This chapter introduces key concepts about computer systems and programming. It discusses hardware and software components, and how they work together to input, process, and output data. The chapter outlines the program development cycle of understanding a problem, planning logic, coding, testing, and maintaining a program. It also describes using pseudocode, flowcharts and loops to represent program logic, and sentinel values to end repetitive processes. Different programming environments and interfaces are introduced. Finally, the evolution of programming models from procedural to object-oriented paradigms is summarized.
This chapter discusses key concepts in computer programming including computer systems, the program development cycle, pseudocode, flowcharts, repetition, and programming environments. It covers hardware and software components, the steps to understand a problem, plan logic, code, test, and maintain a program. Pseudocode and flowcharts are presented as tools to plan program logic. Loops and sentinel values are introduced as ways to repeat instructions without creating infinite loops. Programming environments like text editors and IDEs are contrasted with user environments like command lines and GUIs. Finally, procedural and object-oriented programming models are discussed.
This chapter introduces computer systems and programming, covering hardware, software, programming languages, and the program development cycle. It describes using pseudocode and flowcharts to plan program logic before coding. Testing and debugging programs is discussed, as well as different programming environments and models that have evolved over time. The key steps in programming are understanding the problem, planning the logic, coding, testing, and maintaining programs.
A Beginner’s Guide to Programming Logic, Introductory
Chapter 1
An Overview of Computers and
Programming
Objectives
In this chapter, you will learn about:
- Computer systems
- Simple program logic
- The steps involved in the program development cycle
- Pseudocode statements and flowchart symbols
- Using a sentinel value to end a program
- Programming and user environments
- The evolution of programming models
COURSE TECHNOLOGY
CENGAGE Learning
This document discusses key concepts in programming logic and design, including understanding computer components and operations, the programming process, flowchart symbols and pseudocode, variables, data types, and programming techniques. Specifically, it outlines the seven phases of the programming process as defining the problem, outlining the solution, developing an algorithm, testing the algorithm, coding, running the program, and documenting. It also describes flowchart symbols such as processing, input, output, and connectors.
Programming requirements for beginning in software engineering.pptxTeddyDaka
This document provides an introduction to algorithms and programming. It begins by defining what a computer is and its basic components. It then discusses why computers are used and the need for programming. The document outlines the different types of programming languages and defines key terms like data, information, knowledge, programs, and programmers. It describes the basic steps involved in programming like requirements, analysis, design, testing, and documentation. Finally, it introduces algorithms and the common tools used to represent them, flowcharts and pseudocode, describing the basic symbols and syntax used for each.
The document discusses the fundamentals of programming with C++, including an introduction to programming concepts like algorithms and pseudocode, an overview of the software development life cycle and its steps, and getting started with C++ by setting up tools and environments and writing a simple "Hello World!" program. It provides background on C++ and explains why it is a widely used language for developing applications requiring performance and efficiency.
The document discusses compilers and their role in translating high-level programming languages into machine-readable code. It notes that compilers perform several key functions: lexical analysis, syntax analysis, generation of an intermediate representation, optimization of the intermediate code, and finally generation of assembly or machine code. The compiler allows programmers to write code in a high-level language that is easier for humans while still producing efficient low-level code that computers can execute.
Computer programs contain instructions that tell computers what to do. Programs are written using programming languages as computers only understand machine code. There are different types of programming languages including machine language, assembly language, and high-level languages. High-level languages are easier for humans to read but must be compiled into machine code for computers to execute. Programming involves defining a problem, describing inputs and outputs, developing an algorithmic solution, and testing the program.
This chapter discusses key concepts in computer programming including computer systems, the program development cycle, pseudocode, flowcharts, repetition, and programming environments. It covers hardware and software components, the steps to understand a problem, plan logic, code, test, and maintain a program. Pseudocode and flowcharts are presented as tools to plan program logic. Loops and sentinel values are introduced as ways to repeat instructions without creating infinite loops. Programming environments like text editors and IDEs are contrasted with user environments like command lines and GUIs. Finally, procedural and object-oriented programming models are discussed.
This chapter introduces computer systems and programming, covering hardware, software, programming languages, and the program development cycle. It describes using pseudocode and flowcharts to plan program logic before coding. Testing and debugging programs is discussed, as well as different programming environments and models that have evolved over time. The key steps in programming are understanding the problem, planning the logic, coding, testing, and maintaining programs.
