Chapter10
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The document summarizes key aspects of the female reproductive system: 1) It describes the three stages of labor and delivery - dilation, expulsion, and placental stages. 2) It explains menopause as the time when a woman's periods stop due to changes making her unable to get pregnant, normally occurring between ages 45-55. 3) It provides details on a total abdominal hysterectomy-bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy surgery, which is a removal of the uterus, cervix, ovaries, and fallopian tubes, often needed for cancer or potential cancer in the uterus.
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(1) Rigor mortis occurs several hours after death as muscles contract and become rigid due to loss of ATP.
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Role of hormones in lactation
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Week 2
During weeks 3-5 of gestation, the brain, spinal cord and heart begin to develop and the gastrointestinal tract starts forming. Between weeks 4-7, arm and leg buds become visible, the brain divides into areas, and eyes and ears start developing. By week 8, hands and feet have fingers and toes, though they may be webbed, and facial features continue shaping. The document outlines fetal development in 3 week increments, describing how organs, muscles, bones and senses form throughout pregnancy.
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This document describes the anatomy and physiology of the human breast. It details the structures of the breast including lobes, lobules, alveoli and ducts. It explains how the breast develops during pregnancy in preparation for lactation. The document also outlines the four phases of lactation: preparation of breasts, milk synthesis and secretion, milk ejection, and maintenance of lactation. Key hormones involved in each phase are discussed.
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(1) Rigor mortis occurs several hours after death as muscles contract and become rigid due to loss of ATP.
(2) Toward the end of pregnancy, hormonal and mechanical changes cause the uterus to develop strong contractions that expel the baby. Hormonal changes include increasing estrogen and oxytocin levels.
(3) Labor contractions are initially weak but grow stronger through positive feedback as the cervix is stretched, further stimulating contractions. Strong, regular contractions combined with abdominal muscle contractions expel the baby.
NORMAL LABOUR
Normal labour is defined as delivery of a single baby by vertex presentation through the vagina at term, with spontaneous onset and completion within 24 hours, leaving a healthy mother and baby. Labour is caused by hormonal and mechanical factors that lead to cervical dilation and descent and rotation of the fetal head through the birth canal in four stages. The first stage involves cervical dilation. The second stage is the birth of the baby. The third stage is delivery of the placenta, and the fourth involves recovery of the mother. A series of movements including engagement, descent, flexion, internal rotation, and extension help the fetal head navigate the birth canal.
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1. obg glossaries
This document provides definitions for various medical terms related to obstetrics and gynecology. It defines terms such as alpha-fetoprotein, amniocentesis, amnion, amniotic fluid, amniotic sac, anencephaly, and many other terms beginning with letters A through M. Each term is defined concisely and may include a related image for visualization. The document serves as a glossary of OB/GYN terms for medical professionals.
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The document discusses the physiology and management of the normal postpartum period, known as the puerperium. It begins immediately after delivery and lasts around 6 weeks. During this time, the body recovers from pregnancy and returns to a non-pregnant state. The uterus undergoes involution, decreasing in size over weeks. Other organs like the vagina, cervix, and breasts also undergo changes. The woman experiences vaginal bleeding called lochia that gradually decreases over weeks. Overall, the postpartum period involves a woman's body returning to its pre-pregnancy condition.
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The document discusses the postpartum period, also known as the puerperium, which is the time between childbirth and the body returning to its pre-pregnancy state, usually between 6-8 weeks. It describes the immediate puerperium as the first 24 hours, the mediato puerperium from days 2-10, the distant puerperium up to 45 days when menstruation returns, and the late puerperium which can last up to 6 months and involves prolonged breastfeeding. Common symptoms during the puerperium are also listed.
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This document summarizes the mammalian reproductive physiology seminar on parturition (birth process). It discusses the three stages of parturition including cervical dilation and effacement, birthing process, and delivery of the placenta. It also describes the neuroendocrine control of parturition triggered by the fully formed fetus and placenta. Finally, it discusses the postpartum period known as puerperium, where the mother's body returns to its non-pregnant state over 6 weeks.
Role of hormones in lactation
Lactation is the process of milk production in mammary glands that occurs after pregnancy. The major hormones that stimulate lactation are progesterone, estrogen, prolactin, and oxytocin. During pregnancy, estrogen and progesterone prepare the breasts for lactation by stimulating growth of the mammary ducts. After childbirth, levels of these hormones drop which triggers prolactin production and the onset of milk production. Oxytocin causes the let-down reflex when the baby suckles, expressing milk from the alveoli into ducts.
