons transmit signals through electrical impulses called action potentials. Communication between neurons occurs at synapses through neurotransmitters. The vertebrate nervous system includes the central nervous system, which processes information, and the peripheral nervous system, which connects to sensory organs and muscles. The brain contains specialized regions that control functions like movement, senses, emotions, and consciousness.
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Ap chap 50 sensory perception and motor action
The document summarizes sensory and motor mechanisms in the human body. It describes how sensing, analysis, and action are ongoing and overlapping processes in the brain. Sensory receptors convert stimulus energy like pressure, chemicals, light, and temperature into action potentials. The limbic region determines the importance of sensory input. Hearing and balance both use hair cells in the inner ear that detect fluid movements. Taste and smell receptors detect chemicals and signal the brain. Vision uses rods and cones in the retina that contain photopigments to detect light. Muscle contraction occurs via the sliding filament model as myosin cross-bridges pull actin fibers toward the center of the sarcomere.
Ch 50 sensory & motor mechanisms
Sensory receptors convert stimulus energy into action potentials that travel along sensory neurons to the brain. The brain then interprets these sensations and perceptions. There are many types of sensory receptors that detect stimuli like touch, sound, temperature and more. Sensory receptors generate receptor potentials that lead to action potentials, which transmit signals through sensory pathways to the brain.
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The nervous system is composed of neurons and glial cells. Neurons communicate via electrical and chemical signals to control all body functions. The nervous system is divided into the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and peripheral nervous system (nerves). The peripheral system connects the central system to the rest of the body. Within the central system, sensory neurons carry stimuli from receptors to the brain and spinal cord, motor neurons carry signals from the central system to effectors like muscles and glands, and interneurons connect sensory and motor neurons.
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The document summarizes the organization and functions of the nervous system. It discusses the following key points:
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2. There are three major levels of the central nervous system - the spinal cord level controls basic reflexes, the lower brain/subcortical level controls subconscious functions, and the higher brain/cortical level is responsible for thought processes and stores memories.
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The document summarizes the structure and function of the nervous system in three main divisions:
1) The central nervous system (CNS) consists of the brain and spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system (PNS) consists of the nerve network outside the CNS.
2) Neuroglia are supportive cells in the nervous system that form myelin sheaths and blood-brain barriers. The most numerous neuroglial cell is the astrocyte.
3) Neurons handle communication in the nervous system and are classified as sensory, motor, or interneurons. Impulse conduction in neurons involves changes in membrane potential and the firing of action potentials.
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The document provides an overview of the nervous system, including its main components and functions. It discusses that the nervous system consists of the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and peripheral nervous system. The peripheral nervous system is further divided into the somatic, autonomic, and enteric nervous systems. The nervous system allows for sensory functions like perception, integrative functions like processing sensory information, and motor functions like initiating movement. It describes the basic structures of the nervous system, including neurons, nerves, and sensory receptors.
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The document summarizes key concepts about the nervous system including:
- Neurons are the basic structural and functional units that transmit electrochemical signals called nerve impulses. Nerves are bundles of axons.
- The central nervous system (CNS) contains gray matter with neuron cell bodies and unmyelinated axons, and white matter with bundles of myelinated axons.
- There are three main types of neurons - sensory, interneurons, and motor neurons. Neuroglial cells provide support and insulation for neurons in the CNS.
- The peripheral nervous system connects the CNS to other body parts and allows sensory input, integrative processing, and motor output functions.
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Neurons are the basic unit of the nervous system. There are trillions of neurons that coordinate the functions of the human body through two main control systems: the endocrine system and the nervous system. The nervous system is composed of the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and peripheral nervous system (nerves connecting the CNS to other parts of the body). Neurons transmit signals through electrical impulses and chemical messengers called neurotransmitters. The basic parts of a neuron are the cell body, dendrites which receive signals, the axon which transmits signals, and axon terminals which release neurotransmitters. Neurons are classified as afferent, efferent, or interneurons depending
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The nervous system is a highly organized network of billions of nerve cells that functions as the control center of the body. It has two main divisions - the central nervous system comprising the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system outside of these. Nerve cells called neurons are specialized to conduct electrical signals called action potentials that allow communication within the nervous system. Neurons have cell bodies and long processes called axons that transmit signals. They communicate with other neurons at junctions called synapses using chemical messenger molecules. The coordinated functions of sensation, integration and response enabled by this neuronal signaling allow the nervous system to monitor and control all bodily functions.
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Unit IV -
Peripheral nervous system
Classification of peripheral nervous system: Structure and functions of
sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system.
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The sensory organs detect stimuli from the environment and transmit this information to the brain. The main sensory organs are the eyes, ears, nose, tongue and skin. The eyes detect light, ears detect sound, nose detects smell, tongue detects taste and skin detects touch, pressure, temperature and pain. Within each sensory organ are specialized receptor cells that detect specific stimuli like light, sound, chemicals etc. The stimuli are converted to electrical signals that travel along sensory nerves to the brain which interprets these signals as the different senses.
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1. The document discusses the structure and function of skeletal muscle, including the microscopic structure of sarcomeres and how they facilitate muscle contraction via the sliding filament model.
2. It also describes how motor neurons initiate muscle contraction through the transmission of action potentials and release of acetylcholine, triggering the release of calcium ions and cross-bridge cycling of actin and myosin fibers.
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The document summarizes the structure and function of the three main types of muscle tissue - skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscle. It describes the key components of skeletal muscle including muscle fibers, sarcomeres and myofilaments. The sliding filament model of muscle contraction is explained, whereby interaction between the thick and thin myofilaments causes sarcomeres to shorten and muscles to contract.
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MUSCLE physiology assignment and good notes for exam
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