A Beginner’s Guide to Programming Logic, Introductory
Chapter 1
An Overview of Computers and
Programming
Objectives
In this chapter, you will learn about:
- Computer systems
- Simple program logic
- The steps involved in the program development cycle
- Pseudocode statements and flowchart symbols
- Using a sentinel value to end a program
- Programming and user environments
- The evolution of programming models
COURSE TECHNOLOGY
CENGAGE Learning
This document discusses key concepts in programming logic and design, including understanding computer components and operations, the programming process, flowchart symbols and pseudocode, variables, data types, and programming techniques. Specifically, it outlines the seven phases of the programming process as defining the problem, outlining the solution, developing an algorithm, testing the algorithm, coding, running the program, and documenting. It also describes flowchart symbols such as processing, input, output, and connectors.
Programming requirements for beginning in software engineering.pptxTeddyDaka
This document provides an introduction to algorithms and programming. It begins by defining what a computer is and its basic components. It then discusses why computers are used and the need for programming. The document outlines the different types of programming languages and defines key terms like data, information, knowledge, programs, and programmers. It describes the basic steps involved in programming like requirements, analysis, design, testing, and documentation. Finally, it introduces algorithms and the common tools used to represent them, flowcharts and pseudocode, describing the basic symbols and syntax used for each.
The document discusses the fundamentals of programming with C++, including an introduction to programming concepts like algorithms and pseudocode, an overview of the software development life cycle and its steps, and getting started with C++ by setting up tools and environments and writing a simple "Hello World!" program. It provides background on C++ and explains why it is a widely used language for developing applications requiring performance and efficiency.
The document discusses compilers and their role in translating high-level programming languages into machine-readable code. It notes that compilers perform several key functions: lexical analysis, syntax analysis, generation of an intermediate representation, optimization of the intermediate code, and finally generation of assembly or machine code. The compiler allows programmers to write code in a high-level language that is easier for humans while still producing efficient low-level code that computers can execute.
Computer programs contain instructions that tell computers what to do. Programs are written using programming languages as computers only understand machine code. There are different types of programming languages including machine language, assembly language, and high-level languages. High-level languages are easier for humans to read but must be compiled into machine code for computers to execute. Programming involves defining a problem, describing inputs and outputs, developing an algorithmic solution, and testing the program.
This document provides an overview of programming in C++. It discusses computer hardware components like the CPU and memory and how programs are run. It also covers software components like operating systems and development tools. The document explains the programming process from defining a problem to validating a solution. Key concepts in C++ like variables, data types, and operators are introduced. Input, processing, and output are described as common steps in many programs.
This lecture introduces programming fundamentals and Python. It discusses what programming is, the process of translating source code into machine-readable instructions, and program design using pseudocode and flowcharts. Program design tools like pseudocode and flowcharts allow programmers to plan programs' logic and structure before writing the actual code. The lecture also provides an overview of Python syntax and variables.
The document summarizes key points from a lecture on software programming. It discusses the five steps of programming: specification, design, coding, testing, and maintenance. It also covers different programming languages from machine language to natural languages. Object-oriented programming and visual programming are introduced as well. Common programming languages mentioned include C++, Python, and .NET.
This document provides an overview of computer languages and the programming process. It discusses machine language as the lowest-level language understood by computers. Higher-level languages like assembly and programming languages make programming easier for humans. It also describes the programming process, which involves defining problems, planning solutions, coding, testing, and documenting programs. Finally, it discusses different types of program translators like assemblers, compilers, and interpreters that translate human-readable code into machine-readable code.
This chapter provides an overview of computers and programming languages. It discusses the hardware and software components of a computer system and how a C++ program is processed. It also describes the evolution of programming languages from machine code to high-level languages like C++. Finally, it covers structured and object-oriented programming methodologies and how problems are solved through analysis, design of algorithms, and implementation in code.
This document provides an introduction to computer programming concepts including computers and information processing, software, programming languages, developing programs, algorithms, and flowcharts. It defines key terms and concepts, describes the characteristics of computers and how they process information. It also explains different types of programming languages like procedural, object-oriented, functional, and logic languages. The document outlines the steps to develop a program including analysis, design, implementation, testing and maintenance. It provides examples of algorithms expressed in pseudocode and discusses the use of flowcharts to represent algorithms graphically using standard symbols.