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Normal labor
This document summarizes the stages of normal labor and delivery. It describes the four stages of labor as follows: first stage includes latent and active phases ending with full cervical dilation; second stage involves baby's descent and birth; third stage is placental delivery; fourth stage monitors mother and baby in the first hour postpartum. Key events in each stage like cervical changes, fetal positioning and pushing are outlined. Abnormal presentations like face and brow are also discussed.
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During weeks 3-5 of gestation, the brain, spinal cord and heart begin to develop and the gastrointestinal tract starts forming. Between weeks 4-7, arm and leg buds become visible, the brain divides into areas, and eyes and ears start developing. By week 8, hands and feet have fingers and toes, though they may be webbed, and facial features continue shaping. The document outlines fetal development in 3 week increments, describing how organs, muscles, bones and senses form throughout pregnancy.
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This document describes the anatomy and physiology of the human breast. It details the structures of the breast including lobes, lobules, alveoli and ducts. It explains how the breast develops during pregnancy in preparation for lactation. The document also outlines the four phases of lactation: preparation of breasts, milk synthesis and secretion, milk ejection, and maintenance of lactation. Key hormones involved in each phase are discussed.
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Chapter 10
The document summarizes the stages of labor and delivery in three stages: 1) The dilation stage where the cervix thins and dilates due to uterine contractions and pressure from the fetus; 2) The expulsion stage where the woman is fully dilated and the baby is delivered, usually head first; 3) The placental stage where the placenta is expelled from the uterus after childbirth. It also defines a total abdominal hysterectomy bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy as the removal of the uterus, cervix, ovaries and fallopian tubes, usually to prevent pregnancy.
Chapter 10 a presentation
The document summarizes the stages of labor and delivery, including the dilation stage where the cervix gradually opens from 3 to 10 cm, the expulsion stage where pushing occurs to deliver the baby, and the placental stage where the placenta is delivered. It also defines menopause as the ending of menstrual cycles around age 51 when the ovaries stop functioning. Finally, it provides the medical term for a total hysterectomy where the uterus, cervix, ovaries, and fallopian tubes are all surgically removed, breaking down the term's meaning from its Greek and Latin roots.
Labour and its stages
Series of events that takes place in the genital organ in an effort to expel the viable products of conception out of the womb through the vagina into the outer world is called labour.
there are four stages of labour.
Basic knowledge about delivery process
The document summarizes the three stages of the delivery process:
1) The first stage is when the cervix dilates and the woman experiences contractions to prepare for birth. This stage can take several hours.
2) The second stage occurs when the woman feels the urge to push. As she pushes, the baby moves through the birth canal. This stage usually lasts 1-2 hours.
3) The third stage involves delivering the placenta, which usually happens within 10-12 minutes of birth. The umbilical cord is then cut.
Chapter 10 Presentation - Veronica Martinez
The document provides an overview of the female reproductive system and the process of labor and delivery. It defines key terms like menopause, uterus, dilation, expulsion, and placental. It then discusses menopause in more detail, including what causes it and common symptoms. It also describes the role of the uterus in housing the developing fetus. Finally, it outlines the three stages of labor - dilation of the cervix in stage one, delivery of the baby in stage two, and delivery of the placenta in stage three.
Labour
This document summarizes the stages of labour and management of pain. It describes:
1. Labour is defined as the process of expelling the fetus and placenta from the uterus via contractions after 20 weeks of gestation. It typically occurs between 36-42 weeks.
2. The signs of labour include regular contractions, mucus discharge, and the waters breaking in some cases. Labour progresses through three stages - dilation of the cervix in stage 1; birth of the baby in stage 2; and delivery of the placenta in stage 3.
3. Non-pharmacological approaches to pain management include relaxation, breathing techniques, positioning, water immersion and TENS. Epidural anaest
Ch 10 powerpoint
A gynecologist specializes in treating diseases of the female reproductive organs. An OB/GYN is a physician who both delivers babies and treats diseases of the female reproductive organs. Reasons for visiting an OB/GYN include annual Pap smears and cancer screenings, STI checks, pregnancy planning, and treatment of reproductive disorders. The three stages of labor and delivery are dilation of the cervix, expulsion of the baby, and delivery of the placenta. Total abdominal hysterectomy-bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy refers to the removal of the uterus, cervix, ovaries, and uterine tubes through an abdominal incision, and is one of the longest terms used in medical terminology.
