The document discusses the past, present, and future of user interface software tools. It notes that current interfaces are based on technologies from the 1970s-1990s like monitors, keyboards and mice. Historically, interface evaluation focused on usability factors like thresholds and ceilings. Popular interface tools of the past included window managers, event languages, graphical tools, and scripting languages. The future may include ubiquitous computing with embedded interfaces, new input methods like touchscreens and gestures, hardware acceleration, integrated communication devices, and recognition-based and 3D interfaces to allow for more customization and end-user programming.

1. Past, Present, and Future of
User Interface Software Tools
Muhammad Najib, M.T

2. Background
 All existing software applications are the results of research conducted in
1970-1990’s
 Almost all applications on Windows, UNIX, or Macintosh generally use a set
of materials found at least 15 years ago, for example: monitor screens,
keyboards, and mice, Window managers, GUIs, etc.
 Use of this material to achieve stability, meaning:
Stability for the user: useful for developing his skills in the computer field
Stability for equipment or software developers: useful to improve the
concept of developing equipment and software

3. Historical Perspective
 Themes in equipment evaluation:
The parts of the user interface that are intended: that the
equipment is considered helpful, namely when they are
needed
Threshold and ceiling. "Threshold" is the level of difficulty in
using a system. "Ceiling" is how much the system can do.
The purpose of making the system is at the same time the
system provides a low threshold and high ceiling
Equipment that provides low resistance
The ability of equipment that gives predictions about its
ability to programmers
Tools that can easily help making software a task

4. Historical Perspective (cont.)
 Equipment used for making IMK:
Windows managers and toolkits: provide a basic model of
programming, imaging models and input models
Event languages: its use is considered successful because
it can directly manipulate graphical user interfaces.
Examples include: Apple's HyperCard, Microsoft's Visual
Basic, the Lingo scripting language in Macromedia's Director
Interactive graphical tools: usually use the mouse to create
interfaces. Ex: Visual Basic, Visual C ++, NeXT Interface
Builder, Trillium from Xerox PARC, and MenuLay from the
University of Toronto.

5. Historical Perspective (cont.)
 Component systems: each component is controlled using a
rectangular box on the screen, and the other components
are then inserted next, for example: to make a 'line' then you
can use the 'drawing' component in windows
 Scripting languages: eg C and C ++ languages
 Hypertext: used for creating web sites, eg HTML, XML
 Object-oriented programming: eg: Visual Basic, Visual
FoxPro, etc.

6. Future Prospects and
Visions
 Computers will become commodities:
Caused by the ability of computers that very quickly follow Moore's law
 Ubiquitous computing
Namely the use of computers will be embedded in a variety of different
types of equipment on a variety of different scales, eg mobile phones,
PDAs, notebooks, sound systems, etc.
 Different input and output capabilities
Example: the increasing number of pixels, the higher the resolution, the
more general use of touch-sensitive screens, the change from the use of
the mouse to the stylus

7. Future Prospects and
Visions (cont.)
 Hardware to speed up the manufacture of equipment, and not just from
software, for example: today to make a product prototype can be
accelerated by using AutoCAD software, but for the future not only software
but also can use hardware.
 Equipment for coordinating various types of communication equipment
The function of the computer will turn into a communication tool, for
example: internet access, cellphone, PDA, etc.

8. Future Prospects and
Visions (cont.)
 Recognition-based user interfaces.
Changes in use from the keyboard and mouse to gesture, handwriting,
and speech input and output
 Use of 3-dimensional technology
2-dimensional technology will be replaced with 3 dimensions.
 End-user programming, customization, and scripting.
Because everyone has different desires, so they want to have different
software according to their own tastes, and making programs easier so that
they can create their own