This chapter covers:
- The most common approaches to program design and development
- The phases of the program development life cycle (PDLC)
- Tools that can be used to design and develop a program
- Good program design techniques and types of program errors
- Common programming languages
This chapter discusses program development and programming languages. It covers the program development life cycle which includes problem analysis, program design, coding, debugging, testing and implementation. It describes different approaches to program design such as procedural, object-oriented and aspect-oriented programming. It also discusses tools that can help facilitate program development like flowcharts, pseudocode and UML diagrams. Finally, it provides an overview of common programming languages like FORTRAN, COBOL, C, C++, Java, Python and Ruby.
The document provides an introduction to computer programming. It discusses what a computer is and its basic parts including hardware and software. It describes the internal and external hardware components. It also explains different types of programming languages from low-level to high-level languages. The document then discusses programming paradigms like procedural, structured, and object-oriented programming. It introduces concepts like algorithms, flowcharts, and the system development life cycle which involves phases from feasibility study to implementation and maintenance.
The document provides an overview of computers and programming languages, describing the hardware and software components of a computer system, the evolution of programming languages from machine code to modern high-level languages like C++, and the typical process of analyzing a problem, designing an algorithm to solve it, implementing the algorithm in code, and executing the program. It also gives examples of algorithms for calculating the perimeter and area of a rectangle to illustrate the problem-solving approach.
This document provides an introduction to programming concepts such as algorithms, pseudocode, and flowcharts. It defines computer programming as the process of writing code to instruct a computer, and explains that programming languages allow users to communicate instructions to computers. The document outlines different types of computer languages including low-level languages like machine language and assembly language, and high-level languages like procedural, functional, and object-oriented languages. It also discusses specialized languages, translator programs, and program logic design tools for solving problems algorithmically through pseudocode and flowcharts.
This document provides an introduction to computer programming fundamentals. It discusses computer hardware components like the CPU, memory, and input/output devices. It also covers software concepts like programming languages, algorithms, and the software development process. Lower-level languages like machine code and assembly are compared to higher-level languages like C++. Object-oriented programming and structured programming methodologies are introduced. The document provides examples of programming language evolution and gives overviews of common programming topics.
This document provides an overview of computers and programming languages. It discusses the evolution of computers from mainframes to personal computers. It also examines the hardware and software components of a computer system, including the CPU, memory, storage, inputs, outputs, and operating system software. The document then explores the evolution of programming languages from machine language to assembly language to high-level languages. It describes how a high-level language program is compiled and executed. Finally, it discusses problem-solving techniques, structured programming, and object-oriented programming.
This chapter discusses different types of business software including application software and system software. It describes the evolution of programming languages from machine language to today's visual programming languages. It also covers topics like object-oriented programming, compilers, interpreters, and popular applications for productivity, collaboration, and multimedia. Emerging technologies discussed include virtual reality, 3D modeling, and tools that allow real-time group work over the internet.
The document provides an overview of problem solving and C programming at a basic knowledge level. It covers various topics including introduction to problem solving, programming languages, introduction to C programming, selection structures, arrays and strings, pointers, functions, structures and unions, and files. The objective is to understand problem solving concepts, appreciate program design, understand C programming elements, and write effective C programs. It discusses steps in program development, algorithms, modular design, coding, documentation, compilation and more.
The document discusses various aspects of developing computer programs and systems. It covers topics like how programmers move from defining a problem to developing an algorithm and writing code. It also discusses programming languages, structured and object-oriented programming methodologies, and the systems development life cycle from analysis through maintenance.
This document is the first chapter of an introduction to programming with C++ textbook. It discusses the basics of programming including the roles of programmers, history of programming languages, and basic control structures used in algorithms. Key points:
- Programmers write step-by-step instructions called programs to tell computers how to perform tasks. Popular languages include C++, C#, Java.
- Early languages included machine code using 1s and 0s and assembly languages using mnemonics. Higher-level languages like C++ allow English-like instructions.