All about making a baby .pptx
The document summarizes the birth process, which consists of three stages: early labor, active labor, pushing and delivery, and delivery of the placenta. Contractions become stronger and more frequent during early and active labor as the cervix dilates. Transition occurs when the cervix is fully dilated and pushing begins. The baby's head emerges during crowning and delivery. Shortly after, the placenta detaches and is delivered.
Reproductive system
The document discusses several topics related to the female reproductive system:
The three stages of labor and delivery - dilation, expulsion, and placental stages. The dilation stage involves cervical dilation until 10 cm. The expulsion stage is delivery of the baby. The placental stage involves expulsion of the placenta.
Menopause typically occurs between ages 40-55 and marks the end of a woman's fertility. Symptoms include irregular periods and hot flashes. Hormone therapy can help alleviate symptoms.
A total abdominal hysterectomy is the removal of the uterus, cervix, ovaries, and fallopian tubes, which can be done through abdominal or vaginal incisions. Reasons for hyster
Chapter 10 Presentation
This document summarizes key aspects of gynecology, including:
1) Gynecology is the study of the female reproductive system including the vagina, ovaries, and uterus, covering topics like pregnancy, contraception, fertility, and diseases.
2) Examinations by gynecologists use tools like speculums and can diagnose issues like infections, incontinence, infertility, and cancer. Therapies include procedures like tubal ligation and laparoscopy.
3) Gestation refers to the 40 week period of fetal development in the womb, which is divided into three trimesters lasting 3 months each.
Clinic of the labor obstetric
The document summarizes key aspects of labor and delivery:
1. The myometrium consists of 4 layers of smooth muscle cells that contract during labor, driven by hormones like oxytocin and prostaglandins, to expel the fetus.
2. Labor progresses through three stages - early labor involving cervical changes, active labor of rapid cervical dilation, and third stage of delivering the placenta.
3. Multiple signs and assessments are used to monitor labor including cervical exams, fetal monitoring, and assessing contractions.
physiology of labor.pdf
The document discusses the physiology of labor, including theories of labor initiation and signs that labor is impending or has begun. It describes five theories for what triggers the start of labor: the uterine stretch theory; oxytocin theory; progesterone deprivation theory; prostaglandin theory; and aging placenta theory. It also outlines seven common premonitory or warning signs that labor may start soon: lightening; Braxton Hicks contractions; maternal energy; weight loss; cervical changes; rupture of membranes; and bloody show. Finally, it provides diagnostic criteria for differentiating true labor contractions from false labor contractions based on regularity, location, changes over time, and impact of activity, as well as comparing cervical changes.
Birthing.ppt
The document summarizes the stages of childbirth from calculating the due date to delivery of the placenta. It describes what happens as the mother nears full term, the three stages of labor (labor, birth of baby, birth of placenta), signs that labor has begun, dilation and effacement of the cervix, managing pain during labor, pushing and delivery of the baby, cutting the umbilical cord, examining the placenta, and the effects of oxytocin after delivery.
20-Birth.ppt
The document summarizes the stages of childbirth from calculating the due date to delivery of the placenta. It describes what happens as the mother nears full term, the three stages of labor (labor, birth of baby, birth of placenta), signs that labor has begun, dilation and effacement of the cervix, managing pain during labor, pushing and delivery of the baby, cutting the umbilical cord, examining the placenta, and the roles of hormones after birth.
Bio120 chapter 10 (a 3 statements)
The female reproductive system consists of internal sex organs like the ovaries and fallopian tubes, and external sex organs like the vagina and vulva. The ovaries produce eggs and hormones, while the fallopian tubes transport eggs to the uterus. The uterus grows a thick lining each month to sustain a potential pregnancy. If fertilization occurs, the embryo will implant and develop in the uterus over 9 months. Labor occurs when contractions help push the baby through the birth canal. Labor has three stages - dilation of the cervix, delivery of the baby, and delivery of the placenta.
Bio120 chapter 10 (a 3 statements)11
The female reproductive system consists of internal sex organs like the ovaries and fallopian tubes, and external sex organs like the vagina and vulva. The ovaries produce eggs and hormones, while the fallopian tubes transport eggs to the uterus. The uterus grows a thick lining each month to sustain a potential pregnancy. If fertilization occurs, the embryo will implant and develop in the uterus over 9 months. Labor occurs when contractions help push the baby through the birth canal. Labor has three stages - dilation of the cervix, delivery of the baby, and delivery of the placenta.
