2. VALUE
• Man is not only an animal; he is a person. No other corporeal substance is a
person. Only man is. Man is a person because he has the gift of insight (intellect) and
volition (will).
• The self is the first and most fundamental of values.
• Actions, for example, are values because they are the result of intellect and will ,
motivated towards something desirable.
3. VALUE
• Is intimately related to the search for meaning in human life. For we say that is
meaningful when a man has found something capable of arousing his
commitment to it; something deserving of his best efforts, something worth living
for and, if need be , worth dying for.
• Values are goal of man’s striving , having as their purpose to render human
existence meaningful and to achieve the complete fulfillment of man’s personality
as individual and as a community.
• Values enable man to change, to establish self- control and self- direction.
4. KINDS OF VALUES
1. Biological Values. These are necessary to the physical survival of man as an
organism:
Life and health
Food and Shelter
Work
2. Social Values. These are necessary to the sensual and fulfillment:
Leisure and Sex
Marriage
Family and Home
Parental Authority
Education
3. Rational Values. Those are necessary to the functions and fulfillment of
intellect and will:
Understanding and Control of Nature
Guide and Control of Oneself
Solidarity with fellowmen
Religion
5. MORAL VALUES
• What we consider Moral Values are those that directly pertain to the function of intellect
and will: those choices, decisions, and actions.
• Other values are biological, social, or rational – when they fall within the exercise of man’s
freedom of choice assume the quality of moral.
For Example
the consumption of food is value itself, but over eating is a dis-value or abuse of
food as value.
Von Rintelen in his article “A Realistic Analysis of Value” defines moral value as
“’A qualitatively determined value-in-itself which has a normative character and presupposes
the liberty of possible decision to effectuate real value in concrete acts of varying degree.”
6. CHARACTERISTICS OF MORAL VALUES
1. Moral Values are goods having intrinsic qualities of desirability.
2. Moral Values are universal, that is, they appeal to man as man and to man as a specific
individual.
3. Moral Values are Obligatory. They come as a natural duty, because possession of them is
expected as an integral quality to man as rational creature directed by natural powers towards
truth , beauty and goodness.
others values include what we functionally call religious , cultural, and social values:
1. Religious Values are those which pertain to man’s relationship with the deity, guiding his
communion with Him.
2. Cultural Values are those man shares with others in a given community of persons, shaping
their spiritual kinship, and directing their attention to definite ideals of behavior.
3. Social Values are those that are necessary for the promotion of human society as a whole,
integrating the motivation and interest of members towards the common objective of goal.
7. THE HIERARCHY OF VALUES
• Refers to the order of values from the lowest to the highest in importance. Values do not
have the same degree of desirability.
• Neither is it possible to incorporate all values at the same time in our lives.
The Aristotrlian ranking of values appear justified.
The goods pertaining to the soul, that is, to the intellect and will, occupies the highest
level of importance.
The biological values occupy the lowest rank.
That we should aim for the most essential values is common sense enough.
Our choices should direct us to genuine growth character.
8. CHOOSING OUR VALUES
• Every man has to choose his values. He is wise indeed who chooses values
according to their intrinsic worth.