- Programs use three basic control structures - sequence, selection, and repetition. Sequence processes instructions in order. Selection makes decisions. Repetition repeats steps until a condition
The document provides an introduction to programming and problem solving using computers. It discusses the following key points:
- Problem solving involves determining the inputs, outputs, and steps to solve a problem. Computers can be programmed to solve problems more quickly if they involve extensive inputs/outputs or complex/time-consuming methods.
- The software development process includes requirements specification, analysis, design, implementation, testing, and documentation. Algorithms using pseudocode or flowcharts are designed to solve problems.
- Programming languages have evolved from low-level machine languages to high-level languages. Earlier generations like assembly language were more machine-oriented while modern languages are more portable, problem-oriented, and easier for humans to read and write
This document provides an overview of computer programming and the C programming language. It begins by outlining the objectives and fundamentals of computer programming, including the classical model of computing machines, programming languages, compilers, and operating systems. It then describes the von Neumann architecture, low-level machine programming, higher-level languages like assembly and C, and how programs are compiled and executed. The rest of the document demonstrates basic C programming concepts like variables, input/output, and comments through examples.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
This document provides an overview of programming in C++. It discusses computer hardware components like the CPU and memory and how programs are run. It also covers software components like operating systems and development tools. The document explains the programming process from defining a problem to validating a solution. Key concepts in C++ like variables, data types, and operators are introduced. Input, processing, and output are described as common steps in many programs.
This lecture introduces programming fundamentals and Python. It discusses what programming is, the process of translating source code into machine-readable instructions, and program design using pseudocode and flowcharts. Program design tools like pseudocode and flowcharts allow programmers to plan programs' logic and structure before writing the actual code. The lecture also provides an overview of Python syntax and variables.
The document summarizes key points from a lecture on software programming. It discusses the five steps of programming: specification, design, coding, testing, and maintenance. It also covers different programming languages from machine language to natural languages. Object-oriented programming and visual programming are introduced as well. Common programming languages mentioned include C++, Python, and .NET.
This document provides an overview of computer languages and the programming process. It discusses machine language as the lowest-level language understood by computers. Higher-level languages like assembly and programming languages make programming easier for humans. It also describes the programming process, which involves defining problems, planning solutions, coding, testing, and documenting programs. Finally, it discusses different types of program translators like assemblers, compilers, and interpreters that translate human-readable code into machine-readable code.
This chapter provides an overview of computers and programming languages. It discusses the hardware and software components of a computer system and how a C++ program is processed. It also describes the evolution of programming languages from machine code to high-level languages like C++. Finally, it covers structured and object-oriented programming methodologies and how problems are solved through analysis, design of algorithms, and implementation in code.
This document provides an introduction to computer programming concepts including computers and information processing, software, programming languages, developing programs, algorithms, and flowcharts. It defines key terms and concepts, describes the characteristics of computers and how they process information. It also explains different types of programming languages like procedural, object-oriented, functional, and logic languages. The document outlines the steps to develop a program including analysis, design, implementation, testing and maintenance. It provides examples of algorithms expressed in pseudocode and discusses the use of flowcharts to represent algorithms graphically using standard symbols.
This chapter covers:
- The most common approaches to program design and development
- The phases of the program development life cycle (PDLC)
- Tools that can be used to design and develop a program
- Good program design techniques and types of program errors
- Common programming languages
This chapter discusses program development and programming languages. It covers the program development life cycle which includes problem analysis, program design, coding, debugging, testing and implementation. It describes different approaches to program design such as procedural, object-oriented and aspect-oriented programming. It also discusses tools that can help facilitate program development like flowcharts, pseudocode and UML diagrams. Finally, it provides an overview of common programming languages like FORTRAN, COBOL, C, C++, Java, Python and Ruby.
The document provides an introduction to computer programming. It discusses what a computer is and its basic parts including hardware and software. It describes the internal and external hardware components. It also explains different types of programming languages from low-level to high-level languages. The document then discusses programming paradigms like procedural, structured, and object-oriented programming. It introduces concepts like algorithms, flowcharts, and the system development life cycle which involves phases from feasibility study to implementation and maintenance.
The document provides an overview of computers and programming languages, describing the hardware and software components of a computer system, the evolution of programming languages from machine code to modern high-level languages like C++, and the typical process of analyzing a problem, designing an algorithm to solve it, implementing the algorithm in code, and executing the program. It also gives examples of algorithms for calculating the perimeter and area of a rectangle to illustrate the problem-solving approach.