Second stage of labour
This document discusses the four stages of labor: 1) dilation of the cervix, 2) baby moving through the birth canal, 3) delivery of the placenta, and 4) recovery of the mother. It focuses on the second stage where the baby moves from the uterus into the vagina and is born. Key events in this stage include uterine contractions every 2-3 minutes lasting 50-60 seconds and the baby descending through the pelvis. Nursing assessments and interventions are also outlined to monitor labor progress and support the mother through each stage.
physiology labour.pptx
The document summarizes the physiology of labour, including the three stages. The first stage begins with contractions and ends when the cervix is fully dilated. It can be divided into early/latent labour and active labour. Hormonal changes like dropping progesterone and rising oxytocin help initiate labour. The second stage begins at full dilation and ends with baby's birth. Strong contractions help baby descend through soft tissue displacement. The third stage involves separation and delivery of the placenta within 1 hour after birth.
The reproductive systems presentaton
The document discusses the female reproductive system and labor and delivery. It defines gynecology as the medical specialty covering the ovaries, uterus, and vagina. It describes the three stages of labor as dilation of the cervix, expulsion of the baby, and delivery of the placenta. It also defines a total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy as the removal of the uterus, cervix, ovaries, and uterine tubes through abdominal surgery.
Types of delivery And Physiotherapy management after c-section.pptx
This document provides information on different types of childbirth, including:
1. Vaginal delivery - the natural birth process where the baby passes through the birth canal. It has benefits like shorter recovery but risks like respiratory issues for babies.
2. C-section - a surgical procedure where the baby is delivered through incisions in the abdomen and uterus. It may be scheduled or due to complications. Transverse or vertical incisions can be used.
3. Post c-section exercises include belly breathing, pelvic floor exercises, low-impact exercises like wall sits and leg slides, and scar massage to improve range of motion. Always consult a doctor before beginning an exercise routine after c-section.
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Chapter10
- 1. Chapter 10: Reproductive System Ruqayya Salam
- 2. Exercise 10A The three stages of labor and delivery are the dilation stage, the expulsion stage, and the placental stage.
- 3. Dilation Stage The first stage of labor. Uterine muscles contract strongly to expel the fetus. The cervix dilates and thins (effacement).
- 4. Expulsion Stage The second stage of labor. Begins when the cervix dilates to 10 centimeters. The head of the baby appears first (crowning). – Sometimes the baby’s buttocks appears first (breech presentation). Ends with delivery.
- 5. Placental Stage The last stage of labor. The uterus continues to contract. This causes the placenta to be expelled through the vagina.
- 6. Exercise 10A The cessation of menstruation is called menopause.
- 7. Menopause Time in a woman’s life when her periods eventually stop. The body goes through changes so she can no longer get pregnant. Normally occurs in women ages 45-55.
- 8. Symptoms of Menopause Heart pounding or racing Hot flashes & night sweats Skin flushing Insomnia Decreased interest in sex Mood swings Urine leakage Vaginal infections Joint aches and pains
- 9. Lifestyle Changes to Reduce Symptoms Avoid caffeine, alcohol, and spicy foods. Eat soy foods because it contains estrogen. Get plenty of calcium and vitamin D. Exercise regularly. Practice slow, deep breathing. Do Kegel exercises. They strengthen the muscles of the vagina and pelvis.
- 10. Exercise 10A One of the longest terms used in medical terminology refers to the removal of the uterus, cervix, ovaries, and fallopian tubes. This term is total abdominal hysterectomy- bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy.
- 11. Total abdominal hysterectomy- bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy This surgery is needed when there is sign of cancer or possible cancer in the uterus. When everything is removed, the intestines will dip down to fill the space. A usual hospital stay is 3-5 days.
- 12. Total abdominal hysterectomy- bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy There are parts to recovery: physical, emotional, and sexual. Physical recovery includes the healing of the skin and abdominal muscles incisions. – This can take 6 to 8 weeks. Emotional recovery is adjusting and accepting the fact that you have cancer. It also means feeling comfortable with yourself and your body after surgery. Sexual recovery involves returning to your previous patterns of sexual activity .