This document provides an introduction to programming concepts such as algorithms, pseudocode, and flowcharts. It defines computer programming as the process of writing code to instruct a computer, and explains that programming languages allow users to communicate instructions to computers. The document outlines different types of computer languages including low-level languages like machine language and assembly language, and high-level languages like procedural, functional, and object-oriented languages. It also discusses specialized languages, translator programs, and program logic design tools for solving problems algorithmically through pseudocode and flowcharts.
This document provides an introduction to computer programming fundamentals. It discusses computer hardware components like the CPU, memory, and input/output devices. It also covers software concepts like programming languages, algorithms, and the software development process. Lower-level languages like machine code and assembly are compared to higher-level languages like C++. Object-oriented programming and structured programming methodologies are introduced. The document provides examples of programming language evolution and gives overviews of common programming topics.
This document provides an overview of computers and programming languages. It discusses the evolution of computers from mainframes to personal computers. It also examines the hardware and software components of a computer system, including the CPU, memory, storage, inputs, outputs, and operating system software. The document then explores the evolution of programming languages from machine language to assembly language to high-level languages. It describes how a high-level language program is compiled and executed. Finally, it discusses problem-solving techniques, structured programming, and object-oriented programming.
This chapter discusses different types of business software including application software and system software. It describes the evolution of programming languages from machine language to today's visual programming languages. It also covers topics like object-oriented programming, compilers, interpreters, and popular applications for productivity, collaboration, and multimedia. Emerging technologies discussed include virtual reality, 3D modeling, and tools that allow real-time group work over the internet.
The document provides an overview of problem solving and C programming at a basic knowledge level. It covers various topics including introduction to problem solving, programming languages, introduction to C programming, selection structures, arrays and strings, pointers, functions, structures and unions, and files. The objective is to understand problem solving concepts, appreciate program design, understand C programming elements, and write effective C programs. It discusses steps in program development, algorithms, modular design, coding, documentation, compilation and more.
The document discusses various aspects of developing computer programs and systems. It covers topics like how programmers move from defining a problem to developing an algorithm and writing code. It also discusses programming languages, structured and object-oriented programming methodologies, and the systems development life cycle from analysis through maintenance.
This document is the first chapter of an introduction to programming with C++ textbook. It discusses the basics of programming including the roles of programmers, history of programming languages, and basic control structures used in algorithms. Key points:
- Programmers write step-by-step instructions called programs to tell computers how to perform tasks. Popular languages include C++, C#, Java.
- Early languages included machine code using 1s and 0s and assembly languages using mnemonics. Higher-level languages like C++ allow English-like instructions.
- Programs use three basic control structures - sequence, selection, and repetition. Sequence processes instructions in order. Selection makes decisions. Repetition repeats steps until a condition
The document provides an introduction to programming and problem solving using computers. It discusses the following key points:
- Problem solving involves determining the inputs, outputs, and steps to solve a problem. Computers can be programmed to solve problems more quickly if they involve extensive inputs/outputs or complex/time-consuming methods.
- The software development process includes requirements specification, analysis, design, implementation, testing, and documentation. Algorithms using pseudocode or flowcharts are designed to solve problems.
- Programming languages have evolved from low-level machine languages to high-level languages. Earlier generations like assembly language were more machine-oriented while modern languages are more portable, problem-oriented, and easier for humans to read and write
This document provides an overview of computer programming and the C programming language. It begins by outlining the objectives and fundamentals of computer programming, including the classical model of computing machines, programming languages, compilers, and operating systems. It then describes the von Neumann architecture, low-level machine programming, higher-level languages like assembly and C, and how programs are compiled and executed. The rest of the document demonstrates basic C programming concepts like variables, input/output, and comments through examples.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...gerogepatton
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Applications (NLAIM 2024) offers a premier global platform for exchanging insights and findings in the theory, methodology, and applications of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their applications. The conference seeks substantial contributions across all key domains of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their practical applications, aiming to foster both theoretical advancements and real-world implementations. With a focus on facilitating collaboration between researchers and practitioners from academia and industry, the conference serves as a nexus for sharing the latest developments in the field.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapte...University of Maribor
Slides from talk presenting:
Aleš Zamuda: Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapter and Networking.
Presentation at IcETRAN 2024 session:
"Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS
Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation"
IEEE Slovenia GRSS
IEEE Serbia and Montenegro MTT-S
IEEE Slovenia CIS
11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL, ELECTRONIC AND COMPUTING ENGINEERING
3-6 June 2024, Niš, Serbia
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024Rahul
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMSIJNSA Journal
The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELgerogepatton
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
New techniques for characterising damage in rock slopes.pdf
chapter1-161229182113 (1).pdf
1. Programming Logic and Design
Eighth Edition
Chapter 1
An Overview of Computers and
Programming
2. Objectives
In this chapter, you will learn about:
• Computer systems
• Simple program logic
• The steps involved in the program development cycle
• Pseudocode statements and flowchart symbols
• Using a sentinel value to end a program
• Programming and user environments
• The evolution of programming models
2
Programming Logic and Design, Eighth Edition
3. Understanding Computer Systems
• Computer system
– Combination of all the components required to process
and store data using a computer
• Hardware
– Equipment associated with a computer
• Software
– Computer instructions
– Tells the hardware what to do
– Programs
• Instructions written by programmers
3
Programming Logic and Design, Eighth Edition
4. Understanding Computer Systems (continued)
– Application software such as word processing,
spreadsheets, payroll and inventory, even games
– System software such as operating systems like Windows,
Linux, or UNIX
• Computer hardware and software accomplish three
major operations
– Input
• Data items such as text, numbers, images, and sound
– Processing
• Calculations and comparisons performed by the central processing
unit (CPU)
4
Programming Logic and Design, Eighth Edition
5. Understanding Computer Systems (continued)
– Output
• Resulting information that is sent to a printer,
a monitor, or storage devices after processing
• A Cloud based device is accessed through the Internet
• Programming language
– Used to write computer instructions called program code
– Writing instructions is called coding the program
– Examples
• Visual Basic, C#, C++, or Java
• Syntax
– Rules governing word usage and punctuation
– Mistakes in a language’s usage are syntax errors
5
Programming Logic and Design, Eighth Edition
6. Understanding Computer Systems (continued)
• Computer memory
– Computer’s temporary, internal storage – random access memory (RAM)
– Volatile memory – lost when the power is off
• Permanent storage devices
– Nonvolatile memory
• Compiler or interpreter
– Translates source code into machine language (binary language)
statements called object code
– Checks for syntax errors
• Program executes or runs
– Input will be accepted, some processing will occur, and results will be
output
6
Programming Logic and Design, Eighth Edition
7. Understanding Simple Program Logic
• Programs with syntax errors cannot execute
• Logical errors
– Errors in program logic produce incorrect output
• Logic of the computer program
– Sequence of specific instructions in specific order
• Variable
– Named memory location whose value can vary
7
Programming Logic and Design, Eighth Edition
8. Understanding the Program
Development Cycle
• Program development cycle
– Understand the problem
– Plan the logic
– Code the program
– Use software (a compiler or interpreter) to translate the
program into machine language
– Test the program
– Put the program into production
– Maintain the program
8
Programming Logic and Design, Eighth Edition
10. Understanding the Problem
• One of the most difficult aspects of programming
• Users or end users
– People for whom a program is written
• Documentation
– Supporting paperwork for a program
10
Programming Logic and Design, Eighth Edition
11. Planning the Logic
• An algorithm is the sequence of steps or rules you
follow to solve a problem
• Most common planning tools
– Flowcharts
– Pseudocode
– IPO charts (input, processing, and output)
– TOE charts (tasks, objects, and events)
• Desk-checking
– Walking through a program’s logic on paper before you
actually write the program
11
Programming Logic and Design, Eighth Edition
12. Coding the Program
• Hundreds of programming languages available
– Choose based on features
– Similar in their basic capabilities
• Coding is easier than the planning step
• Experienced programmers can successfully combine
logic planning and program coding in one step
12
Programming Logic and Design, Eighth Edition
13. Using Software to Translate the
Program into Machine Language
• Translator program
– Compiler or interpreter
– Changes the programmer’s English-like high-level
programming language into the low-level machine
language
• Syntax error
– Misuse of a language’s grammar rules
– Programmer corrects listed syntax errors
– Might need to recompile the code several times
13
Programming Logic and Design, Eighth Edition
14. Using Software to Translate the Program
into Machine Language (continued)
Figure 1-2 Creating an executable program
14
Programming Logic and Design, Eighth Edition
15. Testing the Program
• Logical error
– Results when a syntactically correct statement, but the
wrong one for the current context, is used
• Test
– Execute the program with some sample data to see
whether the results are logically correct
• Debugging is the process of finding and correcting
program errors
• Programs should be tested with many sets of data
15
Programming Logic and Design, Eighth Edition
16. Putting the Program into Production
• Process depends on program’s purpose
– May take several months
• Conversion
– The entire set of actions an organization must take to
switch over to using a new program or set of programs
16
Programming Logic and Design, Eighth Edition
17. Maintaining the Program
• Maintenance
– Making changes after the program is put into production
• Common first programming job
– Maintaining previously written programs
• Make changes to existing programs
– Repeat the development cycle
17
Programming Logic and Design, Eighth Edition
18. Using Pseudocode Statements
and Flowchart Symbols
• Pseudocode
– English-like representation of the logical steps it takes to
solve a problem
• Flowchart
– Pictorial representation of the logical steps it takes to solve
a problem
18
Programming Logic and Design, Eighth Edition
19. Writing Pseudocode
• Pseudocode representation of a number-doubling
problem
start
input myNumber
set myAnswer = myNumber * 2
output myAnswer
stop
19
Programming Logic and Design, Eighth Edition
24. Repeating Instructions
• Program in Figure 1-6 only works for one number
• Not feasible to run the program over and over
10,000 times
• Not feasible to add 10,000 lines of code to a
program
• Create a loop (repetition of a series of steps) instead
• Avoid an infinite loop (repeating flow of logic that
never ends)
24
Programming Logic and Design, Eighth Edition
27. Using a Sentinel Value to End
a Program
• Making a decision
– Testing a value
– Decision symbol
• Diamond shape
• Dummy value
– Data-entry value that the user will never need
– Sentinel value
• eof (“end of file”)
– Marker at the end of a file that automatically acts as a
sentinel
27
Programming Logic and Design, Eighth Edition
28. Using a Sentinel Value to End
a Program (continued)
Figure 1-9 Flowchart of number-doubling
program with sentinel value of 0
28
Programming Logic and Design, Eighth Edition
Figure 1-10 Flowchart using eof
29. Understanding Programming
and User Environments
• Understanding Programming Environments
– Text Editor is used to create simple text files
– Integrated Development Environment (IDE) provides an
editor, compiler, and other programming tools
• Microsoft Visual Studio IDE
• Understanding User Environments
– Command Line is a location on your computer screen at
which you type text entries to communicate with the
computer’s operating system
– A graphical user interface, or GUI (pronounced gooey),
allows users to interact with a program in a graphical
environment
29
Programming Logic and Design, Eighth Edition
31. Understanding User Environments (continued)
Figure 1-13 Executing a number-doubling program
in a command-line environment
31
Programming Logic and Design, Eighth Edition
32. Understanding User Environments (continued)
Figure 1-14 Executing a number-doubling program
in a GUI environment
32
Programming Logic and Design, Eighth Edition
33. Understanding the Evolution
of Programming Models
• People have been writing modern computer
programs since the 1940s
• Newer programming languages
– Look much more like natural language
– Are easier to use
– Create self-contained modules or program segments that
can be pieced together in a variety of ways
33
Programming Logic and Design, Eighth Edition
34. Understanding the Evolution
of Programming Models (continued)
• Major models or paradigms used by programmers
– Procedural programming
• Focuses on the procedures that programmers
create
– Object-oriented programming
• Focuses on objects, or “things,” and describes
their features (or attributes) and their
behaviors
34
Programming Logic and Design, Eighth Edition
35. Summary
• Hardware and software accomplish input,
processing, and output
• Logic must be developed correctly
• Logical errors are much more difficult to locate than
syntax errors
• Use flowcharts, pseudocode, IPO charts, and TOE
charts to plan the logic
• Avoid infinite loops by testing for a sentinel value
• Use a text editor or an IDE to enter your program
statements
35
Programming Logic and Design, Eighth Edition